我国食品安全体系主要问题研究进展

食品安全是一项关系到全人类健康的重要的公共卫生问题。本文通过收集相关的文献资料, 对我国食品安全体系主要问题的研究进行了综述, 分析了影响我国食品安全体系完善的主要原因, 着重分析了我国现有法律的缺陷和监管模式与检测技术水平的不足, 并提出了相应的解决方法和建议, 如如何进一步完善食品安全监管体系, 加强法制建设;完善食品安全标准, 加强食品安全检测手段等。     

探析中美两国之间的食品安全管理体制的异同及对我国的启示

美国是全球范围内食品质量最为安全的国家之一,其食品安全监管体制历经一百多年的持续发展已相对完善。中国的食品安全监管体制与美国有类似的地方,同时也存在着不同的地方,所以通过对中、美两国之间的食品安全管理体制的异同进行分析,能够更加深入地增强我国食品安全监管水平,且对其发展具有非常重要的作用。笔者以交换生的身份在美国芝加哥大学分校学习了食品质量与安全的相关学业之后,对中美两国的食品安全管理体系有了较深入的了解,在此基础上对两者做了比较并提出对我国食品安全管理上的启示。     

中国食品安全管理中的政府责任研究

食品安全问题是关系到国计民生的重大问题,食品安全事故不仅对人民群众的生命健康造成极为严重的危害,还对社会稳定构成严重威胁。基于经济法与行政法的理论分析,政府受社会公众委托行使公共管理的职能,对食品安全问题负有监管责任。针对目前中国食品安全领域存在的问题,政府应从转变监管模式、健全问责机制、完善食品安全立法等方面入手承担监管责任。     

中国食品安全监管中行政法的规制研究

当前各种安全问题食品在市场上频繁出现的事实,说明中国现有食品安全监管体制存在很多方面的问题。从行政法的维度对这些问题进行认真的分析,可以发现中国食品安全监管体制存在条块分割、缺乏统一的食品安全监管质量标准、追责力度不足等问题。有必要在现有的基础上对其进行相应的创新,通过建立统一协调垂直管理的高效行政管理体制、推行统一的强制性食品安全可追溯制度、建立食品安全监管的多元追责机制等路径,能使食品安全监管效得到实质性的提高。     

发达国家食品安全监管体制的主要模式及对我国的启示

论述了食品安全与人类健康、经济发展、社会稳定关系的重要性。介绍了发达国家食品安全的主要监管模式和特点及我国食品安全监管体制的现状和弊端,提出了建立我国食品安全监管体制的对策。     

我国农产品安全监管存在的问题及对策

正食用农产品(以下简称"农产品")是各类食品生产的基础,农产品的安全问题关系到整个食品链的安全,关系到广大人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,关系到社会稳定和经济健康发展。本文结合执法实践,对当前农产品监管中存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的对策及建议,供有关部门参考。为应对农产品安全问题和加强监管,我国政府制定了多项管理措施,出台了多部法律法规,也多次对食品安全监管体制进行了大的改革。2015     

美国食品安全监管体系对我国的启示

食品安全关系到人民的生命与健康,关系到国家的稳定和社会的和谐。食品安全问题已成为当前我国社会各界普遍关注的问题。本文着重介绍了美国食品安全监管体系,并根据美国食品安全监管体系的特点,提出我国食品安全监管体系建设的建议,以期为完善我国食品安全监管体系提供参考和借鉴。     

论食品安全与食品监督管理

正我国是人口大国,食品安全和食品监督管理问题直接关系到人民的生命健康,随着国家经济实力的增强和国民生活水平的提高,人们对食品安全问题更加重视,做好食品安全工作,对经济发展和维系社会稳定至关重要。本文主要研究食品安全与食品监督管理问题,分析了我国现阶段的食品安全形势,并提出了若干关于强化食品监督管理工作的建议。我国食品安全形势食品安全监督管理工作实效性差我国食品安全监督管理工作遵循一个环节一个监管部门的根本原则,对食品安全问题进行分段监管、品种监管     

我国食品安全监管体制发展历程及改革现状探讨

近段时间,食品安全事件不断出现,食品安全监管已成为全社会关注的焦点问题。为适应新的食品安全监管状况,我国的食品安全监管体制也随之发展和演进,探索适应监管需求的新体制。总体而言,我国食品安全监管体制发展至今,经历了集中监管、分散监管、"多段式"监管,以及目前部分试点城市正在探索的"大管理"监管模式。     

国内外食品质量安全监管体系的比较与分析

食品安全不仅关系着人民群众的切身利益,还关系着我国社会稳定和经济的发展,食品质量安全监管问题已经成为国际国内普遍关注的问题,我国食品质量安全监管体制和机制反映出的问题尤为突出。从政府监管体制、法律标准体系、日常监管制度3个方面分析我国食品质量安全监管体系现状和存在的问题,提出食品质量安全监管体系的整体框架,从该框架的实施主体、原则依据、监管制度以及保障体系4个方面,比较我国与国外发达国家食品质量安全监管的差异,研究产生差异的原因,提出我国食品质量监管体系待改进的问题,得到国外食品安全监管模式对我国的启示。     

我国食品质量安全管理体制现状分析及对策

文章从两个方面分析了我国食品质量安全管理体制存在的弊端:一是管理权限分属不同部门,难以形成协调配合、运转高效的管理机制;二是食品质量安全管理的法律依据不足,法律体系不完善,难以依法行政。针对我国食品质量安全管理体制存在的弊端,文章从六个方面提出了改革我国食品质量安全管理体制的建议。     

A food systems approach to researching food security and its interactions with global environmental change

There is growing concern that satisfying societal demand for food over coming decades will be increasingly challenging. Much of the debate centres on increasing food production which has always been–and remains–an important strategy to alleviate food insecurity. However, despite the fact that more than enough food is currently produced per capita to adequately feed the global population, about 925 million people remained food insecure in 2010. Meeting future demand will be further complicated by deleterious changes in climate and other environmental factors (collectively termed ‘global environmental change’, GEC). This paper lays out a case for a food systems approach to research the complex food security/GEC arena and provides a number of examples of how this can help. These include (i) providing a framework for structuring dialogues aimed at enhancing food security and identifying the range of actors and other interested parties who should be involved; (ii) integrating analyses of the full set of food system activities (i.e. producing, storing, processing, packaging, trading and consuming food) with those of the food security outcomes i.e. stability of food access, utilisation and availability, and all their nine elements (rather than only food production); (iii) helping to both assess the impacts of GEC on food systems and identify feedbacks to the earth system from food system activities; (iv) helping to identify intervention points for enhancing food security and analysing synergies and trade-offs between food security, ecosystem services and social welfare outcomes of different adaptation pathways; and (v) highlighting where new research is needed.     

How disaggregated should information be for a sound food security policy?

This study aimed to answer the question whether disaggregating micro data on food security conditions yielded sufficient new information to improve food security policies. To answer this question, we proposed and implemented a conceptual model that comprised three successive levels of disaggregation. The model was implemented for the Punjab province of Pakistan for which primary data was collected from 1,152 rural households. To measure the food security status of households, the Dietary Intake Assessment (DIA) method was used. Furthermore, the determinants of food security were identified using a Logit Regression model. Comparing the results of this model suggested that disaggregation yields sufficient new information to warrant the extra effort. We found that food security of different household categories and micro-regions were statistically different from each other; moreover, household categories differed in their food security status even within regions. Basing potential policies on analysis of too aggregated data a level can lead to biased conclusions. An implication is that a blanket policy for ensuring rural household food security, as currently implemented in Pakistan, is not an efficient approach.     

More food or better distribution? Reviewing food policy options in developing countries

As most of the undernourished people in the world live in developing countries, achieving food security plays a major role on the daily agenda of policy makers. For achieving food security, there exist various strategies such as supply management, demand management, or better food distribution. This article aims to analyze different scenarios in a developing country context and seeks to provide an overview that could be the most suitable approach to achieve food security. In this context, not only producing more food is considered but also the environmental and social implications that come along with a higher production. Some of the existing options for achieving food security seem not to be appropriate anymore; for instance, cultivation expansion, as this can only be achieved at high social and environmental costs. Other options, such as sustainable intensification or waste management, seem to be more appropriate. The article concludes that there exists no stand-alone solution to the food security problem. Instead, an integrated approach that combines different options might rather be the key to sustainable food security.     

