基因芯片技术在食品微生物检测和研究中的应用

基因芯片技术为全面快速准确地分析鉴定水体、空气、土壤和食品等环境中的各种微生物提供了一种崭新的技术工具和平台。本文扼要综述了近年来基因芯片技术在食品微生物检测中的研究进展,着重讨论基因芯片检测微生物的基本原理与步骤, 样品的采集制备和分离纯化食品微生物DNA的方法和要求,基因芯片技术检测食品常见致病菌及其在食品微生物研究中的应用,该技术在食品微生物中的应用现状和前景。     

基于高通量测序技术的食源性病原体检测应用进展

高通量测序是DNA测序技术发展中里程碑式的突破。面对突然爆发的食源性病原体疫情, 食源性病原体检测正从传统的物理化学方法以及核酸扩增杂交技术向无需富集分离的高通量测序技术发展。高通量测序技术把食源性病原体看成一个整体, 直接对食品样本中的所有病原体进行全基因组测序, 得到病原体基因组数据, 并进一步通过生物信息学分析, 得到病原体的基因型、毒力和耐药性报告。高通量测序技术广泛应用于食源性病原体检测的难点在于对测序数据的准确分析, 但其在食源性病原体的快速检测、预防食源疫情传播和日常的食源疫情监测, 尤其是发现未知食源性病原体方面拥有巨大的潜力。本文主要对基于高通量测序技术的食源性病原体检测技术的原理、应用进行综述, 并介绍了现阶段面临的挑战和机遇。     

基因芯片技术在啤酒杂菌污染检测中的应用

基因芯片技术为全面快速准确地分析啤酒发酵液中的各种微生物提供了一种崭新的技术工具和平台。本文扼要综述了近年来啤酒杂菌污染检测中的研究进展,着重讨论基因芯片检测微生物的基本原理与步骤,样品的采集制备和分离纯化啤酒发酵液样品DNA的方法和要求,同时探讨了基因芯片技术检测大量复杂微生物体系所面临的挑战以及该技术在啤酒业应用的前景展望。     

分子技术在食源性致病微生物检测中的应用

食品中的病原微生物是影响食品安全的主要因素之一,传统的细菌分离、培养与鉴定繁琐复杂、周期较长,难以适应食源性疾病预防控制的需要,因而快速、简便、特异的检测方法成为研究的热点。近年来,随着现代生物技术的快速发展,新的分子生物学技术和方法不断涌现并被广泛应用于微生物检测,为传染病的流行病学调查、基因的多样性、微生物的生物学特性、微生物的致病性等各个方面提供了重要的信息。本文较为系统地介绍了利用分子生物学技术快速检测食源性致病微生物的方法,总结了核酸杂交技术、核酸扩增技术、基因芯片技术在致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌等致病微生物快速检测中的应用现状,并简要阐述了这几种检测方法的利弊。     

“食源性致病微生物”专题征稿函

正食源性疾病是指通过摄食而进入人体的有毒有害物质(包括生物性病原体)等致病因子所造成的疾病。近年来,由食源性致病微生物污染食物导致中毒或死亡事件在全球频发,食源性致病微生物引起的疾病已成为危害人类健康的头号杀手。食源性疾病的发病率居各类疾病发病率的前列,是当前世界上最突出的公共健康问题。鉴于此,本刊特策划"食源性致病微生物"专题,由上海理工大学董庆利教授担任专题主编,主要围绕食源性致病微生物新型快速检测技术、食源性致病微生物的分离与检测、食源性致病微生物的毒力与耐药性、     

分子马达生物传感器在食源性病原微生物 检测中的应用

传统的食源性致病微生物的检测方法主要是利用培养基对存活的病原微生物进行培养和分离,这种方法因其周期长、程序繁琐已经不能满足快速检测的要求。随着免疫学、生物化学、分子生物学的不断发展,人们已经建立了较多快速、简便、特异、敏感的检测技术。本文对分子马达生物传感器在食源性病原微生物检测中的应用及其前景进行综述性介绍。     

分子马达生物传感器在食源性病原微生物检测中的应用

传统的食源性致病微生物检测方法主要是利用培养基对存活的病原微生物进行培养和分离,这种方法因其周期长、程序繁琐已经不能满足快速检测的要求。随着免疫学、生物化学、分子生物学的不断发展,人们已经建立了较多快速、简便、特异、敏感的检测技术。本文对分子马达生物传感器在食源性病原微生物检测中的应用及其前景进行综述性介绍。     

免疫磁分离技术在食源性致病菌快速检测中的研究进展

建立食源性致病菌快速高效的检测新方法和策略对控制食源性疾病的爆发至关重要。样品前处理是快速筛选病原体的关键步骤。常规食源性致病菌检测技术通常需要前增菌和选择性分离等预处理过程才能达到提高目标细菌浓度的目的,耗时长且灵敏度低。免疫磁分离技术（immunomagnetic separation,IMS）是一种能够在较短时间内从复杂食品样品中分离和浓缩目标病原菌的技术,已被应用于多种食源性致病菌的检测。本文综述了IMS在食源性致病菌检测中的应用,重点阐述了IMS作用原理、影响IMS效果的因素以及结合其他检测技术在食源性致病菌快速检测中的最新应用研究,以期为该技术更深层次的应用研究和我国食品安全快速检测技术的发展提供理论支持。     

