基于复小波块阈值的降噪方法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

提出一种基于对偶树复小波块阈值的信号降噪方法,并将其成功应用于机械故障诊断中.机械设备的振动信号都或多或少地含有噪声,导致弱故障信息的提取一直是故障诊断的难点和热点.提出的降噪方法充分利用对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性和块阈值法的更优估计特性,可以获得比常规的小波降噪方法以及基于常规离散正交小波变换的NeighBlock降噪法更高的信噪比,不仅能有效抑制高斯白噪声,还能够去除冲击信号中的脉冲噪声.对实际信号的研究表明:这种降噪方法可以提取齿轮箱早期故障信息和强噪声背景情况下的隐含故障信息,特别对提取弱冲击故障信号非常有效.     

基于多小波和CEEMD的轴承故障诊断方法

滚动轴承振动信号中的强噪声背景对准确提取轴承的故障特征信息具有很大影响,本文提出利用多小波降噪与CEEMD方法相结合,提取滚动轴承的故障特征信号的方法:首先通过多小波方法自适应地消除滚动轴承故障信号中的噪声,然后利用CEEMD进行分解,将分解后的IMF的最大Shannon信息熵值作为判断标准,最大可能地保持原始信号中的故障信息,提取Shannon信息熵值最大的有效IMF进行频谱分析,利用频谱特性提取滚动轴承故障特征。利用数值算例和滚动轴承数据验证了该方法的可行性,为轴承故障诊断提供参考。     

对偶树复小波阈值降噪法及在机械故障诊断中的应用

为有效提取强噪声背景下微弱故障信号,提出了一种基于对偶树复小波的阈值降噪方法及其小波滤波器的设计原则,将其应用于机械故障诊断,取得了较好效果.阐述了对偶树复小波变换滤波器的设计要求和对偶树复小波阈值降噪法的实施步骤.该法充分利用了对偶树复小波变换的平移不变性的优良特性,试验表明:此法可以获得比常规的离散小波降噪更高的信...     

基于VMD和自适应谱线增强技术的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了在噪声干扰下准确提取滚动轴承振动信号的故障特征,提出了一种将变分模态分解与自适应谱线增强技术相结合的轴承故障特征频率提取方法。首先采用VMD对原始振动信号进行分解和重构,然后通过自适应谱线增强技术对重构信号进行降噪处理,最后对降噪信号进行包络解调分析得到故障特征频率。利用滚动轴承仿真信号和实测信号检验了所提出的方法,并与VMD及小波分析+ALE方法进行对比分析,结果表明,VMD+ALE方法的滤波效果及检测精度更好,能够更加有效的提取轴承故障特征。     

基于双树复小波变换的轴承故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于双树复小波变换解调技术的轴承故障诊断新方法。该方法利用双树复小波变换具有近似平移不变性、避免频率混叠和有效降噪的优点,首先对轴承故障振动信号进行双树复小波分解和重构,将振动信号分解成实部和虚部,然后计算振动信号的双树复小波幅值包络和包络谱。齿轮箱轴承故障振动实验信号的分析表明,该方法能在强噪声环境下准确提取轴承故障产生的周期性瞬态冲击信号,能有效消除频率混叠现象和强噪声的影响,能有效识别轴承内圈和外圈故障。     

基于双树复小波和深度信念网络的轴承故障诊断

提出了一种基于双树复小波(DTCWT)和深度信念网络(DBN)的轴承故障诊断新方法。采用DTCWT对轴承振动信号进行分解实验,结果表明DTCWT能够很好地将信号分解到不同频带。进而提取能量熵作为故障特征,采用DBN小样本分类模型对轴承故障进行分类,并与传统分类器进行比较,结果表明该方法能准确识别不同故障类型,扩展了DBN在机械故障诊断中的应用。     

