便携式拉曼光谱仪的应用研究现状及展望

便携式拉曼光谱仪正成为一种现场快速、非接触、无损伤检测的重要工具,它可以直接确认爆炸物和化学危险物质,特别是对于液体样品的检测具有明显的优势.本文介绍了拉曼光谱检测技术的基本原理及特点,追踪了国内外主流便携式拉曼光谱仪的研究现状,针对表面增强拉曼光谱仪的应用趋势作了详细阐述和分析,最后展望了便携式拉曼光谱仪的研究发展方向.     

激光辐照制备银纳米基底及其用于葡萄糖检测

通过激光辐照的方法制备银纳米条纹表面增强拉曼散射基底,该基底具有制备方法简单、均匀性好、重复性强的优点。用巯基吡啶(4-MPY)作为探针分子,葡萄糖和葡萄糖氧化酶产生的过氧化氢会改变银纳米条纹的形貌,进而影响探针分子的表面增强拉曼光谱强度,从而实现葡萄糖的间接检测。得到的探针分子的表面增强拉曼光谱的强度与葡萄糖溶液的浓度具有较好的线性关系。实验结果表明,该基底在葡萄糖的检测及定量分析方面具有良好的应用前景。     

氧化铝薄层板拉曼光谱特性研究

为了研究氧化铝层析板在层析和表面增强拉曼光谱(TLC-SERS)联用中的影响。在785nm激发波长下分别测试了氧化铝层析板,涂布银胶后氧化铝层析板的拉曼特征谱,并对其进行归属。结果表明,涂布银胶能够有效降低氧化铝层析板的荧光背底,但在200～1500cm-1区域氧化铝层析板拉曼特征峰仍具有较强的强度,所以在利用氧化铝层析板进行TLC-SERS联用时,需充分考虑氧化铝层析板拉曼特征峰的影响。     

拉曼光谱的应用及其进展

本文简述了拉曼光谱的原理、特征及其在应用上的优越性。介绍了几种新的拉曼光谱技术及拉曼光谱技术在食品、材料化学、医药等领域的最新研究及应用进展。重点讨论了近年来该技术在食品质量检测、环境保护、细胞和组织的癌变方面的最新进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

注入锁定腔增强拉曼光谱微量气体检测技术

为了提高微量气体的拉曼散射强度,本文设计并搭建了注入锁定腔增强拉曼光谱微量气体检测平台。半导体激光器(波长为638nm,功率为15mW)输出到由三块高反镜组成的V型增强腔中,结合注入锁定技术,腔内激光强度达到7.5 W,实现了500倍的增强效果。利用该实验平台对微量单一气体及其混合气体进行了拉曼检测,并根据拉曼特征谱峰选取原则及信噪比大于3的原则,确定了H2、CO、CO2、CH4、C2H6、C2H4、C2H2的特征拉曼谱峰分别为4 156,2 143,1 388,2 918,2 955,1 344,1 975cm-1,最小检测极限分别为10.2,21.7,9.4,2.1,8.9,4.9,3.3Pa。腔增强拉曼光谱法可以实现微量同核双原子气体检测及利用单一波长激光的混合气体同时检测,具有替代气体检测传统光谱方法的潜力。     

拉曼光谱技术在涂料鉴定中的应用进展

本文对拉曼光谱在涂料鉴定中的研究和应用现状进行综述,简要说明拉曼光谱用于涂料鉴定的特点,并对其应用前景进行展望。     

拉曼光谱及其在石油产品分析中的应用

阐述拉曼光谱的历史、产生机理和基本特征,对目前广泛推广的色散型拉曼光谱仪的各部分作介绍,论述拉曼光谱分析中应注意的问题和采用的技术,对拉曼光谱在石油产品分析中应用情况做综述,指出拉曼散射采样方式、激光器的稳定性、检测器的稳定性与灵敏度以及样品荧光干扰等是影响拉曼光谱在石油产品分析中成功应用需要解决的关键技术。     

基于拉曼光谱的微结构应力测试方法

讨论了利用拉曼光谱来定量分析由单晶硅和多晶硅材料构成的微机械结构应力测试方法,说明了该方法的基本原理,推导了单晶硅应力σ与相对拉曼频移△ω及多晶硅应力τ与相对拉曼频移△ω的关系,使基于硅体系的拉曼应力测试公式体系化.应用拉曼光谱测试方法对微加速度计悬臂梁和微谐振器支撑梁进行了应力测试.     