“食源性致病微生物”专题征稿函

正食源性疾病是指通过摄食而进入人体的有毒有害物质(包括生物性病原体)等致病因子所造成的疾病。近年来,由食源性致病微生物污染食物导致中毒或死亡事件在全球频发,食源性致病微生物引起的疾病已成为危害人类健康的头号杀手。食源性疾病的发病率居各类疾病发病率的前列,是当前世界上最突出的公共健康问题。鉴于此,本刊特策划"食源性致病微生物"专题,由上海理工大学董庆利教授担任专题主编,主要围绕食源性致病微生物新型快速检测技术、食源性致病微生物的分离与检测、食源性致病微生物的毒力与耐药性、食源性致病微生物风险评估、食源性致病微生物的监测与风险控制等展开论述和研究。本专题计划在2020     

美凯纯 简便快速的微生物检测

微生物实时荧光光电检测技术是近年来新兴的细菌、霉菌、酵母菌快速检测技术。它将改进后的传统培养分离技术、染色技术、传感和荧光检测技术以及计算机控制的模块化技术合为一体,大大简化了传统微生物的检测方法,将检测时间从数天缩短为数小时。其代表产品BioLumix全自动实时微生物荧光光电检测系统正是基于上述技术推出的一种全自动检测系统。     

免疫磁珠分离技术在食源性致病菌检测中的应用

免疫磁珠(immunomagnetic beads, IMB)是一种均匀、具有超顺磁性及保护性壳的球形小粒子, 由载体微球和免疫配基结合而成。免疫磁珠分离技术(immunomagnetic beads separation techniques, IMBS)则是利用免疫磁珠上包被的特异性抗体与抗原发生亲和反应, 从复杂的样品中分离到目标抗原。再利用磁珠的磁响应性, 实现对目标抗原的富集。在食源性致病菌检测方面, 该技术通过与其他检测手段相结合而得到广泛应用, 具有灵敏度高、检测时间短、操作简单等优势。本文综述了免疫磁珠的结构特点、免疫磁珠分离技术的原理, 着重阐述了该技术在食源性致病菌检测方面的应用进展, 以期为免疫磁珠分离技术的广泛应用提供参考。     

Enhanced rapidity for qualitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatography strip test combined with immunomagnetic bead separation

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatography (ICG) strip test, and immunomagnetic bead separation (IMBS) system based on a monoclonal antibody were individually developed for the detection and isolation of Listeria monocytogenes in meat samples. The three methods showed a strong reaction with Listeria species and a weak reaction with Staphylococcus aureus. To increase the rapidity of L. monocytogenes detection, combinations of the ELISA and ICG strip test with the IMBS system (ELISA-IMBS and ICG-IMBS) were investigated. In comparative analyses of artificially inoculated meat and samples of processed meat, the ELISA and ICG strip test required 24 h of enrichment time to detect the inoculated meat samples with > or =1 X 10(2) CFU/10 g, whereas the ELISA-IMBS and ICG-IMBS required only 14 h of enrichment. Analyses of naturally contaminated meat samples (30 pork samples, 20 beef samples, 26 chicken samples, 20 fish samples, and 20 processed meat samples) performed by ELISA-IMBS, ICG-IMBS, and API kit produced similar results. The ELISA-IMBS and ICG-IMBS provide a more rapid assay than the individual ELISA and the ICG strip test and are appropriate for rapid and qualitative detection of L. monocytogenes (or Listeria species) in meat samples. With the ICG-IMBS, L. monocytogenes could be detected in meat samples within 15 h and the method has potential as a rapid, cost-effective on-site screening tool for the detection of L. monocytogenes in food samples and agricultural products at a minimum detection level of approximately 100 CFU/10 g.     

Methodology for detection and typing of foodborne microorganisms.

Over the past decade many improvements have been seen in both conventional and modern methods for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in foods. Modifications and automation of conventional methods in food microbiology include sample preparation, plating techniques, counting and identification test kits. ATP bioluminescence techniques are increasingly used for measuring the efficiency of cleaning surfaces and utensils. Cell counting methods, including flow cytometry and the direct epifluorescent filter technique are suitable techniques for rapid detection of microorganisms, especially in fluids. Automated systems based on impedimetry are able to screen high numbers of samples based on total bacterial counts within 1 day. Immunoassays in a wide range of formats make rapid detection of many pathogens possible. Recently, there have been important developments in the use of nucleic acid-based assays for the detection and subtyping of foodborne pathogens. The sensitivity of these methods has been significantly increased by the use of the polymerase chain reaction and other amplification techniques. Alternative and rapid methods must meet several requirements concerning accuracy, validation, speed, automation, sample matrix, etc. Both conventional and rapid methods are used within hazard analysis critical control point programs. Further improvements especially in immunoassays and genetic methods can be expected, including the use of biosensors and DNA chip technology.     

