产纤溶酶米曲霉的筛选及诱变育种

利用自己设计的筛选方法，从不同的酿造曲样中筛选出1株产纤溶酶酶活较高的米曲霉菌株SA-6，其产纤溶酶酶活为25U／mL。SA-6经过紫外线、^60Co和亚硝基胍诱变，筛选得到突变株NA-25，其产酶酶活为63U／mL，是出发菌株SA-6的2．52倍。突变株NA-25的发酵性状改变，其产纤溶酶的高峰比出发菌株迟了约10h。     

1株纤溶酶菌株的筛选鉴定及提高产酶量的方法研究

从齐齐哈尔市拜泉县的自酿农家豆酱制品中分离筛选出1株产纤溶酶菌株HDBF-DJ3,对其进行菌体、菌落、生理生化特征分析,并结合16S rDNA序列分析结果,鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌.经亚硝基胍诱变筛选得到突变株HDBF-DJ3N7,其纤溶酶活力为368.78 IU/mL,是出发菌株的2.1倍.对菌株HDBF-DJ3N7进行连续10代的培养,结果表明该突变株的高产纤溶酶特性能够稳定遗传.该菌株有望应用到生产领域.     

海洋源纤溶酶高产菌株的诱变育种及液体培养基优化

为获得纤溶酶高产菌株及其最优发酵条件,以海洋环境来源的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)H-A-03为出发菌株,经过~(60)Co辐射诱变获得了一株遗传稳定性好的纤溶酶高产菌株F8-C,其酶活力较出发菌株提高28.78%。采用统计学优化方法获得了组分更简单、用量更少、更利于菌株产酶的培养基:可溶性淀粉41.6g/L、黄豆粕粉26.2g/L、CaCl_2 1.0g/L,KH_2PO_42.0g/L。在此基础上,3L摇瓶放大试验结果显示,菌株F8-C的产酶量达到(3231±21)U/mL,较出发菌株H-A-3提高44.8%。结果表明利用~(60)Co辐射诱变育种,并采用统计学方法优化培养基,对于提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的产酶量是一种有效策略。该研究结果也将为下一步发酵罐扩大试验奠定基础。     

抗性筛选纤溶激酶菌株

以枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)为出发菌株经紫外线诱变处理，采用抗性筛选法，立接在梯度平根上挑取抗药性菌株进行初筛，然后经旋转式摇床300r／min、37℃发酵3d天，测定纤溶激酶产酶活力，再复筛，获得一株生产性能比出发菌株显著提高的突变株SS72，纤溶激酶酶活最高达到87lu／ml。     

豆豉溶栓酶产生菌株的诱变育种

以豆豉溶拴酶产生菌株蜡状芽胞杆菌DC-101为出发菌株，通过微波和紫外线对该菌株的联合诱变作用，得到一株遗传稳定性较好的高产菌株DC．301，其产酶能力是出发菌株的2．67。     

产纤溶酶菌株根霉12~#的诱变育种及固态发酵培养基的优化

以产纤溶酶的菌株根霉 12 # 为出发菌株 ,对其进行紫外线 氯化锂复合诱变 ,筛选到74株制霉素抗性突变株。所有抗性突变株经进一步固态发酵筛选 ,获得了 4株稳定高产纤溶酶的正突变株 ,其纤溶酶产量分别比出发菌株提高 3 2 9%、2 1 5 %、2 2 3 %和 18 0 %。以其中的 1株为菌种 ,研究了固态发酵产生纤溶酶的培养基组成。采用单因素试验、均匀设计方法对固态发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、碳氮比、初始pH、加水量、无机盐加量进行了优化。结果表明 ,实验范围内根霉 12 # 固态发酵产生纤溶酶的适宜培养基组成为 :m (麸皮 )∶m (豆粕 )=1∶2 ,初始 pH5 0 ,加水量 0 75mL/g物料 ,MnSO4·H2 O和 (NH4) 2 SO4加量分别为 0 2 5 %和1 42 % (对物料 )。优化条件下的固态发酵纤溶酶产量平均达 744 5 7U/g物料。     

产纤溶酶的米曲霉筛选及测定方法的研究

利用平板透明圈法作为初筛方法，从不同的酿造曲样中筛选出1株产纤溶酶酶活较高的米曲霉菌株SA-6，其产纤溶酶酶活为25U／mL。通过比较发现，可以用自制纤维蛋白代替纤维蛋白原和尿激酶测定发酵液的纤溶酶酶活，在大通量的菌株筛选过程中可以节省大量费用。     