基于远程拉曼光谱的物质检测研究

设计和建立轻型远程拉曼光谱探测系统,通过时域脉冲的发射源和数字延时电路实现拉曼信号同步采集,同时采用入瞳口径为50mm的伽利略望远光路增强拉曼信号的收集效率,并对易爆物质进行3m距离检测为例进行研究。其结果显示,系统具有非常高的信噪比、高分辨锐利的特征峰和快速检测能力,能应用于危险环境的识别和预警等方面。     

共聚焦拉曼仪测试参数的合理选择

结合仪器的原理,从激光波长和功率、显微镜头、滤光片、共聚焦设置、光栅等几个方面简要说明了共聚焦拉曼参数条件的选取。同时简单介绍了拉曼光谱的应用。     

Fundamental differences between micro- and nano-Raman spectroscopy

Electric field polarization orientations and gradients close to near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) probes render nano-Raman fundamentally different from micro-Raman spectroscopy. With x -polarized light incident through an NSOM aperture, transmitted light has x, y and z components allowing nano-Raman investigators to probe a variety of polarization configurations. In addition, the strong field gradients in the near-field of a NSOM probe lead to a breakdown of the assumption of micro-Raman spectroscopy that the field is constant over molecular dimensions. Thus, for nano-Raman spectroscopy with an NSOM, selection rules allow for the detection of active modes with intensity dependent on the field gradient. These modes can have similar activity as infra-red absorption modes. The mechanism can also explain the origin and intensity of some Raman modes observed in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy.     

QUANTIFICATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF COCAINE AND ADULTERANTS USING DISPERSIVE RAMAN AND FT-IR SPECTROSCOPY AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT REGRESSION

Current forensic methods for detecting and identifying cocaine and its adulterants are destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. Vibrational techniques [Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy] allow rapid, economical, nondestructive analysis. This work compares these techniques as methods for quantifying mixtures of cocaine (in the crack presentation) and adulterants. The aim is to provide a method to determine the amount of cocaine in crack rocks and to identify and quantify possible adulterants. A sample of crack was adulterated with benzocaine, caffeine, sodium carbonate, and lidocaine to create binary mixtures of concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%; pure samples of each adulterant and of crack were also examined. All samples were observed using dispersive Raman and attenuated total reflectance FT-IR spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis was performed based on principal component regression (PCR) applied to simulated and real spectra. The PCR model revealed that the Raman spectra yielded only minor measurement errors and the highest correlations using the PC2 spectral vector, which presented spectral features of cocaine. Among the mixtures, the best and worst results were obtained for caffeine and sodium carbonate, respectively. Dispersive Raman spectroscopy outperformed FT-IR in the quantitative determination of binary mixtures of cocaine and adulterants.     

拉曼光谱测量中的荧光抑制方法综述

拉曼光谱是物质的特征结构谱,但是在许多情况下,除了激发出拉曼散射光之外,还会激发出强度远大于拉曼散射的荧光,从而限制了拉曼光谱的应用。因此在拉曼检测中对荧光采取抑制措施是十分必要的。在过去的几十年里发展了多种荧光抑制方法,包括荧光淬灭剂法、光漂白法、红外/紫外激发法、偏振调制法、移频激发法、高频调制法、门控法、数值处理法、非线性效应法等。文中概括性地介绍了上述各种技术方法的原理,并扼要地分析比较了各自的性能特点。     

Label‐free monitoring of inflammatory tissue conditions using a carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat model

