香蕉采用防腐保鲜技术研究进展

香蕉是典型的呼吸跃变型果实,其后熟生理和采后病害是影响香蕉采后贮运保鲜的重要因素,本文综述了香蕉采后常见生理病理病害以及有关防腐呆鲜技术的研究进展。     

百香果采后特性与保鲜技术研究综述

百香果成熟于高温时节,采后极易失水皱缩、腐败劣变,采后贮运难度较大。因而研究百香果采后保鲜技术,对延长百香果货架期具有重要经济意义。该文阐述了百香果采后生理变化以及采后病害,并从物理、化学、生物、复合保鲜等方面综述了百香果采后保鲜技术的研究进展,展望了百香果贮藏保鲜技术未来发展趋势,为百香果采后保鲜技术的深入研究提供参考和借鉴。     

南方葡萄采后贮运病害的微生物防治技术研究

介绍了南方葡萄采后贮运的现状，针对性的指出了南方常见病害的病原菌种类，并对南方葡萄可借鉴的采后微生物防治技术进行综述。     

蓝莓采后品质调控和抗氧化研究进展

蓝莓富含花色苷等营养成分和抗氧化物质,具有很高的营养保健和经济价值,深受广大消费者的喜爱。蓝莓果实不耐贮藏,易受病原菌侵染,导致腐烂,品质劣变,影响贮运、流通和消费。本文综述蓝莓采后生理、生化变化,以及国内外贮藏保鲜技术、抗氧化活性和药用研究的一些最新进展,以期为我国蓝莓采后贮藏保鲜技术的发展,品质调控保持和抗氧化研究提供借鉴。     

果蔬采后病害的潜伏侵染机理研究进展

潜伏侵染是引起果蔬采后病害的重要因素,病原菌侵染途径多样、侵染时期难以预测,采后处理不能完全控制果蔬潜伏侵染病害发生。潜伏侵染性病原菌附着胞的形成及分泌的致病因子如胞外酶、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、p H因子和毒素是病原菌穿透寄主细胞的重要原因,同时寄主组织衰老防卫能力降低也加速了病原菌在寄主细胞内次生菌丝的形成和寄主病症的出现。本文通过对果蔬采后病害的潜伏侵染机理的综述,明确病原菌侵入寄主的机制及病原菌在寄主内长期潜伏的原因,可以有针对性地防治采后病害,对寻找防治潜伏侵染新方法和提高采后病害的防治效率具有理论意义。     

蓝莓采后生理病理与保鲜技术的研究进展

蓝莓鲜果酸甜可口,风味独特,富含花青素、Vc等抗氧化成分,营养价值和保健价值极高,是消费者青睐的浆果之一。然而,蓝莓果皮薄,含水量高,且采后蒂痕处极易受到微生物的侵染,引起蓝莓腐烂,极大地缩短蓝莓的货架期,限制蓝莓产业的健康发展,因此探寻高效安全的保鲜技术是目前蓝莓采后研究的热点问题。该文对蓝莓采后生理病理研究现状及目前国内外蓝莓保鲜技术进行综述,关于采后蓝莓的衰老、微生物侵染机理及保鲜技术的调控机理等依然不明晰。今后应从细胞和分子水平上对蓝莓采后衰老发生机理进行深入研究,这将为蓝莓采后病害防治、贮运保鲜技术研究提供一定的理论基础。     

猕猴桃果实采后生理、采后病害与保鲜技术研究进展

对国内外关于猕猴桃果实采后生理、采后病害与保鲜技术的研究进展进行综述。采后生理涉及猕猴桃果实采后呼吸强度、乙烯释放、营养成分、果实软化及相关酶类等;果实采后病害包括生理性病害和病理性病害;保鲜技术包括猕猴桃果实的采收、热处理、涂膜处理、钙处理、草酸处理、1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理、ClO2处理、低温冷藏,及气调贮藏等;指出了猕猴桃果实采后研究存在的问题和今后需要进一步研究的领域。     

新疆葡萄保鲜及温度控制技术

新疆葡萄具有特有的生长环境和采后生理特点,其贮藏保鲜技术和国内其它地区葡萄的贮藏保鲜技术有很大不同.目前,由于采后贮运保鲜技术滞后,新疆特产大粒的马奶、木纳格及红地球、秋黑等优良鲜食新品种,采后损失高达30%～40%.因此,急需研究与推广适合新疆葡萄贮藏保鲜的技术与设备.笔者根据多年来的研究与实践经验,总结出新疆葡萄的采后生物学特性及系统的贮运保鲜技术,为新疆葡萄的贮运保鲜提供借鉴.     

电离辐射对果蔬采后病害的控制

电离辐射技术因其效果好、简便、实用、卫生安全等特点而被作为代替化学合成防腐剂的物理方法应用于果蔬防腐保鲜中。综述了电离辐射在采后果蔬病害控制上的应用,包括电离辐射的直接抑菌作用、电离辐射对采后果蔬病害控制的效果及提高电离辐射对果蔬采后病害防治能力的方法等。     

番石榴果实采后生理和采后病害研究进展

番石榴果实采后易腐烂劣变,不耐贮运,制约着中国番石榴产业的进一步发展。本文就国内外关于番石榴果实采后生理和采后病害的研究进展进行综述,指出了番石榴果实采后研究存在的问题和今后需要进一步研究的领域。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物作为果蔬保鲜剂和食品助剂的研究进展及应用

介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物涂膜延缓果蔬衰老软化的可能机制,涂膜与果蔬贮藏期间品质、生理关系,常见的果蔬壳聚糖处理的最佳浓度和效果的研究进展,以及壳聚糖及其衍生物作为食品加工助剂的研究和应用.     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

壳聚糖及其衍生物涂膜保鲜果蔬和食品的研究进展及应用

本文介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物涂膜延缓果蔬衰老软化的可能机制，涂膜与果蔬贮藏期间品质、生理关系，常见果蔬壳聚糖处理的最佳浓度和效果的研究进展。最后对壳聚糖及其衍生物在食品的涂膜保鲜方面也做了综述。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

家蝇及其幼虫的营养价值与开发利用

本文介绍了家蝇及其幼虫的营养价值、开发利用方向,并对其前景进行了展望。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

核桃及其加工与利用

本文详细介绍核桃的产量、产地,核桃的组成成份和营养保健功效,核桃的加工工艺及核桃、核桃仁和核桃油的市场分析。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。