马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器

为了简化光纤磁场与温度传感器的结构并提高传感器灵敏度,设计并制作了马赫-曾德尔干涉集成化的全光纤磁场与温度传感器。将单根光纤的马赫-曾德尔模间干涉结构和双臂马赫-曾德尔干涉结构结合:将总长度为1.2m的单模光纤部分制备成长度为2.7cm、锥腰直径为30.1μm的锥形微纳光纤,并得到了拉锥时间与锥腰直径的关系。将锥形微纳光纤放置尼龙槽内并包覆磁凝胶构成传感头,实现模间干涉的马赫-曾德尔磁场传感器;将磁场传感器通过两耦合比为50%∶50%的耦合器并联带有可调谐光衰减器的单模光纤形成马赫-曾德尔干涉的温度传感器。从理论上分析了光谱漂移对磁场和温度传感的特性关系,实验测得室温下磁场强度在25~50mT时,磁场传感的灵敏度为0.301 14nm/mT;在磁场强度为0,温度由25℃升高到30℃时,温度传感的灵敏度为0.518 86nm/℃。该传感器可广泛应用于电力系统放电检测、材料加工、安全监控等领域。     

双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪的温度特性

对适用于温度传感的双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪进行了研究,并通过将一根单模双芯光纤熔接在两根单模光纤之间,制得了双芯光纤马赫-曾德尔干涉仪型梳状滤波器.用干涉原理分别分析了该器件传输谱的自由空间谱宽与波长、双芯光纤的长度和两纤芯间的有效折射率差的关系,实验检测了它的温度特性.结果显示,随着温度的升高,该器件的传输谱发生红...     

基于错位偏移无芯光纤的高灵敏度湿度传感器北大核心CSCD

提出一种通过错位偏移拼接的高灵敏度光纤湿度传感器,使用无芯光纤进行错位结构熔接,形成马赫-曾德尔干涉结构。在结构的错位端面采用具有良好吸水性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为涂覆层材料,对传感器进行了理论与试验的研究。实验结果表明:所提出的传感器具有良好的折射率特性和湿度特性,灵敏度可达-77.4284 nm/RIU,此外涂覆PVA的传感器在测量湿度的同时提高光纤传感器的机械强度,使错位光纤传感器在工程应用中得以应用。     

光子晶体光纤传感器的研究进展

简要介绍了光子晶体光纤的基本结构、导光原理和主要特性.依据传感机理将光子晶体光纤传感器分为4类:吸收型光子晶体光纤传感器、荧光光子晶体光纤传感器、干涉型光子晶体光纤传感器、光子晶体光纤光栅传感器,分别对其工作原理、结构、特点和研究进展进行了讨论.     

FBG级联MZI的温度和酒精溶液浓度传感特性研究

为了测量白酒蒸馏过程中的温度和酒精溶度,制作了一种基于马赫曾德仪(MZI)与光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)级联的可同时测量温度和酒精溶液浓度的光纤传感器。FBG是利用飞秒激光逐线刻写的方式在单模光纤(SMF)中制作的周期为2.2μm,布拉格波长为1 591.21 nm,透射谱深度可达23 d B的4阶光纤布拉格光栅;MZI是将细芯光纤和SMF采用纤芯错位和锥腰扩大熔接技术制作的腔长为8.7 mm,对比度为28.5 d B的透射式光纤干涉传感器。基于多光束干涉理论对传感器的温度和酒精溶液浓度传感特性进行分析,利用MZI干涉波谷与FBG透射峰的灵敏度差异,结合灵敏度系数矩阵实现对温度和酒精溶液浓度的同时测量。实验中,传感器的酒精溶液浓度和温度灵敏度分别可达-41.37 pm/%和58.96 pm/℃。该传感结构在白酒酿造产业有潜在的应用前景。     

仿海豹胡须的等离子体共振传感器的设计与研究

以海豹胡须为仿生学原理,以新型马赫-曾德尔干涉(MZI)为基本原理,以偏芯熔接为构造方法,以光纤包层模和纤芯模对应力、折射率的敏感特性为研究机理设计并制作了一种可用于应力与折射率测量的新型光纤传感器,并对制作的传感器进行了性能研究与分析。实验结果表明:当外界施加的应力为0～500με时,该传感器的透射光谱随着应力的增加向短波方向偏移,经过计算可得传感器的应力灵敏度可达7.00 pm/με;当外界的折射率为1.332～1.398 RIU时(RIU为单位折射率),传感器的透射光谱随着溶液折射率的增大而向短波长方向偏移,经过计算得出的传感器的折射率灵敏度为55.223 nm/RIU,且均具有非常好的线性拟合效果。     

干涉型光纤水听器PGC零差解调技术研究与实现

通过严密的数学推导,对直接调制光源产生相位载波的马赫-曾德尔(Mach-Zehnder)干涉型光纤水听器调制解调技术进行了研究。在这一思想的指导下完成了相位载波(PGC)检测电路的硬件设计,给出了实验结果。     

