lamb波在耐腐蚀高压容器衬里层无损检测中的应用研究

耐腐蚀高压容器衬里层的背侧裂纹是影响设备安全性的的重要因素之一.采用常规无损检测方法对其进行检测时常存在漏检、难检等问题,对容器的安全性造成很大的威胁.通过对lamb波传播特性的分析,对自行设计制作的8mm厚的316Mod尿素级不锈钢板的人工设计制作缺陷试块进行了lamb波探伤的实验研究,研究结果表明,lamb波探伤能够实现对耐腐蚀高压容器衬里背侧裂纹的快速检测.     

基于编码压缩的钢板电磁超声 Lamb 波检测方法研究

针对大型金属板材构件导波检测中EMAT分辨率低、SNR差,难以用于小裂纹检测等难题,建立了基于Barker码脉冲压缩技术的Lamb波EMAT检测过程多物理场有限元模型,以含预制裂纹的5.6 mm厚钢板为检测对象,仿真和实验相结合,研究了永磁体宽度和高度、曲折线圈匝数、Barker码序列长度和码元长度等参数对EMAT检测回波的影响,验证了脉冲压缩技术在Lamb波EMAT检测中的有益效果。结果表明,基于脉冲压缩技术的EMAT经优化后,SNR比传统tone-burst激励方式高出了9.69 dB,可检出10 mm长和0.5 mm深的小裂纹,缺陷波SNR为23.47 dB。当Barker码码元中心频率为1 MHz时,脉冲压缩后的Lamb波包发生模态分离,但A₀模态的缺陷波SNR仍可达35.23 dB,这对提升Lamb波EMAT检测能力具有重要的工程应用价值。     

双层钢板搭接区域内的裂纹缺陷检测仿真

以双层钢板搭接区域内裂纹缺陷为检测对象,考虑钢板包覆和焊缝包围对检测信号的影响,提出利用SH0模态导波对裂纹缺陷进行检测的方法。基于Comsol多物理场仿真平台,建立双层钢板搭接三维结构模型,并在搭接区域内构建不同长度裂纹缺陷。结果表明,检测波长为12.8 mm,裂纹缺陷长度为10 mm时,缺陷回波信号与无缺陷时噪声信号基本重叠,无法检测;裂纹缺陷的长度从10～40 mm变化时,裂纹缺陷越长,回波信号越明显;裂纹缺陷的计算位置与实际位置的误差为1.79%。研究为双层钢板搭接区域内缺陷在线检测提供理论依据。     

基于激光激励技术的结构损伤成像

采用了一种新型的损伤检测技术,利用激光脉冲在板类结构中产生热弹效应,激发出板中的导波（Lamb波）。通过分析Lamb波的传播状态与损伤之间的关系,并利用Morlet复数小波变换和频散补偿能量聚焦的方法,从两个不同的角度分析信号并提取信号特征,实现了对平板结构的快速、大面积检测。实验结果表明,该系统具有较高的测量精度,能较好地检测结构缺陷。     

螺旋波纹管导波检测技术的数值仿真和试验研究

为对螺旋波纹管进行缺陷检测,研究纵向模态超声导波在螺旋波纹管中的传播特性。在Abaqus仿真软件平台中构建螺旋波纹管的计算模型,得到含有环向裂纹缺陷时的仿真结果。在此基础上,采用自主研制的电磁声换能器进行试验研究。试验所用的激励信号为经Hanning窗调制的20个振荡周期的正弦脉冲,中心频率为240 kHz,采用单一传感器在螺旋波纹管中激励和接收L(0, 2)模态导波,实现对螺旋波纹管中人工裂纹缺陷的识别,分析并计算缺陷位置测量不确定度。有限元仿真和试验结果表明,超声导波技术可以实现对螺旋波纹管裂纹缺陷的检测。     

基于时间反转法的管道焊缝区缺陷检测研究

焊缝在整个管网系统中是比较薄弱的部分,在温度、压力、介质腐蚀和振动的影响下容易出现裂纹缺陷,对管道的安全运行产生危害,并且有的裂纹很小,通过超声导波不容易直接识别出来。对超声导波检测管道进行了研究,在分析了超声导波对焊缝小缺陷的检测后,提出了一种运用时间反转法基于L(0,2)模态超声导波进行数值模拟的方法,选择4%作为最小焊缝裂纹缺陷,对直管道单焊缝和直管道双焊缝进行数值模拟,并通过实验验证。数值模拟和实验结果表明该方法可以实现管道中焊缝缺陷的识别和定位。     

长距离超声导波技术及典型模拟缺陷检测

介绍了一套管道缺陷模拟试验系统,在一段直径210mm、长30000mm的试验管道上模拟了裂纹、穿孔和局部腐蚀三种缺陷。通过Teletest Focus长距离超声导波检测系统对其进行扫描检测,测试分析结果与缺陷的实际位置和大小可以很好的吻合。     