基于DT-CWT和MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法

滚动轴承早期故障信号具有非平稳、能量低等特征,为了能够准确、有效地检测出轴承故障,提出了双树复小波(dual-tree complex wavelet transform,DTCWT)和最大相关峭度反褶积(maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution,MCKD)相结合的诊断方法。首先运用双树复小波对采集到的振动信号进行分解,再重构单支信号,由于噪声的干扰,从重构后分量的频谱中很难对故障做出正确的判断。然后对包含故障特征的分量进行最大相关峭度反褶积处理以消除噪声成分,凸现故障特征信息。最后对降噪信号求取Hilbert包络谱,便能准确获得故障特征频率。通过信号仿真和实验数据分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

改进经验小波变换和改进字典学习在轴承故障识别中的应用

通过深度学习进行滚动轴承故障识别时,存在因信号噪声导致故障识别率较低和深层网络收敛速度慢的问题。针对上述问题,提出了一种改进经验小波变换(EEWT)和改进字典学习(EDL)的轴承故障识别方法。首先,将轴承振动信号进行包络谱变换,通过包络谱的极值点与自适应阈值的关系进行包络谱边界自动划分,进而利用经验小波变换(EWT)将信号自动分解为调幅-调频(AM-FM)分量;其次,提出一种新的AM-FM分量筛选指标,利用筛选指标选取合适的AM-FM分量进行重构,进而对信号进行有效降噪;最后,利用稀疏性约束逐层学习降噪后轴承故障样本中的典型结构特征,并构造深层故障字典(DFD),将故障样本输入DFD中,根据样本的重建误差确定故障类别。试验结果表明,该方法对噪声的鲁棒性高,故障识别能力优于其他模型,而且该方法可利用驱动字典自动提取轴承振动信号样本中的故障特征;同时,EDL结构使所提取的故障特征具有较好的层次性,符合人对故障的直观认识,可用于滚动轴承故障识别工程中。     

基于CEEMD的滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪方法

针对滚动轴承故障特征信号容易被噪声掩盖难以提取的问题,提出了基于互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪方法。为了准确判定噪声分量和有用信号分量的分界点,在对振动信号进行CEEMD分解后,设计了依据信噪分量自相关函数的单边波峰宽度特性自适应地判定分界点的方法。为了保证重构信号的完整性,利用改进的小波阈值降噪方法提取低频IMF分量中的高频有效信息。实验分析表明,结合改进阈值函数的CEEMD自适应降噪方法能够有效地去除故障振动信号中夹杂的噪声,并且很好地保留了滚动轴承振动信号的突变细节,达到了不错的降噪效果。     

基于最优Morlet小波的滚动轴承故障诊断

将最优Morlet小波和阈值降噪法相结合,进行强噪声背景下滚动轴承故障诊断.依据峭度最大准则确定最优Morlet小波基.利用连续小波变换和软阈值法对振动信号降噪.试验表明,该方法具有良好的去噪性能,并能更好地提取滚动轴承振动信号中的故障特征.     

基于局部投影降噪的低频轴承故障诊断

本文将局部投影降噪算法结合共振解调技术对低频轴承进行故障诊断。局部投影算法将时间序列先进相重构,在高维的相空间上采用局部投影的方法将相空间分解成正交的子空间,来分离时序中背景信号和噪场分量。综合局部投影降噪算法及共振解调技术两都的优点,对低频轴承进行了故障分析与诊断。     

基于多域空间状态特征的高端装备运行可靠性评价

机械设备运行可靠性对设备状态监测及故障诊断具有重要意义。传统可靠性评估方法依赖于大量故障样本,运用在单台设备可靠性评估上的实际意义有限。本文提出一种基于设备状态特征空间的运行可靠性评价方法。采集设备运行过程中的振动信号,获取时频域信息特征;采用小波包分解提取能量分布特征,构建高维特征空间。应用流形学习优化算法进行降维,获得其低维敏感特征空间,计算当前状态与正常状态的特征子空间的夹角,建立其映射关系,表征设备的当前运行可靠性。将该方法应用于不同状态下的转子实验台和滚动轴承实验台振动数据,实验结果表明:该方法对设备进行运行可靠性评价合理有效,具有很好的工程应用价值。     