新型多功能光纤传感器研究及应用

应用了基于马赫曾德干涉机构的新型光纤传感器,其优点为:结构灵巧,易于埋入待测结构内;灵敏度高,能感受到材料内部的微小变化;测量原理简单可靠,信号容易探测.这种传感器将可以检测应变、温度等参量,为工程结构的长期健康监测提供了强有力的保证.本文构建了一套光纤传感器检测系统,通过电测系统对其进行了标定,得到了干涉条纹移动数与应变之间的关系,并用其对典型试件受静态栽荷做了检测,结果与实际相符.此外应用该系统做了温度变化的标定与测量试验,同样结果较好.说明该光纤传感器在工程结构中的应用前景很好.     

基于光子波形发生器产生高效超宽带信号的研究

利用一个多功能光子波形发生器生成一组5.5GHz超宽带信号。多功能光子波形发生器由一个单级双驱动马赫曾德尔调制器及一段单模光纤组成,通过调节双驱动马赫曾德尔调制器的输入射频信号及直流偏置,以及单模光纤的色散,可以产生单峰脉冲、双峰脉冲和一个具有高功率谱效率的超宽带信号,产生的超宽带信号完全符合美国联邦通信委员会制定的室内通信辐射限制要求,普通的单峰脉冲和双峰脉冲的光功率谱效率分别可以达到0.1%和0.74%,经过变量特殊设置,可以产生一个高效的超宽带信号,其功率谱效率可以高达24.03%。这种超宽带信号发生器可以用于室内定位、室内通讯等领域。     

溶液浓度变化实时检测系统的设计

设计了一套基于DSP视频信号处理的浓度检测系统,用于实时动态监测溶液的二维浓度分布变化。利用马赫-曾德尔干涉仪检测溶液折射率变化,用CCD现场记录干涉条纹,最后用DSP实时处理干涉条纹视频图像以获取溶液浓度变化。介绍了系统的硬件框架以及视频信号处理算法。实验测试显示,该系统能对单一溶质溶液浓度变化进行实时定量检测;在多溶质条件下,通过分析主要溶质浓度的变化,能定量估算主要溶质的浓度变化。以铁在浓度为0.5mol/L的H2SO4溶液中、扫描速度为2mV·s-1的动电位极化实验为例,测得阳极活化区的电位为-0.428V时,电极/溶液界面处FeSO4的浓度峰值为(9.2±0.2)×10-3 mol/L。实验结果表明,该系统精度较高,稳定性好,能够对溶液浓度变化进行实时在线检测。     

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on a long period fiber grating inscribed in a photonic crystal fiber with an electric-arc discharge

A novel fiber sensor composed by two single mode fibers and long period fiber grating based on a photonic crystal fiber prepared by periodic discharge heating has been experimentally investigated to measure refractive index and temperature. A Mach-Zehnder interferometer was formed due to the presence of two fusion spliced collapsed regions in the photonic crystal fiber. The resonance dip and interference pattern were differently influenced by the ambient disturbance, so the dual-parameters were simultaneously measured by analyzing the characteristics of transmission spectrum. After the experimental measurements, refractive index and temperature sensitivities of 117.28?nm/RIU and ?86.29?pm/°C were realized. Therefore, the reported sensor with advantages of easy fabrication, simple structure, and small size has the potential for simultaneous refractive index and temperature measurements involving biochemical sensing applications.     

纤芯失配的光纤Mach-Zehnder折射率传感器

基于Mach-Zehnder干涉仪原理,利用光纤错位熔接技术设计并制作了一种单模光纤-多模光纤-单模光纤-错位熔接点-单模光纤结构的液体折射率传感器。传感器中的多模光纤和错位连接部分充当光耦合器;多模光纤在后面的单模光纤的纤芯和包层中激发出纤芯模和包层模,不同的模式有不同的模式折射率,经中间单模光纤传输到错位熔接点处时,不同模式光之间将产生光程差,经错位熔接点耦合成为导出光纤的纤芯模从而产生干涉。对该传感器输出的干涉光谱中干涉谷功率随外界溶液折射率变化的规律进行了理论分析和实验研究。结果表明：溶液折射率变化为1.358 9~1.392 2时,干涉谱中1 530 nm附近的干涉谷光功率与溶液折射率呈单调递增关系,可用于折射率的测量;折射率变化为1.372 0~1.392 2时,传感器响应曲线具有很好的线性度,线性拟合系数为0.998,对应的灵敏度为252.06 dB/RIU。该传感器制作简单、结构紧凑、成本低、灵敏度高,可用于生物医学领域液体折射率的实时测量。     

开环光子晶体光纤化学传感器的设计

为了提高低折射率化学物质监测的灵敏度,采用光子晶体光纤设计了一种在开环内镀有金薄膜的表面等离子体共振传感器。利用仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6系统地研究了开环半径、内部气孔大小、金属膜层厚度对该传感器灵敏度的影响。最终在2800～4700 nm的工作波段内设计出折射率检测范围为1.26～1.31的低折射率传感器。该传感器平均灵敏度高达22 500 nm/RIU,最高灵敏度达33 000 nm/RIU。在七氟醚、卤代醚、含氟有机物等低折射率物质检测方向具有较好的应用前景。     

High sensitivity all-fiber Sagnac interferometer temperature sensor using a selective ethanol-filled photonic crystal fiber

An all-fiber Sagnac temperature sensor based on 3?dB tapered coupling and ethanol selective-filled photonic crystal fiber was demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. The ethanol selectivity-filled photonic crystal fiber has noncircular symmetry and thus exhibits birefringence. The ethanol selective-filled photonic crystal fiber, acting as the sensing element, was inserted in a Sagnac loop interferometer to measure temperature. The output spectra of Sagnac interferometer applied different temperatures were measured and analyzed. Experimental results have shown the temperature sensitivity of the Sagnac interferometer is 1.65?nm/°C in the range of 25–33°C.     

Novel torsion sensor using a polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber loop mirror

A novel torsion sensor employing a short length of polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber was inserted into the fiber loop mirror with an output probe. The sensing scheme was described theoretically by a Jones matrix and experimentally demonstrated. The results showed that the sensitivity of the intensity loss in response to the twist angle may be up to 0.0394 dB/° and a resolution of 0.025° was achieved. This torsion sensor is attractive due to its compact size, insensitivity to temperature, and suitability for longer distance transmission than conventional sensors.     

Graphene-based optical fiber ammonia gas sensor

To precisely monitor and forecast harmful gases in the air, a high-performance fiber gas sensor based on graphene nanometer-functional materials is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensing area of the proposed sensor was a graphene-wrapped fiber which was cascaded between a down-taper and an up-taper. The graphene wrapping on the subuliform fiber sensing area substantially increased the evanescent field which transmits along the surface of fiber and will have a significant sensitization effect on the gas sensing. At the same time, the gas molecules adsorbed by graphene lead to changes of the effective refractive index of the composite waveguide, which causes corresponding wavelength drift and attenuation. By detecting the change of the output optical signal, the concentration of gas molecules was detected. Based on this principle, the sensor realized a gas sensitivity of 0.015?nm/ppm. The research shows that the sensing structure has the advantages of small volume, good mechanical strength, excellent spectral quality, and high sensitivity.     

Research on the fiber Bragg grating sensor for the shock stress measurement

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor with an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer for the shock stress measurement is proposed and demonstrated. An analysis relationship between the shock stress and the central reflection wavelength shift of the FBG is firstly derived. In this sensor, the optical path difference of the unbalanced Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer is ~3.1 mm and the length of the FBG is 2 mm. An arctangent function reduction method, which can avoid sine function's insensitive zone where the shock stress measurement has a reduced accuracy, is presented. A shock stress measurement of water driven by one stage gun (up to 1.4 GPa), with good theoretical accuracy (~10%), is launched.     

光纤傅里叶变换光谱术在光纤光栅传感解调中的应用

介绍了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的基本原理和光纤傅里叶变换光谱仪(FFTS)的结构;基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪,采用傅里叶变换光谱算法对光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长进行了解调。宽带光源发出的光经过光纤耦合器进入光纤Bragg光栅,其反射光由耦合器返回进入到FFTS中进行测量,FFTS的最高光谱分辨率达到0.05 cm-1,即在近红外1 550 nm波长处分辨率为0.012 nm。分别对光纤Bragg光栅的应变特性和温度特性进行了测量。测量显示:光纤Bragg光栅的应变灵敏度为0.833 pm/με,温度灵敏度为19.78 pm/℃。得到的结果表明FFTS系统具有高分辨率、大测量范围的特点,可满足光纤Bragg光栅传感器波长解调的需求。     

保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的光学游标效应及温度传感器

为了实现高灵敏度的温度传感,通过在基于保偏光纤Sagnac干涉仪的Sagnac环内增加一段保偏光纤,控制两段保偏光纤快轴熔接角度接近45°,设计并制造了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环结构。在理论上通过Jones矩阵推导了保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环的干涉谱公式,基于仿真分析研究了主要参数对保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出特性的影响。仿真结果表明,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环实现了光学游标效应,两段保偏光纤的平均长度、两段保偏光纤的长度差分别影响保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环输出干涉谱的波长间隔和包络周期;在实验中,将保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环应用在光纤温度传感器中。实验结果表明,在2cm的感温区域,保偏光纤转轴熔接Sagnac干涉环温度传感器的灵敏度就达到了-2.44nm/℃,是普通Sagnac干涉环温度传感器(-0.163nm/℃)的14.97倍。