喷射时刻对焦炉气直喷发动机燃烧特性影响

为加强焦炉气的利用,减少资源浪费,利用AVL-FIRE软件对焦炉气缸内直喷型发动机进行建模,模拟不同喷射时刻对于该类型发动机燃烧过程及排放的影响,以确定焦炉气的最佳喷射时刻。结果表明:在相同燃气喷射量与喷射持续期下,最佳喷射时刻出现在进气门关闭后开始喷射且点火前结束喷射期间。最佳喷射时刻使得缸内混合气形成均匀,燃气浓度与湍流强度分布有利于加快火焰传播速度,实现稳定燃烧,提高缸内压力,降低NOx排放,过早与过晚喷射均会降低发动机动力性能。     

汽柴油双燃料发动机燃烧性能试验研究

基于一套经改造的汽柴油混合双燃料发动机系统,在柴油发动机进气道安装汽油喷射系统实现缸内均质的混合气制备,通过上止点直喷柴油控制燃烧相位,通过调整汽柴油比例及EGR比例研究双燃料发动机燃烧性能。研究显示:相比原机,汽柴油比例增大,排气温度降低,当汽柴油比例提高到65%时,呈现出低温燃烧效果,同时降低NOx和碳烟的排放,燃烧持续期缩短,最大压力升高率增大,但是整体燃烧效果更优;从EGR特性及其对缸内燃烧过程和发动机燃烧性能的影响来看,此款双燃料发动机在小负荷时宜采用热EGR,在大负荷时宜采用冷EGR;双燃料发动机进气温度提升对燃油消耗率和碳烟并没有明显影响,而对于NOx来说,进气温度会改善发动机燃烧性能提升缸内燃烧温度,进而NOx排放会出现恶化现象。     

降低起燃工况碳氢排放的方法

推迟点火提前角受限于燃烧稳定性,通过减少缸内残余废气、加快燃烧速度可以提高燃烧稳定性,结合缸内混合气的优化,可以降低起燃工况下碳氢排放。     

喷孔直径对柴油机燃烧特性影响的仿真分析

应用三维CFD模拟软件FIRE对柴油机燃烧过程进行数值模拟,研究喷孔直径对燃烧过程及对NOx和碳烟生成的影响。结果表明:不同喷孔直径对油气混合气速度场分布,燃烧缸内温度、压力和排放均有影响,通过分析最终确定喷孔直径为0.35mm,柴油机性能最佳。仿真计算对优化喷射系统以及结构参数,对提高柴油机性能具有重要的意义。     

475柴油机燃用乙醇柴油混合燃料的数值模拟

为研究乙醇柴油在475柴油机上的燃烧过程,利用CFD分析软件FIRE对柴油机燃油不同掺混比例的乙醇柴油混合燃料进行燃烧过程模拟,建立了燃烧仿真模型并对模型准确性进行验证。模拟了不同乙醇掺混比例的混合燃料对缸内压力、缸内温度、放热规律及排放的影响。结果显示掺混乙醇后对最高爆发压力影响不大,缸内温度随着掺混比例的增加有所降低,E10最大瞬时放热率是最小的。另外随乙醇比例增加NO_x排放减少而碳烟增加。     

现代汽油发动机燃油喷射技术综述

燃油喷射系统是汽油发动机的重要组成部分,燃油喷射技术不仅影响可燃混合气的形成,还间接影响气缸中的燃油燃烧和废气形成。总结了汽油发动机燃油喷射系统现有的进气道喷射技术、缸内直喷技术的特点;展望了混合喷射和定容式燃烧多段喷射新技术;提出了在高度提倡环保的大环境下,电控汽油喷射技术的进一步发展是必然的结论。     

喷射参数对点燃式重油直喷发动机小负荷性能的影响

在一台采用低压空气辅助喷射技术的二冲程点燃式重油直喷发动机上,进行了燃油喷射参数对发动机性能影响的试验研究,研究了中等转速小负荷工况下,喷气结束时刻及过量空气系数对发动机动力性、燃油经济性及排放性能的影响。试验结果表明:节气门开度为10%时,随着喷气结束时刻提前,功率先增大后减小,油耗先减小后增加,HC及CO排放有小幅度减少;混合气由浓变稀时,功率增加,油耗降低,HC及CO排放大幅度减少。节气门开度为20%时,随着喷气结束时刻提前,功率增大,油耗减小,HC排放有小幅度减少,CO排放有小幅度增加;混合气由浓变稀时,油耗降低,HC及CO排放大幅度减少,最大功率出现在理论空燃比附近。     

