示波器探头的选择与校准

本文以常用的无源电压探头为例，论述了无源电压探头的工作原理，频率特性，探头的选择以及探头的正确使用方法和探头的校准。     

一种气垫式电磁超声探头的研究

针对接触式电磁超声探头磨损严重的问题，提出了一种气垫式电磁超声探头，这种探头具有无磨损、可在高温场合下工作等优点。理论分析及计算结果表明，气垫式电磁超声探头可以实现气膜厚度在0.1—0．3mm范围内探伤的要求。     

浅谈窑尾烟室气体分析仪的使用、常见故障及处理

介绍了气体分析仪在水泥窑尾烟室监测的使用过程，并介绍了分析仪取样探头、探头冷却水系统、探头吹扫气路系统、样气分析系统的结构；分析仪操作步骤、常见故障及处理措施。     

氧化锆测氧的数据处理方法

针对工业氧化锆测氧过程中存在的现场噪声复杂、探头老化快、不同探头特性具有离散性等不利因素，提出了一种新的数据处理方法，采用数字滤波、探头老化的软件补偿、特性曲线拟合等措施，有效地克服了以上缺点。     

超声波探头晶片材料的选择

叙述表征超声波探头晶片材料的一些主要性能指标、选用超声波探头晶片应遵循的基本原则，同时列举常用的一些适合制作超声波探头晶片的材料。     

五轴数控机床在机测量探头补偿技术研究

针对五轴数控机床在机测量技术中探头半径补偿中误差较大的问题，建立了探头半径补偿的数学模型，分析了在其测量过程中的预行程误差以及位姿误差等影响因素，采用微平面算法与探头测量出的结果相结合的方法拟合计算出补偿半径，实验证明，该算法对于探头半径补偿精度有着显著的提升，为在机测量软件的开发奠定了基础。     

RENISHAW探头在柔性制造系统中的应用

本文简述了探头结构和功能，并着重介绍了它的静、动态参数的校验原理和方法，还详细说明了探头在工件零点、外廓尺寸及在加工过程中的测量。     

提高氧探头使用寿命的措施

随着氧探头制造技术的不断进步，近年来渗碳炉气碳势的控制越来越多地采用了氧探头作为碳传感器。氧探头作为碳势控制技术关键的传感器部件，同其他类型的碳传感器，如露点仪、CO2红外仪及电阻探头等相比，具有反应速度快（响应时间≤1ms）、碳势控制精度高（±0．05％C）、准确性好、直接测量，以及不需要取气等诸多优点，因此广泛用于热处理渗碳、碳氮共渗、光亮淬火、光亮退火和光亮正火等，以及保护气氛下的吸热式、滴注式、氮基式和直生式气氛，适用于多用箱式炉、     

电容传感器的敏感探头

本文论述了电容传感器几种适用的敏感探头:圆筒内表面探头、圆柱外表面探头、平面探头、同轴圆柱探头的结构原理与电容量的计算方法,并指出各自的适用范围。     

光纤磁场传感器的磁场探头设计

光纤磁场传感器的探头是光纤磁场传感器中最关键的部分，它直接影响到传感器的测量精度。根据光纤传感器的测量要求和磁敏元件(磁光晶体：BiGd：YIG-Y3-x-yBixGdyFe3O12)的工作原理及特点，必须在光纤磁场传感器探头中产生线偏振光，同时为了在磁敏元件加入传感器探头后不至于增加固有损耗，故在探头两端使用了两个光纤准直器。介绍了在探头设计中，各部分的工作原理和结构特点。     

钴结壳水射流切削系统参数设计

为了避免刀具切削钴结壳时产生冲击载荷,提出了深海钴结壳水射流切削方法。采用仿真计算和实验测试研究了水射流系统参数与其切削性能的作用规律。仿真结果表明:水射流系统的工作压力、喷距和喷射角度是决定水射流切削能力的主要参数;其重要程度依次为工作压力、喷距和喷射角度;提高水射流系统工作压力是提高射流切削能力最有效的方法;在射流工作压力一定的情况下,为了提高射流的切削能力,射流的喷距宜小于4 mm(4倍喷嘴直径)内,射流的喷射角度约为13°。实验结果表明:提高射流的工作压力可以显著提高射流的切削能力,减小射流的喷距有助于提高射流的切削能力,射流的最优喷射角度约为13°。     

淬火油中含水的危害、检测和对策

油中含有水发是对淬火油正常工作的最大危害,也是造成火灾的隐患。但在实际生产中似乎并未引起人们的足够重视,不时发生质量事故和火灾事故。本文对油中含水造成的危害结合冷却曲线进行了分析,介绍了水分含量的定性和定量测量方法,就可能造成油中含水的原因进行了分析,并对需要采取的对策提出了建议。     

A novel water content sensor design and its application for in-situ water content measurement inside the flow channel of PEMFC

In-situ water content detection in proton exchange fuel cell (PEMFC) is of great importance to its water management. In this study, flexible thin film water content microsensor (WCMS) were fabricated and deployed for real-time measurement of water distribution inside the channel of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The effect of inserting WCMS on the cell performance was confirmed to be negligible. Besides, three WCMS were used to monitor the variation of water distribution in the upstream, midstream, and downstream of the flow channel, respectively. The experimental results show that the WCMS can efficiently detect the change of water content inside the fuel cell in real time. The co-occurrence phenomenon of water column clogging in the flow channel and degradation of cell performance were observed. This work provides a novel design of WCMS and its application on the water content distribution inside flow channel of fuel cells.     