DNA-based methods for detection of food-borne bacterial pathogens

Food-borne diseases are mainly caused by pathogenic bacteria, which are transmitted to humans from the animal reservoir via food or which contaminates the food on the processing line. Detection of the pathogenic bacteria constitutes a challenge, as the bacteria are often present in low numbers, masked by the food matrix and outnumbered by high numbers of indigenous bacteria. Traditional detection methods, therefore, include enrichment and often pre-enrichment steps, which are time and labour consuming. Many different techniques have been developed to speed up detection of pathogenic bacteria and to increase the sensitivity of the detection. In the current paper, the state of the art for DNA-based detection methods are reviewed with a view to their limitations in relation to food microbiology.     

水产品中氯霉素残留检测方法研究进展

氯霉素是一类广泛用于水产养殖中的抗生素,杀菌广谱,但残留在水产品中会对人体健康造成严重损害。本文综述了氯霉素的检测方法,包括微生物法、免疫分析法、色谱分析法和其他方法,并对各种方法的特点进行了综述。微生物学法是根据氯霉素对微生物的生理机能、代谢的抑制作用,来定性和定量检测氯霉素,该方法灵敏度不高;酶联免疫法灵敏度高,重复性好,适合水产品中氯霉素筛选;高效液相色谱法检测水产品中氯霉素具有快速、准确、高效等特点;气相色谱法检测水产品中氯霉素灵敏度高、准确,适合水产品中氯霉素的检测;液相色谱-质谱串联法是水产品中氯霉素残留检测最主要的分析方法,具有分离度高、快速、准确的特点。最后对氯霉素药物残留检测方法发展趋势进行了展望。     

Conventional and emerging detection techniques for pathogenic bacteria in food science: A review

BackgroundContinuous transformation and development of new detection tools for bacteria has converted the laborious scientific work into smart apparatus in recent years. The journey had begun with the culture-based plate enumeration, and now it has evolved into several culture-independent techniques. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is on the top of the list that is now a routinely used biological approach to detect bacterial cells. Instrumental techniques are also helpful in this regard, as they are more sensitive for detection of various microbes.Scope and approachIn this review, we described new trends and their practical application in the fields of detection microbiology and food technology. This study provides a brief overview of conventional and modern detection techniques which includes nucleic-acid sequence based techniques to non-destructive imaging techniques.Key findings and conclusionsBesides the availability of antibiotics and clinical treatments, bacterial infections significantly increase the mortality rate. It is necessary to detect apparent infectious agents beforehand. Therefore, the detection methods for microorganisms should be more rapid, smart and reliable in response to the need. Conventional detection techniques are slow and time-consuming but more accurate and reliable than the modern detection techniques. By combing the mentioned techniques, scientists can achieve better results.     

Advanced molecular diagnostic techniques for detection of food-borne pathogens: Current applications and future challenges

The elimination of disease-causing microbes from the food supply is a primary goal and this review deals with the overall techniques available for detection of food-borne pathogens. Now-a-days conventional methods are replaced by advanced methods like Biosensors, Nucleic Acid-based Tests (NAT), and different PCR-based techniques used in molecular biology to identify specific pathogens. Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and pathogens are detected in contaminated food items that cause always diseases in human in any one or the other way. Identification of food-borne pathogens in a short period of time is still a challenge to the scientific field in general and food technology in particular. The low level of food contamination by major pathogens requires specific sensitive detection platforms and the present area of hot research looking forward to new nanomolecular techniques for nanomaterials, make them suitable for the development of assays with high sensitivity, response time, and portability. With the sound of these, we attempt to highlight a comprehensive overview about food-borne pathogen detection by rapid, sensitive, accurate, and cost affordable in situ analytical methods from conventional methods to recent molecular approaches for advanced food and microbiology research.     

牛乳中青霉素残留检测技术研究进展

牛乳中青霉素残留问题已引起食品安全管理部门和国际组织的广泛关注。介绍了检测牛乳中青霉素残留的3种方法:微生物检测法,免疫检测法,理化检测法。     

Rapid methods and automation in food microbiology: A review

Abstract

Rapid methods and automation in microbiology are dynamic fields and are constantly moving forward in helping to solve applied microbiology and food safety issues. This article is a review of the current development of this field in the areas of sample preparation, alternative methods for viable cell counts, new methods for estimation of microbial populations and biomass, and new and novel techniques. This article should be of interest to all scientists concerned with the current development of rapid methods and potential application of these techniques in their daily work. The article addresses the basic principles of rapid methods and specific applications of methods, and provides an updated reference list for further investigations by readers.