基于对偶范数低秩分解的织物疵点检测方法

研究一种基于对偶范数低秩分解模型的模式织物疵点检测方法。通过Log-Gabor滤波器提取织物图像的纹理特征,进而构造高度低秩的特征矩阵;采用基于对偶范数的低秩分解模型将特征矩阵分为低秩部分(背景)与非低秩部分(疵点),采用核范数的对偶范数作为正则项来替代原有低秩分解模型中的"稀疏"约束,使背景和疵点的相关度最小,从而实现疵点的有效分离;最后采用改进的自适应阈值算法对由非低秩部分生成的显著图进行分割,从而定位出疵点区域。认为:该算法具有较高的检测率及鲁棒性,且优于现有的疵点检测方法。     

应用方向梯度直方图和低秩分解的织物疵点检测算法

织物疵点检测是织物表面质量控制的关键环节。基于方向梯度直方图(HOG)和低秩分解,提出一种有效的织物疵点检测算法。首先,将织物图像划分为大小相同的图像块,提取每个图像块的HOG特征,并将图像块特征组成特征矩阵,针对特征矩阵构建有效的低秩分解模型,通过方向交替方法(ADM)优化求解,生成低秩阵和稀疏阵;最后采用改进最优阈值分割算法对由稀疏阵生成的显著图进行分割,从而定位出疵点区域。实验结果表明,低秩分解能有效实现织物疵点的快速分离,与已有方法进行对比,本文方法能显著提高复杂织物纹理图像的疵点检测性能。     

基于Frangi滤波器的织物疵点检测方法

提出了一种基于Frangi滤波器的织物疵点检测方法。该算法首先对样本织物图像进行均值下采样处理,淡化和消除背景纹理对织物疵点检测的影响,然后将均值下采样处理后的图像经Frangi滤波器进行滤波,从而增强织物疵点部分以利于疵点的分割,最后对Frangi滤波后的图像进行阈值分割,分割出织物疵点部分。采用该算法对6种纹理织物进行处理,检测出26种疵点,92%的疵点能被准确的检测和定位,误报率为8%,检测效果较好。     

基于稀疏优化的织物疵点检测算法

为提高稀疏表示方法对织物疵点的检测精度,提出了基于稀疏优化的织物疵点检测算法。首先,利用L1范数最小化从待检织物图像中学习出自适应字典库,用该库对织物图像稀疏表示,进而计算出稀疏表示系数矩阵;然后,对系数矩阵进行优化处理,采用字典库及优化系数矩阵对织物图像稀疏重构;最后,将重构图像与待检织物图像相减生成残差图像,用最大熵阈值方法对残差图像分割,定位出疵点区域。实验结果表明,本文算法所重构图像准确表示了正常织物纹理,相比已有检测方法具有较高的疵点检测精度。     

改进型奇异值分解在织物疵点检测上的应用

为了识别不同织物表面多种类型的疵点,提出了一种基于矩阵奇异值分解（SVD）的疵点检测方法。首先采用自适应分割技术提取织物图像中包含疵点的感兴趣区域（ROI）,其次将包含疵点的ROI部分继续分割成若干小的不重叠的子图像,并对子图像进行奇异值分解。由于奇异值与织物图像的能量信息相关,通过去除表征织物纹理背景能量的奇异值,以余下的奇异值重组子图像,从而增加疵点区域与纹理背景的能量差异。最后再对ROI区域进行复原时,会出现子图像重构过程不完全连接的情况,采用二值化阈值处理可以消除影响,完成检测目的。实验证明,所提出的改进型奇异值分解技术,耗时短,效率高,对于选取的7种纹理结构不同的织物中大多数疵点,都能够识别其形状和位置。     

基于二维经验模态分解算法的织物疵点自动检测

为解决织物疵点检测工序中存在的耗时性问题,提出一种基于二维经验模态分解(EMD)的多方向自适应检测方法.通过Delaunay三角分割、径向基函数插值与二维三次样条插值等方法实现二维EMD算法,用该方法将织物灰度图像分解为一系列子图像,选取包含疵点信息的子图像进行融合,最后通过阈值化来识别织物图像中的疵点.借助于工业线阵...     

基于支撑矢量机的织物疵点识别算法

为了使用机器对织物疵点进行有效地检测和分类,提出了基于直方图统计和支撑矢量机的织物疵点识别算法。该算法运用直方图统计的方法,由概率统计生成直方波形,基于波形特征参数对比能准确定位织物纹理结构的异常位置,正确识别织物疵点,并将其作为支撑矢量机的输入参数,用于训练特征样本集,以获得支撑矢量,对待识对象进行识别,得到识别结果,在识别结果中寻找最优匹配,将待识图像归入最匹配类中。实验结果表明,该算法用于织物疵点检测是可行、有效的,可得到满意的识别结果。     

基于小波分析与纹理能量变换的织物疵点检测

为了准确检测织物疵点,将含疵点织物图像进行二维小波分解,在小波分解后的经向和纬向子图上将图像分成大小相同的矩形局部重叠窗口,对矩形窗口进行laws纹理能量变换,并将变换结果与给定的阈值进行比较,进而检测和识别出疵点.试验证明,该方法对素色织物的断经、缺纬具有快速、准确的检测效果,也可以检测双经、双纬等疵点.     

基于方向灰度积分曲线特征的织物疵点检测算法研究

针对于断纱、缺纱、穿错、粗纱等这类结构型织物疵点,由于其具有灰度跳变不明显、疵点面积小的特征在疵点检测过程中难以检测这一问题,本文结合织物图像自身的纹理特征及结构型疵点的方向性特征,创新性地提出基于方向灰度积分曲线特征的织物疵点检测方法,将二维织物图像的疵点检测转化为对一维灰度积分曲线特征的分类识别。该方法通过对输入的图像提取垂直水平方向灰度积分波形曲线,并对积分曲线提取了包括平均值、方差、能量等14个波形特征,然后利用可优化SVM分类算法对提取特征进行疵点判别。通过对漏针、断纱、并经、粗纱等疵点进行检测试验,结果表明,本文提出的疵点检测方法不仅对检测灰度跳变较小的结构型疵点具有较好的检测效果,检测准确率达到了94.34%,而且检测速度快,可以满足实时检测的速度要求。     

基于直方图统计的织物疵点识别算法

 提出运用织物图像的直线纹理特征 ,由概率统计生成直方图 ,有效地提取织物图像的特征波形 ,经大量检测试验证明特征波可靠稳定。基于波形特征参数对比能准确定位织物纹理结构的异常位置 ,正确识别织物疵点。为简化识别算法可引入阈值过滤 ,允许正常波形参数通过过滤 ,而记录异常波形变化 ,用过滤单一的正常纹理来识别类型复杂的织物疵点。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.