高产纤溶酶菌株筛选及发酵鹰嘴豆培养基优化

从大豆发酵物中分离出一株高产纤溶酶的菌株,经API实验及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。并对该菌株发酵产生的纤溶酶性质进行了初步研究,表明该菌株产生的纤溶酶为碱性丝氨酸金属蛋白酶,并且具有直接水解纤维蛋白和激活纤溶酶原的作用,为一种新型的纤溶酶。同时,为了提高鹰嘴豆的经济价值,首次采用液态发酵方法利用筛选得到的菌株发酵鹰嘴豆产纤溶酶,通过Plackett-Burman设计和响应面结合的方法,确定其最优培养基组分(质量浓度)为:蔗糖50.0 g/L,鹰嘴豆34.85 g/L,氯化钙0.42 g/L,硫酸镁0.35 g/L,磷酸氢二钾5.00 g/L,磷酸二氢钾6.00 g/L。优化后枯草芽孢杆菌发酵鹰嘴豆产纤溶酶活力为3210U/mL,比基础培养基提高了2.01倍。     

产豆豉纤溶酶高产菌株的筛选及诱变育种

从豆豉中筛选出1株产纤溶酶的菌株DC33，鉴定为芽孢杆菌属，经过紫外线、^60Co、硫酸二乙酯（DES）、亚硝基呱（NTG）诱变筛选得到突变株DCDU7，其产酶活力为644．77U／mL，是出发菌株的2．4倍。对DCDU7菌株进行了10代的培养，结果表明该突变株具有稳定的遗传性能。     

水豆豉中高产豆豉纤溶酶的菌株筛选、鉴定及生长性能研究

采用平板法初筛,从市售水豆豉分离细菌中筛选得到6株具有高产蛋白酶、淀粉酶和豆豉纤溶酶的菌株;经化学法复筛,获得1株高产豆豉纤溶酶菌株B61。对B61菌株进行形态学、生理生化特性鉴定及16SrDNA同源性分析,最后鉴定为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),且该菌株在生长16h后检测到最高豆豉纤溶酶活力(826.25IU/mL)。该研究丰富了豆豉纤溶酶产生菌的菌种资源,并为其后续相关研究提供了理论依据。     

Fibrinolytic enzyme from newly isolated marine bacterium Bacillus subtilis ICTF-1: media optimization, purification and characterization

Fibrinolytic enzymes are important in treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The present work reports isolation, screening and identification of marine cultures for production of fibrinolytic enzymes. A potent fibrinolytic enzyme-producing bacterium was isolated from marine niches and identified as Bacillus subtilis ICTF-1 on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical properties. Further, media optimization using L(18)-orthogonal array method resulted in enhanced production of fibrinolytic enzyme (8814 U/mL) which was 2.6 fold higher than in unoptimized medium (3420 U/mL). In vitro assays revealed that the enzyme could catalyze blood clot lysis effectively, indicating that this enzyme could be a useful thrombolytic agent. A fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the culture supernatant to homogeneity by three step procedures with a 34.42-fold increase in specific activity and 7.5% recovery. This purified fibrinolytic enzyme had molecular mass of 28 kDa, optimal temperature and pH at 50 °C and 9, respectively. It was stable at pH 5.0-11.0 and temperature of 25-37 °C. The enzyme activity was activated by Ca(2+) and obviously inhibited by Zn(2+), Fe(3)(+), Hg(2+) and PMSF. The purified fibrinolytic enzyme showed high stability towards various surfactants and was relatively stable towards oxidizing agent. Considering these properties purified fibrinolytic enzyme also finds potential application in laundry detergents in addition to thrombolytic agent. The gene encoding fibrinolytic enzyme was isolated and its DNA sequence was determined. Compared the full DNA sequence with those in NCBI, it was considered to be a subtilisin like serine-protease.     

海洋纤溶酶高产菌株的选育及产酶条件优化

以海洋枯草芽孢杆菌FA-7为出发菌株,经紫外诱变获得一株遗传稳定性良好的高产纤溶酶菌株Y-22,并对该菌株的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化,确定菌株Y-22的最佳产酶条件为可溶性淀粉4％,黄豆粕粉2．5％,CaCl20．025％,MgSO4·7H：00．35％,吐温-80O．15％;接种量4％,装液量50mt：250mL,初始pH值为5．5,发酵温度30℃,180r／min振荡培养96h。在此条件下,菌株Y-22的发酵液粗酶酶活为（910±11．3）1U／mL,是出发菌株的3．05倍。     