Although the confirmation of inflammatory changes within tissues at the onset of various diseases is critical for the early detection of disease and selection of appropriate treatment, most therapies are based on complex and time‐consuming diagnostic procedures. Raman spectroscopy has the ability to provide non‐invasive, real‐time, chemical bonding analysis through the inelastic scattering of photons. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a new, easy, fast, and accurate diagnostic method to support diagnostic decisions. The molecular changes in carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat tissues were assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Volumes of 0 (control), 100, 150, and 200 µL of 1% carrageenan were administered to rat hind paws to control the degree of inflammation. The prominent peaks at [1,062, 1,131] cm^?1 and [2,847, 2,881] cm^?1 were selected as characteristic measurements corresponding to the C–C stretching vibrational modes and the symmetric and asymmetric C–H (CH₂) stretching vibrational modes, respectively. Principal component analysis of the inflammatory Raman spectra enabled graphical representation of the degree of inflammation through principal component loading profiles of inflammatory tissues on a two‐dimensional plot. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis represents a promising method for detecting biomolecular responses based on different types of inflammatory tissues.     

Analysis of 2-Benzo[c]cinnoline Nanofilm at the Gold Surface

Abstract

A polycrystalline gold surface was modified with 2-benzo[c]cinnoline (BCC) in nonaqueous media using cyclic voltammetry. A multilayer BCC nanofilm at the gold surface was formed by the electrochemical reduction of 2-benzo[c]cinnoline diazonium salt (BCC-DAS). Grafting of BCC molecules onto the gold surface was verified by cyclic voltammetry using various redox probes, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The BCC film thickness was measured by ellipsometry and calculated as 46 nm indicating a multilayer film formation. The stability and the potential range of the novel Au-BCC modified electrode were also studied in open atmosphere and pure water. The working potential range of Au-BCC electrode was found to be between ?1.8 and +1.6 V.     

The application of Raman spectroscopy to the tribology of polymers

This paper reviews the use of Raman spectroscopy for investigations in polymer tribology. In particular, a number of studies dealing with the problem of surface plasticisation in engineering polymers have been reported and are reviewed in this paper. Solvent and thermally-induced plasticisation have been examined using Raman spectroscopy. The polymers poly(ether ether ketone), nylon and polycarbonate have been investigated and are discussed here.     

Novel combined instrumentation for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy for the in situ atomic and molecular analysis of minerals

Abstract

An instrument combining laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy was developed for the in situ atomic and molecular composition analysis of minerals. The apparatus consists of an optical system, a sample chamber, a spectrometer for Raman and another for LIBS, as well as a control system equipped with laboratory-written software. Gypsum, calcite, prehnite, pearl, lazurite, and several mixtures of NaBr and CaCO₃ were selected as samples for evaluation of the performance of the instrument. Sulfate, carbonate, silicate, and crystalline water were identified and different structures of CaCO₃ were clearly distinguished by the use of a Gaussian fit. The limit of detection for CaCO₃ in a NaBr mixture was 5.7?mg/g by Raman. LIBS was employed to determine calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, aluminum, and carbon with the newly developed system. The limits of detection obtained for Ca, Na, and C were 90.2?μg/g, 84.6?μg/g, and 2.5?mg/g, respectively. The experimental results from commercial Raman spectroscopy instruments were used to verify and support the measurements from this novel instrument.     

Characterization of human ovarian teratoma hair by using AFM, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy

The structural, physical, and chemical properties of hair taken from an ovarian teratoma (teratoma hair) was first examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The similarities and differences between the teratoma hair and scalp hair were also investigated. Teratoma hair showed a similar morphology and chemical composition to scalp hair. Teratoma hair was covered with a cuticle in the same manner as scalp hair and showed the same amide bonding modes as scalp hair according to FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. On the other hand, teratoma hair showed different physical properties and cysteic acid bands from scalp hair: the surface was rougher and the adhesive force was lower than the scalp hair. The cystine oxides modes did not change with the position unlike scalp hair. These differences can be understood by environmental effects not by the intrinsic properties of the teratoma hair.