煤基双燃料发动机的燃烧特性研究

为探索预混合气引燃柴油机的燃烧过程,在CY25型单缸柴油机上进行了聚甲氧基二甲醚引燃甲醇均质混合气的燃烧试验,对比分析了不同甲醇占能比和聚甲氧基二甲醚喷油时刻对发动机燃烧特性的影响。试验结果表明:随着甲醇占能比的增加,缸压峰值降低,最大降幅18.2%。缸内温度降低,有效热效率降低;随着聚甲氧基二甲醚喷油时刻由上止点前20°CA提前至24°CA,缸内最高温度增加,最大增幅21.4%,最高缸内压力和最大压力升高率均增加,最高缸内压力增幅达22.3%,有效热效率降低。     

低污染燃烧控制的研究

针对燃油、天燃气、可燃混合气的燃烧会产生较多的超出标准的有害气体，如：HC、CO、NOx、硫化物、铅化物、碳烟等，研究并提出采用合成射流激励助燃气体技术、两段空气燃烧技术、催化燃烧技术，控制燃料燃烧降低有害气体排放的解决方法。     

小型航空二冲程煤油发动机小负荷试验研究

将1台点燃式二冲程气道喷射汽油机改造为缸内直喷煤油发动机,在3000r/min小负荷工况下进行了点火提前角、喷气结束角、过量空气系数对性能影响的试验研究。结果表明,喷气结束角为50°和80°（上止点前）时,适当增大点火提前角,能使功率增加、油耗降低,但点火提前角不宜过大,否则会造成HC和CO排放量的增加;点火提前角为15°和30°（上止点前）时,适度提前喷气结束时刻,可以使功率增加、油耗和排放降低;另外,偏浓混合气有利于提高功率输出,偏稀混合气有利于降低排放。     

车用柴油机燃烧和热流分析的数值研究

利用商用软件STAR—CD及ES—ICE对某D6114柴油机在的缸内燃烧过程进行了数值模拟计算,分析和比较了不同喷油提前角对缸内燃烧过程和燃烧室表面热流的影响。研究结果表明：喷油提前角提前,柴油机缸内的燃烧效果优于喷油提前角推迟,燃烧过程中缸内的压力和温度比推迟喷油提前角时要大,同时缸内的最高燃烧压力和最高温度也高;喷油提前角对缸盖和活塞顶壁面平均热流的影响与其对缸内平均温度的影响相似,对缸套壁面的影响是喷油提前角提前越早,传给缸套的热流越小。数值计算结果为高功率、高强化和低热损的柴油机设计提供理论依据。．     

柴油引燃甲醇双燃料发动机排放性能试验分析

介绍了柴油引燃甲醇双燃料燃烧对柴油机CH、NOx和碳烟排放的影响。采用柴油引燃甲醇双燃料在一台单缸、直喷、中冷柴油机上进行。随着甲醇质量分数的增加,HC排放迅速增加,NOx排放减少,发动机碳烟排放大幅度降低。     

Investigation of soot formation in a D.I. diesel engine by using laser induced scattering and laser induced incandescence

Soot has a great effect on the formation of PM (Paniculate Matter) in D.I. (Direct Injection) Diesel engines. Soot in diesel flame is formed by incomplete combustion when the fuel atomization and mixture formation were poor. Therefore, the understanding of soot formation in a D.I. diesel engine is mandatory to reduce PM in exhaust gas. To investigate soot formation in diesel combustion, various measurements have been performed with laser diagnostics. In this study, the relative soot diameter and the relative number density in a D.I. engine was measured by using LIS (Laser Induced Scattering) and LII (Laser Induced Incandescence) methods simultaneously which are planar imaging techniques. And a visualization D.I. diesel engine was used to introduce a laser beam into the combustion chamber and investigate the diffusion flame characteristics. To find the optimal condition that reduces soot formation in diesel combustion, various injection timing and the swirl flow in the cylinder using the SCV (Swirl Control Valve) were applied. From this experiment, the effects of injection timing and swirl on soot formation were established. Effective reduction of soot formation is possible through the control of these two factors.     

基于数值模拟优化分析的某型汽油机发动机燃烧系统正向开发

文中主要基于喷雾标定的结果进行发动机缸内燃烧系统的正向开发和优化.在喷雾试验数据的基础上建立了喷雾模型,并利用喷雾模型和发动机相关数据进行了缸内燃烧计算,分析了缸内流场和油气混合情况.分析表明:缸内流场方面,在压缩冲程中不同工况下均形成了非常明显的滚流流场,同时滚流比大小的变化存在明显的"双峰"现象,不同工况下均有燃油...     

Influence of injection rate shaping on combustion and emissions for a medium duty diesel engine

This paper describes the effects of injection rate shaping on the combustion, fuel consumption and emission of NO_X and soot of a medium duty diesel engine. The focus is on the influence of four different injection rate shapes; square type 1, square type 2, boot and ramp, with a variation of maximum injection pressure and start of injection (SOI). The experiments were carried out on a 1 liter single cylinder research diesel engine equipped with an amplifier-piston common rail injection system, allowing the adjustment of the injection pressure during the injection event and thus injection rate as desired. Two strategies to maintain the injected fuel mass constant were followed. One where rate shaping is applied at constant injection duration with different peak injection pressure and one strategy where rate shaping is applied at a constant peak injection pressure, but with variable injection duration. Injection rate shaping was found to have a large effect on the premixed and diffusion combustion, a significant influence on NO_x emissions and depending on the followed strategy, moderate or no influence on soot emission. Only small effects on indicated fuel consumption were found.     