纯水液压传动技术研究展望

由于纯水具有许多优点,纯水液压传动技术越来越受到人们的关注.文中详细论述和分析了纯水液压传动特点,指出了其主要研究内容及关键技术,并介绍了国内外的研究进展和展望.     

一体化水处理装置及其控制系统设计

相比传统水处理装置,一体化水处理装置因其占地小、能耗低、安装便捷等优点而具有一定的应用前景。采用双向旋流混凝、絮凝设计,通过改进动水模型和斜板结构,可有效提高处理能力,改善出水水质。针对对水处理设备主要故障,提出对重点部位、重要参数增设无线传感节点,构成无线监测预警系统以提高系统可靠性,降低故障率。试验结果表明,一体化水处理装置不仅可有效去除废水中的盐类和COD,而且出水水质大大提高。最终出水浊度小于(2~5)NTU,COD去除率为(50~75)%,达到了电力、化工等行业的循环冷却补给水的回用水水质要求。     

超高速弹丸斜侵彻水现象的试验研究

利用新型可调发射角立式二级轻气炮发射高超声速弹丸,基于光反射原理和光电二极管测量弹丸出口速度,采用脉冲火花光源和连续激光光源拍摄高速弹丸斜侵彻水流场的纹影和阴影图像。结果表明,对于锥柱（圆柱和圆锥组合体）弹丸,弹丸入水前,其头部产生斜激波,尾部羽流膨胀并产生斜激波系;弹丸入水时,其头部斜激波对气水界面几乎无影响;弹丸入水后,其头部和羽流斜激波在气水界面产生复杂反射,弹丸斜侵彻产生的水喷射和飞散非对称地分布在其轨迹两侧。圆柱弹丸受波阻较大且减速较快,发射管羽流越过弹丸并和气水界面率先作用,高温羽流也出现和弹丸侵彻类似的非对称水喷射和飞散。2种情况下,弹丸和水侵彻后均产生在水中传播的半球形激波,弹丸尾流出现空化区,较大的水阻力导致弹丸减速很快。弹丸羽流和气水界面产生的水激波较弱。     

恒温水加热器

本文介绍一种恒温加热器的设计与开发．系统以单片机为核心．可以适用于各种需要恒定温控的场合．数码管可以显示出水温温度和设置的水温参数．单片机能根据现场水箱的温度信号及上．下水位限信号，自动地控制其冷水阀的开启进行加水．控制加热器的开关得到恒温水。     

新型通水式供暖地板的通道组合优化与节能分析

新型通水式地板供暖系统是在拼接管槽内通低温热水,进行地面辐射供暖,供热效果较常规的盘管地板辐射供暖系统更好。但是,该通水式地板辐射供暖系统在我国还处于起步阶段,本次研究就通过详细的测试,对比处理测试数据,找出供暖效果最优的管道组合方式并对其节能性做出分析。     

Tribological and Mechanical Behaviour of Epoxy/Nanoclay Composites

Due to the nature and availability of nanoclay material, its application as reinforcement of composite materials is well justified. In this work, organo-montmorillonite filler with an epoxy resin matrix was characterised, regarding its mechanical and tribological behaviour. The influence of water ageing was analysed concerning its mechanical properties. Tribological tests were performed in dry and water lubricated environments. The mechanical properties of both the epoxy resin and composite specimens tend to decrease with water ageing. The negative influence of particle agglomeration was verified in the mechanical and tribological properties, especially with high content of filler material.     

Pitometry as a validation tool for water flow measurement in large diameter pipelines

Accurate measurement of water flow rates in large diameter pipelines is a challenge for water companies that need to produce, transport and distribute increasing quantities of water. To a large extent, this challenge results from the impossibility of recalibration of the flow meters within the periodicity established in the metrological regulations since the removal of a large size flow meter from its site of operation in the field and its transport to a calibration laboratory is in most cases technically and economically impracticable. Because of this scenario, this paper presents the pitometry technique as an interesting alternative to solve problems related to the validation of water flow measurements performed by flow measurement systems installed in large diameter conduits. The technique is based on the determination of the water flow rate by mapping the velocity profile of the water flow inside the pipe by means of Cole type Pitot tubes. The water flow rate is determined in a cross section of the pipe located near and in series to the flowmeter to be evaluated. Based on the results obtained in a great number of water flow measurements already performed by applying the pitometry technique in large diameter pipelines in the field, it is possible to conclude that this methodology is perfectly applicable in the validation of the performance of flow meters installed in these conduits solving satisfactorily the issues related to its operation.