基于Lyapunov指数的非线性Lamb波的微裂纹检测

为了提高在背景噪声干扰下非线性Lamb对于结构微裂纹的检测精度,提出了利用Duffing振子和Lya-punov指数对噪声干扰下的非线性Lamb波特征进行增强与量化分析的方法。首先,采用了庞加莱图确定Duffing系统外策动力参数;其次,将周期延拓滤波后的非线性Lamb波输入调整好的Duffing系统中,对系统输出时间序列进行相空间重构,计算出相应的最大Lyapunov指数。通过多个模型数据的仿真分析结果表明,即使在噪声干扰情况下,Lyapunov指数与裂纹大小也存在着良好的线性关系。该方法对噪声干扰下的微裂纹缺陷识别具有明显的优势,对提高非线性Lamb波的检测灵敏度具有重要意义。     

基于单激发端多接收端压电阵列的板内损伤检测

基于超声导波技术研究了板状结构的损伤检测。理论分析了平板中Lamb波的传播特点;利用有限元耦合场模拟方法模拟了平板中Lamb波的传播及裂纹对Lamb波的影响;根据有限元模拟结果,分析了裂纹尺寸对Lamb波传播的影响;为检测损伤的位置,建立了单激发端多接收端的压电阵列;结合概率成像算法,建立了损伤分布场,该分布场的成像结果直观地反映了损伤的位置和严重程度。     

基于匹配追踪算法的超声导波管道轴向缺陷大小定量分析

超声导波技术因其单端激励、传播距离远,100%横截面检测等特点在长距离大范围结构的无损检测和健康监测中显示出良好的应用前景,但受制于理论及仪器技术目前基本只用于缺陷筛查,超声导波定量化检测技术尚未得到广泛研究和应用。针对导波检测中缺陷大小定量分析问题,提出一种基于匹配追踪算法的管道轴向缺陷大小定量分析方法。通过分析回波信号特性,合理选择字典分解出缺陷回波信号的两端面信号,并通过端面信号计算出轴向缺陷大小。通过有限元数值模拟以及利用MSGW磁致伸缩导波检测仪对人工刻伤的铝管进行算法验证试验,结果表明该算法的误差小于5%。     

316LN不锈钢低速率应变下的热变形行为

目前, 对316LN不锈钢在低速率应变下的热变形行为研究很少. 本文选用工业316LN不锈钢, 通过Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机进行了600-1 100 ℃温度下, 应变速率为3×10-3 s-1的热压缩试验, 得到了真应力-应变曲线. 通过分析真应力-应变曲线和试样的微观组织, 得到了如下结论: 1 000 ℃和稍高温度是适于低速率应变下316LN不锈钢加工的温度.     

Direct laser cladding of SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel

The present study concerns development of SiC dispersed (5 and 20 wt%) AISI 316L stainless steel metal-matrix composites by direct laser cladding with a high power diode laser and evaluation of its mechanical properties (microhardness and wear resistance). A defect free and homogeneous composite layer is formed under optimum processing condition. The microstructure consists of partially dissociated SiC, Cr₃C₂ and Fe₂Si in grain refined stainless steel matrix. The microhardness of the clad layer increases to a maximum of 340 VHN (for 5% SiC dispersed) and 800 VHN (for 20% SiC dispersed) as compared to 150 VHN of commercially available AISI 316L stainless steel. Direct laser clad SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel has shown an improved wear resistance against diamond surface with a maximum improvement in 20% SiC dispersed AISI 316L stainless steel. The mechanism of wear was predominantly abrasive in nature.     

不同环境介质下氧化铝陶瓷与耐蚀金属摩擦磨损行为

为优选海水淡化高压泵关键零部件耐磨性能材料,以Al_2O_3陶瓷与TC4钛合金、316不锈钢、2205双相不锈钢组成的配对摩擦副作为研究对象,利用立式万能摩擦磨损试验机开展干摩擦、纯水及海水3种环境介质下配对材料的摩擦磨损试验,定量得到各摩擦副摩擦因数、磨损量,并对摩擦试样的表面形貌进行分析;采用正交试验法分析载荷、转速、环境介质对摩擦因数和磨损量的影响规律。结果表明:在相同的条件下,TC4钛合金与陶瓷配副摩擦因数较小,2205双相不锈钢与陶瓷配副磨损量较小;环境介质对摩擦因数影响较大,载荷对磨损量的影响较大;海水环境下2205双相不锈钢和316不锈钢磨痕较浅,磨损机制为疲劳磨损、磨粒磨损和腐蚀磨损的交互作用。     

Influence of the field humiture environment on the mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel repaired with Fe314

The mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel repaired with Fe314 under different temperatures and humidities without inert gas protection were studied. Results indicated favorable compatibility between Fe314 and 316L stainless steel. The average yield strength, tensile strength, and sectional contraction percentage were higher in repaired samples than in 316L stainless steel, whereas the elongation rate was slightly lower. The different conditions of humiture environment on the repair sample exerted minimal influence on tensile and yield strengths. The Fe314 cladding layer was mainly composed of equiaxed grains and mixed with randomly oriented columnar crystal and tiny pores or impurities in the tissue. Results indicated that the hardness value of Fe314 cladding layer under different humiture environments ranged within 419–451.1 HV_0.2. The field humiture environment also showed minimal impact on the average hardness of Fe314 cladding layers. Furthermore, 316L stainless steel can be repaired through laser cladding by using Fe314 powder without inert gas protection under different temperatures and humidity environments.     

Comparison of radiation-induced segregation in ultrafine-grained and conventional 316 austenitic stainless steels

Due to a high number density of grain boundaries acting as point defect sinks, ultrafine-grained materials are expected to be more resistant to irradiation damage. In this context, ultrafine-grained 316 austenitic stainless steel samples have been fabricated by high pressure torsion. Their behavior under ion irradiation has been studied using atom probe tomography. Results are compared with those obtained in an ion irradiated conventional coarse-grained steel. The comparison shows that the effects of irradiation are limited and that intragranular and intergranular features are smaller in the ultrafine-grained alloy. Using cluster dynamic modeling, results are interpreted by a higher annihilation of point defects at grain boundaries in the ultrafine-grained steel.     

316L不锈钢管手工钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺

通过对316L不锈钢焊接性能的分析、手工钨极氩弧焊焊接过程的控制、焊后进行无损检测、晶间腐蚀、力学性能等项目的数据分析,焊接接头的机械性能和耐腐蚀性达到了工艺要求,保证了316L不锈钢管的焊接质量,为广大焊接工作者提供参考。     

Erosion–corrosion and corrosion properties of DLC coated low temperature gas-nitrided austenitic stainless steel

Low temperature nitriding of stainless steel leads to the formation of a surface zone of so-called expanded austenite, i.e. by dissolution of large amounts of nitrogen in solid solution. In the present work the possibility of using nitrogen expanded austenite “layers” obtained by gaseous nitriding of AISI 316 as substrate for DLC coatings are investigated. Corrosion and erosion–corrosion measurements were carried out on low temperature nitrided stainless steel AISI 316 and on low temperature nitrided stainless steel AISI 316 with a top layer of DLC. The combination of DLC and low temperature nitriding dramatically reduces the amount of erosion–corrosion of stainless steel under impingement of particles in a corrosive medium.     

Tribological Property of Selective Laser Melting–Processed 316L Stainless Steel against Filled PEEK under Water Lubrication

Abstract

As a 3D printing technology, selective laser melting has remarkable advantages such as high processing flexibility, high material utilization, and short production cycle. The applications of selective laser melting technology in industry have become quite extensive. There are many tribological studies on selective laser melting materials, but few based on water lubrication (Zhu, et al., Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A, 19(2), pp 95–110). In this article, the tribological properties of 316L stainless steel processed by selective laser melting and traditional methods have been studied under water lubrication. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) filled with carbon fiber (CF)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/graphite was selected as the counterpart. 316L stainless steel and PEEK are a tribopair commonly used in water hydraulics. This study is of great significance to the application of selective laser melting material of tribopairs in water hydraulics. Friction and wear tests were carried out on a pin-on-disc contact test apparatus under different operating conditions. The friction coefficient, specific wear coefficient, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the worn surface, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the surface adhesions of the three tribopairs were measured and compared. The results revealed that the friction coefficient of the selective laser melting (SLM) 316L stainless steel was significantly higher than that of traditionally processed (TP) 316L stainless steel, which might be caused by the pores on the surface of SLM 316L stainless steel. Adhesion and cutting on the surface of SLM 316L stainless steel were also more serious, resulting in a higher specific wear coefficient of its counterpart PEEK composite compared to PEEK composite against TP 316L stainless steel.     

ICP-MS法测定316H不锈钢中锌硒

采用5mL王水溶解试样,在最佳测量条件下,用标准曲线法建立校准曲线,通过基体匹配和内标校正相结合的方式消除基体效应,实现了ICP-MS法测定316H不锈钢中锌、硒的准确测定,各元素的相关系数均在0.999以上。将本方法用于实际样品的检测,测得结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为7.4%~10.6%,加标回收率在92%~110%之间,用本方法和氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测量实际样品和有证标准样品(纯镍IARM-190A),两种方法分析结果基本一致。将该方法应用于316H不锈钢中锌、硒的检测,满足日常生产检测需求。