米糠稳定化方法的研究现状

米糠稳定化处理的意义在于使米糠品质稳定，提高储藏性。稳定化处理的方法有化学稳定法和物理稳定法，物理稳定又分低温储藏、辐射处理、热处理、微波和挤压膨化，微波稳定法由于自身独特的优点使其应用前景十分广阔。     

米糠膨化浸出技术的应用

米糠中解酯酶和脂肪氧化酶的存在,使米糠的储运、保鲜十分困难,挤压膨化法是对米糠进行杀酵保鲜的有效方法.通过对米糠的组成与特性的分析和研究,着重介绍了米糠膨化的目的、作用;膨化机的操作方法和操作技巧;干式膨化和湿式膨化的优缺点;米糠膨化料浸出的工艺技术和操作方法.     

米糠膨化浸出技术的应用

米糠中解酯酶和脂肪氧化酶的存在，使米糠的储运、保鲜十分困难，挤压膨化法是对米糠进行杀酵保鲜的有效方法。通过对米糠的组成与特性的分析和研究，着重介绍了米糠膨化的目的、作用；膨化机的操作方法和操作技巧；干式膨化和湿式膨化的优缺点；米糠膨化料浸出的工艺技术和操作方法。     

米糠膨化

由于米糠中含有极其活泼的解脂酶,致使米糠在贮运、制油过程中易发生劣变,大大地限制了米糠制油的发展。米糠膨化,不仅解决了防止米糠酸败、稳定米糠品质问题,而且起到了传统油脂加工工艺中轧胚、蒸沙所要达到的破坏细胞,蛋白质变性、传质、传热,降低油脂粘度,使大量油脂由结合态变为游离态,以利于制油的目的。分析了影响米糠酸败变质的主要因素,阐述了米糠膨化目的和在生产过程中影响米糠膨化的诸多条件以及膨化前后米糠的物性变化;简要介绍了国内外几种米糠膨化设备的主要技术经济指标。     

米糠挤压膨化对其毛油品质及脱色效果的影响

对膨化米糠和未膨化米糠进行浸出取油,之后对浸出毛油进行吸附脱色,通过对两种毛油品质及脱色效果的比较,考察米糠挤压膨化对其毛油品质及脱色效果的影响。结果显示:米糠膨化后其浸出毛油酸值较未膨化米糠明显降低、维生素E含量稍有降低、谷维素含量有所升高,色泽明显加深。对两种毛油进行吸附脱色,白土添加量为2%、4%、6%时,未膨化米糠较膨化米糠的毛油脱色率平均高出9.47%。由此可知,挤压膨化处理能使米糠浸出毛油色泽加深且新生色素较难脱除。膨化米糠在高温高湿(50℃,75%湿度)条件下储存60 d后,米糠浸出毛油的酸值由7.5 mg KOH/g升高至32.64 mg KOH/g,色泽加深,维生素E含量明显降低,对其进行吸附脱色,其脱色率较新鲜膨化米糠浸出毛油脱色率降低28%~34%。可知,米糠经膨化后虽然稳定性得到提高,但不良储存条件仍然会造成毛油酸值升高、色泽加深且难以脱除。     

不同制粉方式制得的糙米粉性质及糙米米线品质研究

比较挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉、未处理米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉的糊化特性、水合特性与热特性,并将三种糙米粉制作为糙米米线后对其蒸煮品质、质构特性、结晶特性以及感官品质进行研究。结果表明,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉与未处理米糠回添法糙米粉的回生值分别比全粉碎法糙米粉高14.2%与27.8%;未处理米糠回添法糙米粉的水溶性指数最高,比挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉分别高104.0%与99.7%。糙米米线品质方面,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉制得的糙米米线蒸煮损失率最低,质构特性表明其硬度最大,且具有较好的咀嚼性与回复性;另外,挤压膨化米糠回添法糙米粉制得的糙米米线感官评价总分最高,较未处理米糠回添法糙米粉与全粉碎法糙米粉制得的糙米米线分别提高13.9%与19.2%。     

化学法稳定米糠的研究

探索了化学稳定法抑制米糠中脂肪酶活性的有效性。研究发现，添加２％焦亚硫酸钠的米糠在夏季气候条件下贮藏一个月后，游离脂肪酸含量不超过１％，与稳定米糠挤压蒸法的效果相似。     

米糠膨化浸出工艺的研究与实践

米糠是稻米加工中的副产品，主要成分为糖类、脂肪和蛋白质，此外还含有较多的灰分和维生素。通常在10％～20％。新鲜米糠若不及时进行保鲜处理，不出半个月，油分将分解殆尽。因此，米糠应趁鲜取油。不能趁鲜取油的，应及时对米糠进行保鲜处理，以钝化酶类的作用。米糠保鲜的方法包括干法加热、湿法加热和挤压膨化等多种方法。其中，挤压膨化法不仅可以稳定米糠，     

不同处理方法对米糠稳定化的影响比较研究

以化学法、间歇式微波法和连续式隧道微波法处理新鲜米糠,通过室温下4周储藏试验,比较不同处理方法对米糠储藏过程中酸值的影响。结果表明,不同处理方法均能有效延缓米糠变质,其中连续式隧道微波法效果最为显著。     

化学法稳定米糠的研究

探索了化学稳定法抑制米糠中脂肪酶活性的有效性。研究发现，添加２％焦亚硫酸钠的米糠在夏季气候条件下贮藏一个月后，游离脂肪酸含量不超过１％，与稳定米糠挤压蒸煮法的效果相似。但在防止米糠中维生素Ｅ氧化方面，添加２％焦亚硫酸钠比挤压蒸煮法更有效。因此，应用这种简便易行的稳定方法，米糠在一个月贮藏期内仍可生产出得率高、酸价低的高质量食用油。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.