喷射装置导管对大缸径气体燃料发动机缸内混合效果的影响

在喷射装置出口加装导管,将燃气分别导向大缸径多点电喷气体燃料发动机的螺旋进气道和切向进气道,建立了联合喷射装置内部流动区域的发动机瞬态CFD计算模型,分析了导管位置对缸内掺混过程的影响。研究结果表明：对于该切向气道、螺旋气道的组合进气道,进气冲程在缸内靠近缸盖截面上产生了干涉涡流,对于螺旋气道喷射方案,燃气向气缸中心靠近,压缩末了时刻燃气集中在缸盖附近;而对于切向气道喷射方案,燃气冲向活塞顶,压缩末了时刻燃气集中在活塞顶附近。点火时刻的混合效果从优到劣依次为螺旋气道喷射方案、无导管喷射方案、切向气道喷射方案。     

An investigation on effect of high pressure post injection on soot and NO emissions in a DI diesel engine

NO and Soot trade off is an important challenge for engineers in DI Diesel engines. This paper, introduces multiple injection as a strategy for simultaneous reduction of NO and Soot emissions on a DI diesel engine and also proposes a new concept of variable injection pressure and studies its effect on the engine emissions. To evaluate the benefits of multiple injection strategies and to reveal combustion mechanism, modified three dimensional CFD code KIVA-3V was developed. Results showed that using post injection with appropriate dwell between injection pulses has a great effect on simultaneous reduction of the emissions. Based on computational results, NO reduction formation mechanism in multiple injection strategy is as a single injection with retarded injection timing. It is shown that reduction in soot formation is because of the fact that in split fuel injection the soot, which is producing rich regions at the head of fuel spray, are not replenished by newly injected fuel in post injection pulse. Also increasing injection pressure in post injection will reduce the Soot emission dramatically while NO emission is in control for increase of fuel burning rate in post injection pulse.     

Investigation of combustion and emission characteristics of n-hexane and n-hexadecane additives in diesel fuel

One of the most important basic requirements of diesel-powered vehicles that they have lower pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. In diesel engines, combustion and engine performance are influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the used fuel. Engine design studies are not enough to increase engine performance and reduce exhaust emissions alone. By adding fuel additives in diesel fuel, the physical and chemical properties of the fuel can be improved. Fuel additives affect engine performance, combustion and emissions positively by exerting catalyst effect during combustion. In this study, n-hexane and n-hexadecane were added in diesel fuel (D0) by volume of 4, 12 % and 20 %. With respect to D0 fuel, in DHD20 and DHX20 fuels engine torque increased by 1.60 % and 1.32 %, respectively, while the brake specific fuel consumption decreased by 3.12 % and 1.98 %, respectively. Maximum cylinder pressures and heat release rate values of the ingredient added fuels increased. It was seen that NO_x emissions increased while HC, CO and soot emissions decreased with increasing contribution ratio.

     

柴油机缸内辐射换热的多维数值模拟研究

对柴油机来说,辐射换热极为重要,在缸内总传热量中占有非常大的比重,直接关系到发动机热效率及因传热引起的各种热负荷、热强度问题,同时,辐射换热对燃烧系统的研究也十分重要,辐射热流量会深刻影响内燃机的燃烧性能,对发动机的各种燃烧产物的形成产生至关重要的影响。为此,利用离散传递法实现柴油机缸内辐射换热的多维数值模拟,通过多维模拟计算同时考察燃烧室部件表面发射率及喷雾提前角对柴油机缸内辐射换热的影响。结果表明：活塞的辐射热流量峰值高于缸盖的辐射热流;缸盖的辐射热流量的最大值并不在中心位置处,而是随时间变化;随着壁面辐射率的增加,缸内向燃烧室部件辐射换热量逐渐增大;喷雾提前角直接影响所有燃烧室部件表面的辐射热流密度。     

Phenomenological combustion modeling of a direct injection diesel engine with in-cylinder flow effects

A cycle simulation program is developed and its predictions are compared with the test bed measurements of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. It is based on the mass and energy conservation equations with phenomenological models for diesel combustion. Two modeling approaches for combustion have been tested; a multi-zone model by Hiroyasu et al (1976) and the other one coupled with an in-cylinder flow model. The results of the two combustion models are compared with the measured imep, pressure trace and NOx and soot emissions over a range of the engine loads and speeds. A parametric study is performed for the fuel injection timing and pressure, the swirl ratio, and the squish area. The calculation results agree with the measured data, and with intuitive understanding of the general operating characteristics of a DI diesel engine.