细长结构风诱导振动非线性调谐质量阻尼器减振装置性能试验

风诱导振动导致石化塔设备和烟囱等细长结构疲劳破坏的事故时有发生,非线性调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)可对结构进行振动控制。为了研究此类非线性TMD的减振性能,对非线性TMD装置控制细长结构风诱导振动进行模型设计并开展试验研究,对比在不同激励大小和不同钢丝绳隔振器初始预紧量两个条件下TMD装置的减振效果。结果表明:含钢丝绳隔振器的非线性TMD装置在主系统共振区附近减振性能优良,振幅减小了85%左右。钢丝绳隔振器处于不同初始压缩预紧时,减振效果均很好,处于不同初始拉伸预紧时,减振效果快速下降。在隔振器压缩变形允许范围内,激励越大,减振效果越好。     

多模态振动控制系统参数优化研究

通过建立多自由度结构减振系统多模态控制的力学模型,研究了多重调谐质量阻尼器减振系统的参数优化及最优振动控制效果。首先根据多自由度系统的多模态控制的特点,导出了多自由度结构及减振系统的传递函数和动力放大系数。利用动力放大系数最小作为优化目标,对减振系统进行了参数优化研究,进而研究了单模态控制和多模态控制的最优振动控制效果。结合实例计算与分析表明,该方法具有适用性强和精度高的特点。     

一种控制梁振动用调谐阻尼器的优化方法

本文提出了一种连续梁等效计算方法,可使控制梁振动用调谐阻尼器的参数优化得到简化。应用此法优化设计的调谐阻尼器用来控制有梭织布机投梭棒的振动,取得了令人满意的降噪减振效果。     

调谐质量阻尼器参数优化及其应用

在分析调谐质量阻尼器（Toned Mass Dampers，简称TMD）减振原理以及TMD参数对主结构振动特性影响的基础上，得出了TMD参数优化的理论依据，进而采用改进的单纯形法计算出优化的TMD参数值，并通过在桥梁振动控制中的应用，说明了所得出的TMD优化参数对于小阻尼既有结构进行振动控制是非常有效的。     

ETMD系统减振参数研究

扩展的调谐质量阻尼器（ETMD）是一种新型的振动控制方法,其参数的取值影响减振控制效果。引入减振效果衡量系数R,在区间（0,1）之内R的取值越大表明ETMD的减振效果越明显,如果R取负值则表明ETMD系统不仅没有减振效果、反而增大了结构的反应。据此分析得出影响ETMD减振系统振动控制效果的3个参数,得到各参数与减振效果衡量系数的曲线图,研究了各参数的相互联系对减振效果的影响。建立海洋平台的有限元模型,选择合适ETMD的系统参数,在地震载荷作用下进行振动控制效果仿真,获取有ETMD减振系统和无ETMD减振系统情况下,海洋平台有限元模型节点的位移时程曲线。有限元分析表明,ETMD减振系统能够有效控制海洋平台在地震载荷作用下的振动。     

利用调谐质量阻尼器进行管路系统减振

对既成管系存在的振动进行了减振研究。考虑到既成管线增加额外支撑的困难,设计了可拆分的环形调谐质量阻尼器结构,建立管系实验装置并进行模拟计算。分析了在有、无调谐质量阻尼器时实验管系振动在时域和频域的情况,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,设计的调谐质量阻尼器可大幅减缓管系的稳态振动和快速衰减管系的瞬态振动,是一种有效、实用的管系减振手段。     

半主动电流控制阻尼器的调谐减振性能研究

随着建筑高度不断增加,低频振动严重影响其安全运行。被动式阻尼器仅在调谐点处具有良好的减振效果,存在减振带宽较窄的问题,磁性液体为解决这个问题提供了新的途径。以磁性液体为工作液体,提出一种半主动调谐式电流控制阻尼器。首先,建立了阻尼器固有频率的理论模型,表明通过调节电流可改变固有频率。其次,搭建测试平台,进行了不同激励下阻尼器的调谐减振能力测试。结果表明半主动电流控制阻尼器的减振率为22%左右,调谐液体滚球阻尼器的减振率仅为12.3%左右,且调谐液体滚球阻尼器与主结构的频率比>1.11时,减振率将低于10%,半主动电流控制阻尼器则具有良好的鲁棒性,可以有效降低位移响应,弥补了被动式阻尼器减振带宽较窄的不足。     

半主动TMD控制双跨轴系过临界振动的研究

针对多轴串联机械通过临界转速时振动过大的问题,对调谐质量阻尼器在双跨轴系振动控制中的应用进行了研究。并基于转子结构,设计了具有对称结构的笼式半主动调谐质量阻尼器用于控制轴系振动;搭建了双跨转子实验台,在不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式上,在两根轴上分别安装了调谐质量阻尼器,对调谐质量阻尼器对轴系各跨转子振动的影响规律进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,不可控调谐质量阻尼器可以有效抑制安装所在轴临界转速附近的振动,对相邻轴影响较小,但会引起新共振峰。根据此实验结果通过开关控制策略实现调谐质量阻尼器半主动控制,说明半主动调谐质量阻尼器可以在不停机的情况下,抑制转子轴系通过各阶临界转速时的振动,避免失谐。     