纳豆激酶的纯化及性质研究

从固态发酵培养的纳豆中提取纳豆激酶 ,采用盐析、疏水层析、离子交换层析等方法 ,对提取液进行纳豆激酶的分离纯化。经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定 ,活性酶蛋白为单一组分 ,并测得其分子质量为 2 8ku。纳豆激酶在pH5 0～ 1 0 0 ,4～ 3 7℃范围内具有较好的稳定性 ,其纤溶活性可被 0 1mmol/L的PMSF完全抑制。体外溶栓实验表明 ,纳豆激酶为纤溶酶而不是纤溶酶原激活剂。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌产纤溶酶的19 L发酵罐实验及其酶学性质

在摇瓶实验的基础上,对解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens）GZJSI-12-7产纤溶酶最佳条件进行19 L发酵罐实验,结果表明：GZJSI-12-7在发酵罐中培养6 h时开始产纤溶酶,78 h后纤溶酶产量基本稳定,达到4 178.39 IU/mL,产酶高峰比摇瓶发酵提前12 h左右。将发酵液经离心除菌、硫酸铵分级盐析、透析除盐、SephadexG-75凝胶过滤,得到纤溶酶的纯化倍数为9.84 倍,酶活力回收率为42.52%,比活力为48 073.193 IU/mg。对纤溶酶的酶学性质研究表明,该酶的分子质量约为30.2 kD,最适温度和pH值分别为40 ℃、7.5;在40 ℃以下酶的稳定性良好,超过50 ℃后酶活力迅速降低,耐热性较差;金属离子Mg2+、Ca2+、Mn2+对纤溶酶活性均有较强的激活作用,而Cu2+和Fe3+对酶活性具有明显的抑制作用。     

解淀粉杆菌DC-12产纤溶酶发酵条件的优化

用响应面法对产纤溶酶的解淀粉芽孢杆菌D-12的发酵条件进行了优化。首先通过单因素实验考察了各因素对产酶的影响,后在此基础上采用Plackett-Burman设计得出发酵时间、糊精浓度、细菌学蛋白胨浓度三个最重要的影响因素,接着通过最陡爬坡实验逼近酶活的最高区域,然后通过中心组合设计实验对显著因素进行优化,最后响应面法进行分析,得到的最佳发酵条件为:细菌学蛋白胨浓度2.25%,糊精浓度2.65%,发酵时间45 h。在此条件下,酶活为96.340 IU/mL。验证实验所得酶活为98.947 IU/mL,因此本优化工艺结果比较可靠。     

Purification, characterization, and steady-state kinetics of a meta-cleavage compound hydrolase from Pseudomonas fluorescens IPO1

2-Hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoate (6-isopropyl-HODA) hydrolase (CumD), an enzyme of the cumene biodegradation pathway encoded by the cumD gene of Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01, was purified to homogeneity from an overexpressing Escherichia coli strain. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel filtration demonstrated that it is a dimeric enzyme with a subunit molecular mass of 32 kDa. The pH optima for activity and stability were 8.0 and 7.0-9.0, respectively. The enzyme exhibited a biphasic Arrhenius plot of catalysis with two characteristic energies of activation with a break point at 20 degrees C. The enzyme has a K(m) of 7.3 microM and a k(cat) of 21 s(-1) for 6-isopropyl-HODA (150 mM phosphate, pH 7.5, 25 degrees C), and its substrate specificity covers larger C6 substituents compared with another monoalkylbenzene hydrolase, TodR Unlike TodF, CumD could slightly hydrolyze 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (6-phenyl-HODA). A mutant enzyme as to a putative active site residue, S103A, had 10(5)-fold lower activity than that of the wild-type enzyme.     

Growth of an extracellular proteinase-deficient strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on milk and milk proteins

An extracellular proteinase-and lipase-deficient mutant of a psychrotroph, Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 32A, has been isolated and the absence of the proteinase enzyme confirmed by growth on differential media, enzyme assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Competition between the parent and the mutant was observed when equal numbers of the 2 strains were inoculated together into raw skim-milk at 6 degrees C. Bitterness was detected at 6 degrees C in pasteurized skim-milk inoculated with the parent cells concurrent with the detection of proteolytic activity. In the case of the mutant, slight bitterness which did not increase with increasing cell numbers was detected in the absence of proteolysis. Mutant cells failed to grow on Na caseinate as the sole source of carbon. It was concluded that the extracellular proteinase, while not essential for growth in milk, does provide a selective advantage to the producer organism. This enzyme is, however, essential for growth on milk proteins and contributes to the development of bitterness in pasteurized milk.