南阳地区生态条件对不同基因型烤烟品种烟叶化学成分和香气物质含量的影响

以10个烤烟品种为材料，在河南南阳烟区研究了不同基因型烤烟烤后烟叶化学成分和香气物质成分含量。结果表明：1）不同基因型中大多数常规化学成分如总糖、总氮、烟碱之间差异不太明显，而烟叶中化学比值如糖碱比、氮碱比差异较大；烟叶中钾含量则表现为云烟85、云烟87、NC89和中烟98较高，氯含量相对较低。2）品种间烟叶香气物质的种类基本相同，而香气物质的含量却有很大差异，如云烟85中苯甲醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇、香叶基丙酮、巨豆三烯酮、茄酮等醇类和酮类香气物质的含量较高，吲哚等杂环类物质含量较低；NC89品种中呋喃类化合物含量较高；中烟98中5-甲基-2-糠醛、吲哚、β-大马酮、巨豆三烯酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和新植二烯含量较高。3）云烟85、NC89和中烟98的总香气物质含量（新植二烯除外）较高，K326和9717中香气物质含量较低，其它烤烟品种居中。4）综合分析认为，云烟85、NC89和中烟983个品种总体烟叶质量表现较好，适宜在南阳烟区推广种植。     

文冠果茶与文冠果金花散茶的香气分析

目的分析文冠果茶与文冠果金花散茶的香气成分。方法采用同时蒸馏萃取法(simultaneous distillationandextraction,SDE)提取香气物质,用气相色谱-质谱(gaschromatography-massspectrometry,GC-MS)测定各香气成分,并分析各成分的相对含量及其差异。结果 2者香气物质丰富,分别有123和118种;文冠果茶中以醇类、醛类和酮类为主要香气成分,其相对含量达到了总香气物质的84.65%,其中含量较高的组分是α-松油醇、反,反-2, 4庚二烯醛、香叶基丙酮及6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮等;文冠果金花散茶以醛类和酮类为主要香气物质,其相对含量达到了总香气物质的51.98%,其次是醇类和酸类,且醇类明显减少,而醛类和酸类明显增加,其含量最高的组分是反,反-2, 4庚二烯醛等烯醛类物质,对菌花香有积极作用。结论工艺的差异会形成不同风味的文冠果茶。     

鲜烟叶与烟花同烤对烤后烟叶质量的影响

为探讨烤烟烘烤调香新技术，采用“鲜烟叶+鲜烟花蕾同烤”(叶花同烤)与常规烘烤两种烘烤方法，比较烤后烟叶经济性状、外观质量、感官质量、常规化学成分含量和致香物质含量。结果表明，叶花同烤对烟叶经济性状、外观质量和常规化学成分影响较小，对感官质量和致香物质的含量影响较大。与常规烘烤相比，叶花同烤烤后烟上等烟比例提高了3.26个百分点；感官质量得分提高了2.90分，其中香气质和香气量有所增加，杂气和余味有所减少，且烟叶香韵风格有一定改善；叶内致香物质β-大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、茄酮、糠醛、5-甲基糠醛、β-环柠檬醛和3, 4-二甲基-2, 5-呋喃二酮的含量极显著增加；芳樟醇、香叶基丙酮、巨豆三烯酮类、3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮的含量显著增加。烤后烟花中上述致香物质含量显著减少。说明叶花同烤有增加烤后烟叶致香物质的作用。      

烤烟致香成分与香气质量的相关性分析

采用数据挖掘方法中的Wrapper特征提取法得到显著影响烤烟香气质量的关键指标,并与简单相关系数结论进行对比。结果表明,影响香型的主要是香叶基丙酮、戊酸、酸性总量、巨豆三烯酮、茄酮等20种致香成分;影响香气量的主要是香叶基丙酮、2-乙酰吡咯、四甲基吡嗪、苯甲醛、茄酮、异戊酸、β-大马酮等25种致香成分;影响香气质的主要是巨豆三烯酮、异戊酸、茄酮、中性总量、新植二烯、香叶基丙酮、法尼基丙酮、4-甲基戊酸、2-甲基吡嗪、β-大马酮、吡啶等18种致香成分。经过特征提取后所建立的致香成分与香气质量的模型性能有较大地提高,并且RBF神经网络模型比分段线性回归模型的预测精度更高。     

烤烟重要致香物质与评吸质量的相关性研究

为了研究致香物质含量与烤烟评吸质量的关系,采用简单相关分析、偏相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析对云南、福建和湖北烟区120个烤烟样品中的28种重要致香物质与评吸香气质、香气量、吃味、杂气、刺激性和评吸总分的关系进行了研究。结果表明,与评吸质量关系比较密切的致香物质有新植二烯、2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮(面包酮)、芳樟醇、巨豆三烯酮-3、二氢猕猴桃内酯、异佛尔酮、γ-丁内酯、α-松油醇、β-二氢大马酮、香叶基丙酮、2-乙酰吡咯、氧化沉香醇、苯甲醇、3-乙酰吡啶、吡咯、苯乙醇和香叶醇。偏相关和通径分析发现新植二烯、2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮(面包酮)、巨豆三烯酮-3、二氢猕猴桃内酯和芳樟醇对感官质量的直接影响较大,新植二烯表现为(极)显著的直接负相关性,其他物质表现为直接正相关性;而苯甲醛、β-紫罗兰酮、2-甲基-2-庚烯-6-酮、巨豆三烯酮(1、2、4)、吲哚、糠醇、糠醛、5-甲基糠醛等致香物质对评吸质量影响不大。     