化工厂管道振动原因分析及控制

某塑料厂出料管路振动严重,为解决这一问题,采取有限元分析方法,计算了管系结构固有频率、气柱固有频率和瞬态冲击响应,再经过现场测量,结合理论计算结果,确定了管道振动原因,得出了相应的减振措施,并研究液压阻尼器和调谐质量阻尼器的选型和设计方法。对采取减振措施后的管路重新进行测量,结果表明改造措施有效,减振效果非常明显,达到了预期的减振效果。     

调谐质量阻尼器的减振研究

调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对各类结构的减振具有良好的效果,但也有其频率过于敏感而引起的局限性。本文从实际的高层结构到多自由度理论模型,对调谐质量阻尼器的减振做了深入研究,结果表明TMD系统的减振效果非常明显。当TMD系统无阻尼时,虽然在共振频率处减振效果很好但在其附近及其他频率比处振动比较严重,不适合实际工程。加装适当的阻尼可以扩大TMD的减振作用范围,但TMD对频率比较敏感,只有在频率接近结构频率时,它才会产生良好的减振效果。     

空间变化地震动下输电塔-线体系振动控制研究

在考虑输电线的几何非线性基础上,建立了输电塔-线体系的三维有限元计算模型.依据现行《电力设施抗震设计规范》,模拟生成了适合输电塔-线体系的多点地震动时程.利用质量、弹簧单元和阻尼单元模拟了调谐质量阻尼器,并对控制参数进行了优化.运用非线性时程分析方法,研究了多点地震激励对高压输电塔-线体系振动控制的影响.研究结果表明调谐质量阻尼器的减震效果显著,能够有效地减小输电塔的地震响应;仅考虑行波效应和多点激励对输电塔的减震效果影响较小,并且多点激励对输电塔的减震效果优于一致激励,但仅考虑相干效应减弱了输电塔的减震效果.     

Output-only modal analysis of wind turbine tower based on vibration response under emergency stop

The identification technique of output-only modal parameters is proposed for the large wind turbine tower under emergency stop. Compared with the response of regular operating conditions, the immediate tower structural response under emergency stop much more resembles a state of free vibration, which is more appropriate for the modal identification of the wind turbine tower. The vibration response is measured in the nacelle, which is easy to perform in the field modal test. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) is applied to decompose the vibration response into several band-limited intrinsic mode functions. The free responses of decomposed functions are extracted by applying the random decrement technique (RDT). Finally, the modal damping ratio and natural frequency are identified from each free modal response by using the Hilbert transform method. Simulations and a 1.5 MW wind turbine field modal test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed identification method. The main modal parameters of wind turbine, including weak modes, are effectively extracted by using output-only vibration responses under emergency stop. The modal parameter identification method is provided for the large wind turbine structure under the engineering condition.     

Optimization of the Tuned Mass Damper for Chatter Suppression in Turning

The tuned mass damper(TMD) has been successfully applied to the vibration control in machining,while the most widely adopted tuning is equal peaks,which splits the magnitude of the frequency response function(FRF) into equal peaks.However,chatter is a special self-excited problem and a chatter-free machining is determined by FRF at the cutting zone.A TMD tuning aiming at achieving the maximum chatter stability is studied,and it is formulated as an optimization problem of maximizing the minimum negative real part of FRF.By employing the steepest descend method,the optimum frequency and damping ratio of TMD are obtained,and they are compared against the equal peaks tuning.The advantage of the proposed tuning is demonstrated numerically by comparing the minimum point of the negative real part,and is further verified by damping a flexible mode from the fixture of a turning machine.A TMD is designed and placed on the fixture along the vibration of the target mode after performing modal analysis and mode shape visualization.Both of the above two tunings are applied to modify the tool point FRF by tuning TMD respectively.Chatter stability chart of the turning shows that the proposed tuning can increase the critical depth of cut 37% more than the equal peaks.Cutting tests with an increasing depth of cut are conducted on the turning machine in order to distinguish the stability limit.The tool vibrations during the machining are compared to validate the simulation results.The proposed damping design and optimization routine are able to further increase the chatter suppression effect.     