肉类食品安全追溯系统中的流程优化建模

质量安全追溯体系的建立是保证我国肉类食品安全的根本出路,肉类食品生产、加工工序复杂、繁多,影响了质量安全追溯信息的准确采集与传输.本文在对肉类食品供应链追溯单元识别与质量传递关系分析的基础上,确定了肉类食品供应链追溯单元的活动形式,以追溯单元的变迁过程为依据,对肉类食品追溯系统流程进行了优化,为追溯系统开发建立了基础.     

功能食品的信用体系构建研究

由于食品安全面临着诚信问题，功能食品安全信用建设自然是迫在眉睫。本文根据功能食品的特点，将生产企业作为主要研究对象，初步探讨了功能食品信用体系的基本组成和主要功能。文章将功能食品信用体系分为制度建设和数据库建设两部分。制度建设涵盖功能食品信用管理重点、信用标准的体系研究、信用征集与评价机制、信用奖惩和公示四个方面。数据库建设探讨了功能食品信用体系与国家食品安全信用体系的数据库建设关系，以及利用我国相关的监管部门、征信机构、金融系统等已有的数据库，建设基于网络技术的联网服务系统，形成立体交叉的功能食品信用档案和查询服务系统。     

全球粮食安全治理体系变革与中国粮食安全保障研究

随着粮食贸易自由化和全球农业专业化分工的发展，全球粮食生产和消费空间分离，各国粮食系统越来越多的依赖全球化的粮食系统。然而，在逆全球化、疫情、气候变化等多因叠加下，全球粮食安全面临前所未有的挑战。本文简要概括现有粮食安全治理体系下全球粮食供求变化趋势以及对中国粮食安全的影响，从粮食安全内涵、全球粮食供求结构、国际贸易、治理格局、治理机构五个方面总结了当前全球粮食治理体系的特征及面临的困境。研究发现，在发达国家主导下，现有粮食安全治理体系存在全球粮食分配不平衡、供应链脆弱、治理缺位、多边治理效能发挥不足、改革滞后等问题。为构建更加公平、开放和包容的全球粮食安全治理体系，打破当前治理僵局，通过加强国际农业合作、改革粮食贸易体系、增强发展中国家参与度、充分发挥数字技术驱动作用、重视区域性粮食治理体系的协调优势，引领全球粮食安全治理体系变革，保障中国粮食安全外部环境的稳定。     

HACCP系统与我国食品安全

目前我国食品安全已得到了前所未有的重视,要确保食品的安全性,建立和执行有效的食品安全控制体系是必须的。其中,危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)系统是应用较广、效果较好的食品安全与质量控制系统之一。本文介绍了HACCP和食品安全的概况,HACCP与食品安全的关系,我国食品安全的现状及存在的问题,HACCP系统对保证食品安全的作用及科学性和有效性。     

我国食品安全问题产生的原因及对策

目前,食品安全已成为全球性的重大战略性问题,随着我国国民经济的高速发展及人民生活水平的提高,对食品安全提出了越来越高的要求,解决食品安全问题对我国有重要的意义。在提出对食品安全和安全食品正确认识的基础上,从食品供应的各个环节具体分析了我国食品安全问题产生的因素,并提出以下相应对策:建立和完善相关的法律、法规及标准;加强食品安全的监督管理,加强食品安全重大关键技术的研究和开发,运用信息技术建立食品安全信息管理体系,建立食品安全社会信用体系,提高全民对食品安全的重视程度。     

Exploring the contribution of alternative food networks to food security. A comparative analysis

Food (in)security has become a challenge not only for developing economies but also for High Income Countries. In parallel, food scholars have actively investigated the contribution of alternative food networks (AFNs) to the development of more sustainable and just food systems, paying attention to drivers, initiatives and policies supporting the development of alternatives to the dominant industrialised food system and its detrimental environmental and socio-economic impacts. However, few studies have directly addressed the contribution of AFNs to food security in the Global North. This paper aims to establish new linkages between food security debates and critical AFNs literature. For that purpose, we conduct a place-based approach to food security in a comparative analysis of initiatives of three different European contexts: Cardiff city-region (UK), the Flemish Region (Belgium) and the peri-urban area of the city of Valencia (Spain). The results unfold: i) how AFNs weave a more localised socio-economic fabric that creates new relationships between food security outcomes and specific territories, ii) hybridization processes within alternative but also conventional systems and iii) the role of advocacy and collective action at different levels. The analysis allows identification of key elements on which food security debates hinge and provides new insights to ground conceptual discussions on territorial and place-based food security approaches.