绿茶中提取茶多糖最佳工艺的优化

采用单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验对绿茶中茶多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,研究了料水质量比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数对茶多糖提取的影响。结果表明,影响茶多糖得率的主次因素为:料水质量比、浸提温度、浸提次数、浸提时间;最佳提取工艺条件为:料水质量比为1∶25,提取温度85℃,提取时间为90min,提取1次。在此最佳工艺条件下,茶多糖得率为1.92%。     

油菜花粉多糖提取工艺条件研究

对油菜花粉多糖的提取工艺进行研究。探讨浸提次数、时间、料液比和温度对多糖得率的影响，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明：温度对多糖得率的影响最大，其次为提取时间、次数，料液比的影响最小。油菜花粉多糖提取的最优条件为1：4的料液比，90℃水浴条件下，浸提4次，每次浸提4h，其水溶性多糖提取率达1．450％。     

山榛蘑多糖提取工艺研究

以山榛蘑为原料,采用热水浸提法提取山榛蘑多糖。在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验进一步优化提取工艺条件,确定影响山榛蘑多糖提取率的主次因素分别是料液比、浸提时间、浸提次数和浸提温度。结果表明,最佳工艺条件是料液比1∶25,浸提温度95℃,浸提时间5h,浸提次数3次,多糖得率达4.81%。     

无花果多糖提取技术研究

以无花果取汁后的残渣为原料，探讨浸提次数、时间、料液比和温度对多糖得率的影响，在单因素试验的基础上，通过正交试验确定最佳提取上艺条什。结果表明：在试验范围内，最佳提取温度为100℃，在此温度下提取次数对多糖提取率影响最大，其次为料液比，取温度100℃，料液比1：12，浸提2次，每次浸提3h，提取时间的影响最小。无花果多糖提取的最优条件为提其水溶性多糖提取率达8．52％。     

油茶籽粕中多糖提取工艺的优化研究

以脱脂油茶籽粕为原料,研究从油茶籽粕中提取茶多糖的优化工艺,对提取工艺中液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提温度和浸提时间分别进行了单因素实验,以考察各单因素对茶多糖得率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上利用4因素3水平的响应面法(RSM)建立二次回归模型,对4个因素进行优化组合,并对因素和因素间交互作用进行方差分析和响应面分析,从而确定从油茶籽粕中提取茶多糖的最佳工艺条件为液料比11:1、乙醇浓度60%、浸提温度55℃,浸提时间2 h。验证实验茶多糖实际得率为7.43%。最后,简要总结了提取出的粗茶多糖的分离纯化方法。工艺优化后茶多糖得率高、安全可靠、生产操作方便,为工业上茶籽多糖的提取提供了一定的理论参考。     

黄鸡枞子实体多糖提取工艺优化研究

以多糖得率为评价指标,采用水提醇沉法对黄鸡枞多糖的提取工艺条件进行优化,选用单因素试验和正交试验法,考察料液比、提取温度、浸提时间3个因素对该菌多糖得率的影响。结果表明,影响黄鸡枞水溶性多糖提取率的主要因素依次为料液比提取温度浸提时间,通过正交试验确定该菌多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶30,浸提温度60℃,浸提时间2 h,在此条件下,其多糖得率可达4.7%,为改善黄鸡枞多糖的提取方法提供了试验基础。     

新疆黑桑椹多糖的提取和测定

本实验采用热水浸提法从新疆黑桑椹中提取多糖，利用正交试验设计法优选最佳提取工艺，并采用改良的苯酚．硫酸法测定多糖含量。结果显示，影响桑椹多糖得率因素的优先次序为：浸提时间〉固液比〉温度〉浸提次数；桑椹多糖水提法最佳提取工艺条件为浸提时间2h、固液比1：30、浸提温度70℃、浸提3次。在此工艺下多糖得率为3．24％。     

黄伞菌丝体多糖提取及其抗疲劳活性的研究

目的：探讨黄伞菌丝体多糖最佳提取条件及其对改善疲劳状态下肌力的减退作用.方法：采用不同料液比、不同浸提温度和浸提时间,研究黄伞菌丝体多糖的最佳提取条件;采用脉冲式电流刺激离体腓肠肌作为疲劳模型,研究黄伞多糖对离体肌肉疲劳的影响.结果：料液比1：30、在100℃下和4h的浸提时间时的菌丝体多糖得率最高;中浓度组（0.2mg/mL）多糖和低浓度组（0.02mg/mL）多糖能明显延缓离体骨骼肌疲劳的发生.结论：黄伞菌丝体多糖最佳提取条件为料液比1：30、浸提温度100℃和4h的浸提时间;此多糖具有抗疲劳作用.     

玉米黑粉菌多糖提取工艺研究

对玉米黑粉菌多糖的提取工艺进行研究。探讨浸提次数、时间、料液比和温度对多糖得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明:温度对多糖得率的影响最大,其次为料液比、次数,提取时间的影响最小;玉米黑粉菌多糖提取的最优条件为1∶40的料液比,80℃水浴条件下,浸提3次,每次浸提2h,其水溶性粗多糖提取率为约10%。胰蛋白酶法与Sevage法结合使用脱除蛋白质时,玉米黑粉菌粗多糖的纯化效果优于单独使用Sevage法。     

麦麸多糖的提取工艺研究

以小麦麸皮为原料，并以水为溶剂浸提小麦麸皮水溶性多糖，研究了料液比、提取时间、提取温度等因素对麦麸多糖提取率的影响。通过单因素试验和正交试验，确定出提取麦麸多糖的最佳工艺条件为：料液比：1：25，提取时间4h，提取温度100℃。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

山药水溶性多糖的提取及抗氧化性研究

研究山药水溶性多糖的提取及其抗氧化作用。方法是将小鼠分别口服给予山药水溶性多糖，每天1次，连续给药15d，取血测过氧化物酶（POD）活性，取血、肝、肾测超氧化物歧化酶（sOD）活性，脂质过氧化产物（MDA）含量。山药多糖物可显著提高POD活性及血、肝、肾的SOD活性，并减少血、肝、肾组织中MDA的含量。山药水溶性多糖有提高小鼠体内过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性及减少脂质过氧化产物的抗氧化作用。     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。