基于ITD-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下滚动轴承振动信号故障特征信息难以提取的问题,提出了结合固有时间尺度分解(ITD)-形态滤波和Teager能量谱的滚动轴承故障特征提取与诊断方法。首先对滚动轴承振动信号采用ITD方法分解,得到若干个固有旋转分量;考虑到噪声主要分布在高频段,取前2个高频的固有旋转分量进行形态滤波,并将滤波后的信号与剩余固有旋转分量重构;对重构信号计算Teager能量算子并绘制Teager能量谱,从Teager能量谱中可以识别出故障特征。将本方法应用于滚动轴承的内圈故障和外圈故障诊断,结果表明ITD-形态滤波可以有效去除振动信号中的背景噪声并保留冲击特征,Teager能量谱可以直观并准确显示出故障特征。     

Rolling element bearing fault detection based on optimal antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet

The presence of periodical impulses in vibration signals usually indicates the occurrence of rolling element bearing faults. Unfortunately, detecting the impulses of incipient faults is a difficult job because they are rather weak and often interfered by heavy noise and higher-level macro-structural vibrations. Therefore, a proper signal processing method is necessary. We proposed a differential evolution (DE) optimization and antisymmetric real Laplace wavelet (ARLW) filter-based method to extract the impulsive features buried in noisy vibration signals. The wavelet used in paper is developed from the fault characteristic signal model based on the idea of sparse representation in time-frequency domain. We first filter the original vibration signal using DE-optimized ARLW filter to eliminate the interferential vibrations and suppress random noise, then, demodulate the filtered signal and calculate its envelope spectrum. The analysis results of the simulation signals and real fault bearing vibration signals showed that the proposed method can effectively extract weak fault features.     

Weak fault feature extraction of rolling bearing under strong poisson noise and variable speed conditions

Fault feature extraction of the rolling bearing under strong background noise is always a difficult problem in bearing fault diagnosis. At present, most of the research focuses on weak signal extraction under Gaussian white noise and has certain practical significance. However, the noise in engineering is often complex and changeable, Gaussian white noise cannot fully simulate the actual strong background noise. Poisson white noise is a type of typical non-Gaussian noise, which widely exists in complex mechanical impact. It is of great significance to study the weak fault feature extraction of a faulty bearing under this type of noise. At the same time, variable speed conditions occupy most rotating machinery speed conditions. Non-stationary vibration signals make it difficult to extract fault features, and the frequency spectrum ambiguity will occur because of speed fluctuation. To solve the above problems, a method of weak feature extraction of a faulty bearing based on computed order analysis (COA) and adaptive stochastic resonance (SR) is proposed. Firstly, by numerical simulation, the non-stationary fault characteristic signal corrupted with strong Poisson noise is transformed into a stationary signal in the angle domain by COA. Secondly, the influence of the parameters of the pulse arrival rate and noise intensity of Poisson white noise on the optimal SR response in the angle domain are studied, and the influence of the parameters of Poisson white noise on the fault feature extraction is given. Then, adaptive SR method is used to extract and enhance fault feature information. Finally, the effectiveness of this method in weak fault characteristic signal extraction under strong Poisson noise is verified by experiments. Numerical simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in bearing fault diagnosis under strong Poisson noise and variable speed conditions.

     

基于PPCA-EWT的滚动轴承轻微故障诊断

针对经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,简称EWT)在强背景噪声下对轴承的轻微故障特征提取不足的问题,提出了概率主成分分析(probabilistic principal component analysis,简称PPCA)结合EWT的滚动轴承轻微故障诊断方法。首先,对信号做PPCA预处理,提取信号主要故障特征成分,去除强背景噪声干扰;然后,采用EWT方法分解轴承故障信号,按相关系数-峭度准则选出故障特征较为明显的分量,并将所选分量重构故障信号;最后,对信号采取包络分析,提取出轴承故障特征。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地诊断出轴承故障且效果优于对信号进行EWT包络分析。     

