浅谈红曲霉桔霉素

红曲产品中可能存在真菌毒素（ｍｙｃｏｔｏｘｉｎ）———桔霉素（ｃｉｔｒｉｎｉｎ）。根据国内外对红曲桔霉素的最新研究成果,介绍了桔霉素的有关性质,如桔霉素的产生菌种（株）、桔霉素的代谢途径、桔霉素的有关理化性质、如何控制桔霉素的产生。作者认为,桔霉素问题的出现,对我国红曲生产及应用领域来说,既是机遇,又是挑战。我国红曲生产行业对红曲桔霉素的问题应引起足够的重视,对生产菌种及红曲的发酵工艺技术要进行系统的考察,以便生产不含桔霉素或桔霉素含量低的红曲产品。     

红曲中桔霉素的检测控制及无桔霉素红曲产业化

红曲能产生多种功能性活性物质而得到了广泛应用和深入研究.然而大多数红曲霉在发酵过程中同时会产生桔霉素这种真菌毒素,从而影响到红曲产品的安全和出口.控制红曲产品中桔霉素,确保红曲的安全性是迫切需要解决的课题.本文综述了红曲发展的现状、桔霉素的检测方法、控制发酵过程中产生桔霉素的措施,并探讨了无桔霉素红曲的产业化发展策略.     

浅变红曲霉桔霉素

红曲产品中可能存在真菌霉素（ｍｙｃｏｔｏｘｉｎ）－－桔霉素（ｃｉｔｒｉｎｉｎ）．根据国内外对给曲桔霉素的最新研究成果，介绍了桔霉素的有关性质，如桔霉素的生产菌种（株）、桔霉素的代谢途径、桔霉素的有关理化性质、如何控制桔霉素的生产。作者认为，桔霉素问题的出现，在我国红曲生产及应用领域来说，即是机遇，又是挑战。我国红曲生产行业对红曲桔霉素的问题应引起足够的重视，对生产菌种及红曲的发酵工艺技术要进行系统     

红曲与桔霉素

因红曲中含有桔霉素 ,将使我国的红曲出口受到很大影响。本文介绍了红曲中桔霉素的产生及合成途径 ;桔霉素的分子式、结构、物理和化学性质、毒性、抑菌性和检测方法等内容。     

红曲产品桔霉素定量检测技术研究进展

桔霉素是红曲霉在代谢过程中产生的一种具有肾毒性的真菌毒素,普遍存在于我国红曲产品中。随着其毒性和代谢机理研究的逐渐深入,近年各国纷纷提出了对红曲产品中桔霉素的限量标准。而红曲产品成分复杂、色素含量高,桔霉素因含量微量而定量检测困难,如何建立准确、可靠、灵敏、快速的红曲产品桔霉素定量检测技术就成为食品安全关注的研究热点。本文对红曲产品桔霉素定量检测技术的研究现状和应用前景进行了比较和分析。     

高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析大米红曲中的桔霉素

本文探讨了大主红曲色素中桔霉素的高效液相色谱检测方法，并研究了影响红曲中桔霉素含量的一些因素。结果表明：红曲色素经预处理后以2％冰醋酸水和甲醇为流动相（2％冰醋酸水：甲醇＝70：30）时，桔霉素能很好地与其他红曲色素成分分开：选育得到的15株红曲菌种中，11号和14号菌株产生的红曲色素中没有检测桔霉素；液体发酵产物中桔霉素含量显著低于固体发酵法；干燥方法对桔霉素含量有一定的影响，但没有达到显著性差异。     

红曲中桔霉素的薄层层析分析

红曲产品中可能含有桔霉素，己使我国的红曲出口受到很大影响。根据国内外对桔霉素的最新研究报告，采用薄层层析法，对红曲中桔霉素的提取方法和展开剂分别进行研究。结果表明，以酸性水溶液作为提取剂，以甲苯：乙酸乙酌：甲酸(6：3：1)为展开剂，桔霉素的分离检测效果较好。在此基础上对22个红曲样进行了分析，结果显示，大部分红曲都含桔霉素，但含量高低不一，从中获得桔霉素含量低而色价高的红曲霉菌株有3个。     

红曲色素和桔霉素代谢调控方法的研究进展

在食品安全问题日益受到关注的今天,取代人工合成色素的天然色素具有广阔的市场前景。红曲色素是国际范围内生产量及使用量最大的天然食用色素之一,广泛应用于肉制品加工和水产品加工领域的着色。福建红曲以品质优、色价高的特点,在国内外享有极高声誉,但在红曲霉代谢过程中同时会合成真菌毒素桔霉素,使红曲色素在使用中存在安全隐患。我国红曲色素产品中桔霉素含量普遍偏高,制约了我国红曲产品的出口和使用领域的拓展。红曲色素和桔霉素合成呈伴生现象,常出现提高红曲色素产量的同时,桔霉素含量也相应提高的情况,因此调控红曲霉代谢过程中促进红曲色素的产生同时抑制桔霉素的产生成为解决这一矛盾的关键。文章介绍了国内外红曲色素和桔霉素的代谢调控方法的研究概况,主要包括菌种选育、发酵工艺优化及基因工程等来达到调控目的,通过掌握红曲菌代谢调控网络,研究红曲菌产桔霉素的代谢途径及途径中的代谢机制,进而综合分析调控红曲霉合成代谢桔霉素存在的问题并提出应对措施,对推动红曲产品的出口和红曲产业的健康发展具有重要意义。     

桔霉素与红曲霉的安全性争议

红曲霉能代谢生成天然红色素和多种生理活性物质而备受国际关注,但同时也发现其生长过程产生桔霉素.桔霉素是一种真菌毒素,作用的靶器官是肾脏,可以致畸、诱发肿瘤、突变等.红曲霉中桔霉素的发现使得我国的红曲产品的安全性引起争议.介绍了红曲中产生的桔霉素的理化性质、毒性、产生途径和检测方法等的研究现状,并就如何消除红曲中桔霉素提出了对策.     

红曲色素发酵生产过程桔霉素控制技术研究进展

红曲色素作为天然色素已广泛应用于食品行业,而桔霉素污染会对其食品安全性造成严重影响,也对其出口造成很大障碍。该文总结了红曲色素发酵生产过程中桔霉素控制相关研究进展,包括无桔霉素或低桔霉素的菌种选育,培养基优化,发酵过程参数控制等手段来控制或消除桔霉素,以期为有效减少桔霉素生成,提高红曲色素产品的安全性提供参考和借鉴。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,