真丝织物的钛氟溶胶抗紫外拒水整理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一种以钛酸四丁酯(TTB)为主要原料的钛纳米溶胶,以及一种以十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(FAS)为主要原料的氟纳米溶胶。以传统轧烘焙工艺首先在真丝织物上形成钛纳米凝胶薄膜,再浸轧氟纳米溶胶进行轧烘焙处理。试验表明,整理后的真丝UPF值由原布31.99增至136.54,50次水洗后为96.51,仍保持了较好的抗紫外性能;织物的接触角为137.6°,20次水洗后保持在102.5°,具有良好的拒水性能;但是,整理后的真丝织物断裂强力有所下降,而纬向撕破强力和抗弯长度则有所提高。     

二氧化锆纳米溶胶对真丝织物的抗紫外整理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化锆(ZrO2)纳米溶胶,利用浸轧法将溶胶整理到真丝织物上,高温烘焙。通过激光粒径测试仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对ZrO2纳米溶胶及其整理后的真丝织物表征发现,织物表面形成了一层ZrO2纳米颗粒,其平均粒径约为60 nm。真丝织物经ZrO2溶胶整理后,其防护系数(UPF)从13.69提高到32.47(120℃烘焙处理),在长波紫外线(UVA)区域紫外透过率明显降低,经50次水洗后织物的抗紫外性能没有下降,反而有所提高。     

防污亚麻织物的开发

介绍了防污亚麻织物的生产方法,及采用含氟拒水拒油整理剂对亚麻织物进行拒水拒油整理的工艺条件,比较了整理前后亚麻织物的防污性能、强力、透气性.测试结果表明:利用含氟拒水拒油整理剂对亚麻织物进行后整理,可以使织物获得较好的防污性能,而不影响织物的服用性能.     

天然多酚整理剂PPT-01的制备及其对 Lyocell长丝与真丝交织面料的功能整理研究

本文讨论了天然多酚整理剂PPT-01的制备工艺及其对Lyocell长丝与真丝交织面料的功能整理工艺,制备时按照一定的重量百分比配方将茶多酚、鸭跖草40wt%乙醇水提取物、八月札乙醇提取物、木质素磺酸钠、吐温-65、司班-20、聚乙二醇400、异丙醇等成分混合搅拌均匀,余量为水。同时采用制备好的天然多酚整理剂PPT-01对真丝和Lyocell长丝交织织物进行功能整理研究,探讨了不同整理工艺参数(如整理液pH值、整理剂用量、整理温度、整理时间等)对整理效果的影响,分析确定了天然多酚整理剂PPT-01对真丝和Lyocell长丝交织织物的最佳整理工艺条件为:整理液pH值为7、整理剂用量10mL/L、浴比1:30、整理温度85℃、整理时间40min;最后对优化整理工艺后的织物进行了抗菌性能和防紫外性能检测,结果发现优化工艺整理后织物对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率大大提高,且整理后织物的防紫外性能也获得较大改善。     

棉/氨纶弹力织物的三防整理工艺

采用Oleophobol CO整理剂对棉／氨纶及其混纺织物拒水、拒油、拒污整理，探讨了温度、整理剂用量、水洗次数对整理效果的影响，以及整理前后织物强力的变化。试验表明，以Oleophobol CO浓度40～60g／L对棉氨纶及其混纺织物进行处理，其拒水拒油效果明显，进行大生产放样，其三防整理效果均达到或超过吊牌要求。     

棉织物环保型氟整理工艺

采用不含PFOS和PFOA的环保型含氟整理剂对织物进行自清洁整理技术,比较了环保型含氟整理剂、纳米三防整理剂与普通三防整理剂处理织物的拒水耐洗性、拒油耐洗性和透气性.结果表明,经新型自清洁整理的面料具有良好的防水性、防油性和透气性,耐50次水洗,且服用性能优异.     

棉织物的溶胶-凝胶法拒水整理研究

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前躯体,乙醇为溶剂,盐酸为催化剂制备硅溶胶,并加入添加剂对棉织物进行改性;测试整理后织物的拒水性能,以及织物的手感、透气性、断裂强力和染色性能的变化.结果表明,溶胶拒水整理略降低织物的透气性和手感,而断裂强力有所提高;直接染料染色织物拒水整理后,色光略有变化,颜色加深,牢度基本不受影响.     

防紫外整理对真丝绸染色性能的影响

采用整理剂吸收法对真丝织物进行防紫外整理。通过比较整理前后织物的K／S值、上染率及染色牢度等,探讨防紫外整理对真丝织物染色性能的影响,进而说明自制的紫外吸收剂WZ－1、WZ－2对真丝织物具有良好的防老化效果。     

涤纶织物的拒水拒油整理

 采用含氟整理剂通过轧烘焙工艺整理涤纶织物,探讨含氟整理剂浓度、焙烘条件、醋酸与异丙醇及交联剂浓度对织物拒水拒油性能的影响,根据水洗后织物的拒水拒油性能优化整理工艺。结果表明,优化工艺对不同的涤纶织物都具有较好的拒水拒油效果,经5次水洗后,拒水等级不低于90分,拒油等级不低于4级。同时用扫描电镜观察整理后的涤纶纤维纵向表面形态在水洗前后的变化,对变化原因从理论上进行简要的解释,以此证实涤纶织物在水洗前后拒水拒油性能的变化。     

二氧化锆纳米溶胶对涤纶织物的抗紫外线整理

为将纳米粒子应用于织物的功能整理,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了锆纳米溶胶,利用浸轧法将溶胶整理到涤纶织物上,烘焙后在织物表面形成了一层二氧化锆纳米颗粒。分析反应物浓度、水解促进剂的种类和用量等条件对产物粒径的影响,得到制备锆纳米溶胶的最佳反应条件：反应物浓度0.10mol/L,以双氧水为水解促进剂,用量为m(双氧水):m(ZrCl4)=1:1。最佳条件下制备的锆溶胶平均粒径约为60nm。涤纶织物经ZrO2溶胶整理后,其防护系数（UPF）从86提高到185（150℃烘焙处理）,在长波紫外线（UVA）区域紫外透过率明显降低,经50次水洗后UPF值仍能保持在132,抗紫外性能具有一定的耐水洗性。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.