基于非负矩阵分解的单通道故障特征分离方法

针对单通道振动信号的多特征分离问题,提出了一种基于正交非负矩阵分解的故障特征提取方法。首先,采用短时傅里叶变换,利用时频分布来描述信号中的局部故障特征,通过核心一致性指标评估子空间维数;然后,在幅值谱矩阵分解的基础上,通过正交性约束实现低维嵌入分量信息的分离,获取局部特征的准确描述;最后,采用相位恢复理论重构出特征波形,对仿真信号和滚动轴承故障数据进行了测试。结果表明,所提出的方法能利用单通道信号有效地分离出微弱的局部故障特征,为机械状态的早期故障诊断识别提供了一种有效手段。     

Feature Extraction and Recognition for Rolling Element Bearing Fault Utilizing Short-Time Fourier Transform and Non-negative Matrix Factorization

Due to the non-stationary characteristics of vibration signals acquired from rolling element bearing fault, the time-frequency analysis is often applied to describe the local information of these unstable signals smartly. However, it is difficult to classify the high dimensional feature matrix directly because of too large dimensions for many classifiers. This paper combines the concepts of time-frequency distribution(TFD) with non-negative matrix factorization(NMF), and proposes a novel TFD matrix factorization method to enhance representation and identification of bearing fault. Throughout this method, the TFD of a vibration signal is firstly accomplished to describe the localized faults with short-time Fourier transform(STFT). Then, the supervised NMF mapping is adopted to extract the fault features from TFD. Meanwhile, the fault samples can be clustered and recognized automatically by using the clustering property of NMF. The proposed method takes advantages of the NMF in the parts-based representation and the adaptive clustering. The localized fault features of interest can be extracted as well. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the 9 kinds of the bearing fault on a test bench is performed. The proposed method can effectively identify the fault severity and different fault types. Moreover, in comparison with the artificial neural network(ANN), NMF yields 99.3% mean accuracy which is much superior to ANN. This research presents a simple and practical resolution for the fault diagnosis problem of rolling element bearing in high dimensional feature space.     

Enhancement of signal denoising and multiple fault signatures detecting in rotating machinery using dual-tree complex wavelet transform

In order to enhance the desired features related to some special type of machine fault, a technique based on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) is proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated that DTCWT enjoys better shift invariance and reduced spectral aliasing than second-generation wavelet transform (SGWT) and empirical mode decomposition by means of numerical simulations. These advantages of the DTCWT arise from the relationship between the two dual-tree wavelet basis functions, instead of the matching of the used single wavelet basis function to the signal being analyzed. Since noise inevitably exists in the measured signals, an enhanced vibration signals denoising algorithm incorporating DTCWT with NeighCoeff shrinkage is also developed. Denoising results of vibration signals resulting from a crack gear indicate the proposed denoising method can effectively remove noise and retain the valuable information as much as possible compared to those DWT- and SGWT-based NeighCoeff shrinkage denoising methods. As is well known, excavation of comprehensive signatures embedded in the vibration signals is of practical importance to clearly clarify the roots of the fault, especially the combined faults. In the case of multiple features detection, diagnosis results of rolling element bearings with combined faults and an actual industrial equipment confirm that the proposed DTCWT-based method is a powerful and versatile tool and consistently outperforms SGWT and fast kurtogram, which are widely used recently. Moreover, it must be noted, the proposed method is completely suitable for on-line surveillance and diagnosis due to its good robustness and efficient algorithm.     

基于主流形识别的非线性时间序列降噪方法及其在故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种新的基于主流形识别的非线性时间序列降噪方法。新的降噪方法将一维时间序列重构到高维相空间,利用非线性降维方法找出动力学系统在相空间中具有全域正交坐标系的低维主流形,然后根据主流形反求一维时间序列,进而达到降噪的目的。对洛伦兹信号进行的数值试验证明,与奇异谱分解等现有非线性分析方法相比,基于主流形识别的降噪方法能更加有效地消除混沌时间序列中的高斯白噪声。将该方法应用于带有断齿故障的齿轮箱振动信号的故障分析中,成功地提取出了淹没在带噪信号中的冲击特征。