基于控制方法的风机塔架减振研究

为利用控制方法减小兆瓦级风机运行过程中塔架的振动量,对塔架结构动态特性和塔架激励源动态特性进行了分析研究。以某2 MW机组为例,进行了塔架振动情况评估。基于评估结果,设计了增加气动阻尼的塔架振动控制方法,并进一步设计了直接加阻的主动控制结构,结合振动过大时主动降功率运行手段,实现了塔架振动的控制器干预。在许继WRTS-800和PRDS-600仿真实验平台上进行了仿真验证和等效疲劳载荷计算;在实验风场进行了现场实验,并对实验数据进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,采用该方法,塔架等效疲劳载荷明显减小,主动控制减振效果明显。     

Chatter suppression in micro-milling using shank-mounted Two-DOF tuned mass damper

The tuned mass damper (TMD) has been used in machining processes for reducing forced vibration, suppressing chatter, and improving machined surface quality. In micro-milling process, the tiny size of the cutting tool-tip and the high rotating speed bring challenges in implementing the TMD. Besides, the TMD needs to have two degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) for reducing vibrations of micro-mill in two orthogonal directions. This paper presents the chatter suppression for micro-milling by attaching a two-DOF TMD to the tool shank and rotates with the cutting tool. The frequency response function (FRF) at the tip of the micro-mill clamped by an aerostatic spindle is predicted using receptance coupling analysis. A two-DOF TMD is designed via graphical approach based on the FRF result at the tool-tip. The natural frequencies and damping ratio of the TMD are optimized under different spindle speeds in order to enhance the cutting stability. The chatter stability of micro-milling is predicted considering the gyroscopic and centrifugal effects of the TMD structure. Modal tests and micro-milling experiments are conducted to validate the effect of the TMD on chatter stability. The results show that the TMD is able to improve the critical depth of cut by 13 folds, and satisfy the compact design requirement for micro-milling.     

Frequency capture characteristics of vibration system with two degrees of freedom

In this study, the dynamical model of the vibration of the wind power system was established according to the Lagrange’s principle for investigating the phenomenon of frequency capture. The system response of the vibration of wind power device in the horizontal and vertical directions of tower was analyzed by numerical simulation. At the same time, the paper analyzed the characteristics of the vibration model comparing with the traditional model. Then the conditions of frequency capture were studied through the analysis of mathematical model. In particular, the effects that five key parameters had on the frequency capture characteristics were analyzed. Finally, the research reveal that reducing the eccentric mass and eccentricity of the blade, increasing the support stiffness and displacement damping coefficient, and increasing the torque of the input shaft can reduce vibration and avoid the phenomenon of frequency capture. The simulation results provide the theory basis for the design and installation of wind power device.     

自适应TMD减振性能试验

为改善目前工程中应用的调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,简称TMD)对频率敏感和频率难以调节的缺点,提出了一种自适应TMD,由可变质量块、弹簧、伺服控制系统、驱动系统和阻尼器组成。其中,伺服控制系统由一个加速度传感器和一块单片机电路板组成。在环境激励下,单片机电路板接收位于主结构上的加速度传感器传来的信号,利用短时傅里叶变换识别得到主结构的第1阶自振频率,并自发启动驱动装置改变TMD的质量,以调节TMD的频率与识别得到的主结构频率一致。通过人行桥模型试验验证了自适应TMD的可行性、可靠性和有效性。试验结果表明,自适应TMD能准确识别模型结构的竖向一阶自振频率,并通过调节质量重新调谐自身频率,与识别得到的频率相同。自由衰减振动试验和受迫振动试验表明,与启动调节前的失调TMD相比,启动调节后的谐调TMD能够提高模型结构的等效阻尼比,降低其加速度响应峰值和均方根值。     

高耸塔器顺风向风振响应与疲劳寿命数值分析

针对现行设计标准中未曾考虑沿海等地区强风（或台风）频发的极端条件下,顺风向振动可能导致的高耸塔器疲劳问题,基于谐波叠加法、随机振动理论及脉动风速频域规律,利用MATLAB和ANSYS软件模拟,获得了某一典型高耸塔器在各风速下的顺风向脉动风速时程样本及风振时程响应,采用雨流法统计了危险点应力幅值与循环周次,根据Miner疲劳累积损伤理论估算了疲劳寿命。结果表明：模拟脉动风速时程曲线经自功率谱和自相关函数检验可较好地反映真实风速特征;随着风速的增加,塔器风振时程响应的最大值和均方根呈指数关系增大,且前者略大于JB／T4710--2005中的计算结果;9级风以下顺风向振动引起的塔器疲劳损伤不大,但多次较强台风作用可能会导致明显的疲劳损伤甚至失效。此研究旨在为多风地区高耸塔器的合理设计提供参考。     

基于气弹模型风洞试验的输电塔气动阻尼研究

输电塔挂线和不挂线情况下的气动阻尼比是精确进行其风振响应评估的重要参数。基于完全气弹模型风洞试验测试得到的位移与加速度响应时程,结合使用经验模态分解法(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)、小波分析和随机减量方法(random decrement technology,简称RDT)以及Hilbert变换识别了输电塔在挂线和不挂线情况下各阶振型结构阻尼比和气动阻尼比,分析输电塔在挂线和不挂线情况下结构阻尼比和气动阻尼比的变化规律。结果显示,输电塔挂线时的结构阻尼比比不挂线情况要大;输电塔的气动阻尼比随各阶振型频率的增加而减小,随着风速的增加而增加。最后,采用最小二乘法拟合得到了在试验风速条件下气动阻尼比的经验公式。