不同采收成熟度烤后烟叶香气质量评价

以不同采收成熟度初烤烟叶为试验材料,采用感官评吸、电子鼻无损检测和气质联用法3种方式对烤后烟叶香气质量进行评价,分析不同处理烟叶的香气质量特征及主要致香成分的贡献,探索电子鼻评价烟叶香气质量的新方法。结果表明:7-8成黄采收的烤后烟叶评吸质量显著优于8-9成黄采收的烤后烟叶,但与6-7成黄采收处理无明显差异。气质联用法检测出的新植二烯含量与感官评吸结果吻合度较好,新植二烯可能对整体香气质量起主导作用。类胡萝卜素降解产物中的5,6-环氧紫罗兰酮、2-甲基-2-庚烯-6-酮和异佛尔酮,苯丙氨酸类降解产物中的苯甲醛、苯甲醇和4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基苯酚,美拉德反应产物中的5-甲基糠醛、吡嗪、3-甲基-2-环戊烯-1-酮,其他类致香物质中的γ-丁内酯等致香物质可能是影响不同成熟度烤后烟叶香气质量的关键成分。电子鼻可以初步判定不同处理烤烟的整体香气质量,对不同样品鉴别度较高。电子鼻检测可以作为一种有效评价烟叶整体香气质量的方式辅助烟叶感官评吸,提高香气质量评价的可靠性。     

烤烟和白肋烟互换调制方法对烟叶中性香气物质含量及感官质量的影响

为探究调制方法对烟叶中性香气物质含量的影响,分别在四川达州和云南大理以白肋烟和烤烟为材料设置田间试验,成熟采收后同一品种分别以烘烤和晾制两种方式进行调制,进而比较中性香气物质含量及感官质量。结果表明:烤烟及白肋烟在烘烤和晾制两种调制方法下中性香气物质组分差异较小,而各组分含量及比例存在显著差异。晾制条件不利于烤烟特征香气物质及新植二烯的积累,但可显著提高烤烟棕色化反应产物总量及茄酮含量;烘烤条件不利于白肋烟茄酮、芳樟醇、香叶基丙酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、法尼基丙酮的积累,但有利于白肋烟新植二烯、脱氢β-紫罗兰酮、氧化异佛尔酮、巨豆三烯酮、螺岩兰草酮及芳香族氨基酸降解产物的积累。烤烟在晾制条件下烤烟风格、香气质和甜感下降,刺激性增加,而白肋烟在烘烤条件下香气质改善,刺激性减少,甜感增加,但白肋烟风格程度明显下降。     

中烟207及其亲本0953高香气性状的物质基础研究

为探讨中烟207高香气性状形成的物质基础，比较分析了中烟207及其亲本云烟85、0953的烤后烟叶致香物质种类和含量，并比较了与云烟85姊妹系品种云烟87的差异。结果表明，中烟207类胡萝卜素降解物β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、金合欢基丙酮、3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮、3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇、芳樟醇，美拉德反应产物5-甲基糠醛、2-正戊基呋喃、3-乙酰基吡啶、麦芽酚、吡喃酮，西柏烷降解物茄酮，以及苯丙氨酸降解物苯甲醇、苯乙醛、苯乙醇等15种成分含量高于云烟87，可能是其香气质好，香气量高的原因。0953中类胡萝卜素降解物、叶绿素降解物、美拉德反应产物、苯丙氨酸降解物总含量高于云烟85和云烟87，可能是其高香气特性的重要物质基础。云烟85和云烟87致香物质具有高度相似的特点。类胡萝卜素降解物、叶绿素降解物、苯丙氨酸降解物等香气物质含量相对较高可能是0953和中烟207高香气性状的共同物质基础。     

两种鲊辣椒发酵过程中香气特征及其差异分析

明晰发酵过程中二荆条鲊辣椒和牛角椒鲊辣椒的特征香气及其差异。采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱对2种鲊辣椒的香气物质进行定性定量分析,采用风味活度值分析其特征风味成分。结果表明,2种鲊辣椒总挥发性物质均在65种左右,主要香气成分是酯类和萜类,其共有的特征风味物质是丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、芳樟醇和2-甲氧基-3-异丁基吡嗪。二荆条鲊辣椒中独有的特征香气成分是β-紫罗兰酮,发酵45～60 d风味较佳。而牛角椒鲊辣椒独有的是2-甲基丁酸乙酯、β-月桂烯、(+)-柠檬烯和橙花叔醇,发酵30～60 d风味较佳。在发酵过程中,2种鲊辣椒挥发性物质总含量均先增加后减少,在发酵45 d时达到最大值,风味最佳。该研究对控制发酵时间和选择辣椒品种来获得不同鲊辣椒的最佳风味品质具有参考意义。     

云南与津巴布韦烤烟致香物质的相似性分析

采用了夹角余弦、主成分及偏最小二乘法等方法,分析了云南与津巴布韦烟叶的多酚、石油醚提取物、多元酸、高级脂肪酸和挥发性香气物质等致香物质含量的相似性。结果表明,云南烟叶与津巴布韦烟叶在主要致香物质方面已有较高的相似性,其中以中部烟叶的相似度最高;云南部分地区烟叶的致香物质与津巴布韦烟叶较为接近,但从细微来看,糠醇、5-甲基糠醛、西柏三烯二醇等致香物质含量在地区和部位间的变异较大,云南与津巴布韦烟叶在新植二烯、苹果酸、西柏三烯二醇、类胡萝卜素降解物、茄酮、柠檬酸和巨豆三烯酮等致香物质的含量方面存在较大差异。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific