混合动力客车超级电容安装方式的改进与优化

本文主要分析了某型号混合动力客车超级电容模块的安装缺陷,引发模块开裂漏液的问题。测试数据表明,其原因是车辆在运行中,超级电容模块的振动超出了限值;通过安装方式的改进,振动测试合格,从而解决了电容模块开裂漏液的问题。     

基于超级电容的电梯节能系统的仿真研究

针对电梯的能耗问题,通过研究电梯系统的结构及其运行特点,介绍了基于超级电容的电梯节能控制系统的系统组成方案和工作原理.对该系统进行各模块设计、整体结构设计及控制策略方面的研究.采用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件搭建系统模型进行仿真测试,通过对双向DC/DC模块采用不同控制策略的仿真结果进行分析.试验证明此系统中采用模糊控制策略对电梯系统具有更好的节能性.     

电动汽车再生制动系统双向DC/DC变换器的设计

为了实现电动汽车再生制动的能量回收方案,采用超级电容作为储能元件,设计了电动汽车超级电容再生制动系统双向DC/DC变换器,介绍了DC/DC变换器主电路的四种控制方案。实验测试证明了设计合理,工作稳定可靠。     

新能源列车车载储能数据采集系统设计及储能系统运行寿命分析

研究一类基于STM32的数据采集系统,采集并储存有轨电车车载超级电容的电压/电流数值。首先介绍该数据采集系统中硬件部分的各个功能区域,随后设计了数据采集系统的软件部分,编写了ADC采集的程序并通过GPRS 4G无线通信模块发送数据,通过SD卡储存数据,将其用于有轨电车线路测试,得到了相应的电压/电流曲线。后续依据储能系统的退化特征,分析了储能电容寿命衰减的影响因素,提出了不同温度和电压下超级电容寿命的预测方法,为超级电容的合理使用提供了参考依据。     

超级电容在直流操作电源系统中的应用

超级电容(双电层电容器EDLC)是一种新型储能元件,其与蓄电池相比具有一定的互补性.利用超级电容(或与蓄电池一起)构成直流操作电源系统中的储能部件,可以解决蓄电池直流操作电源系统中存在的问题,提高电源系统的可靠性和可性.本文针对超级电容的以上特性,提出了超级电容在直流操作电源系统中的多种应用方案.     

基于视频监控的变电站巡检巡视系统设计

针对当前系统未能对变电站红外图像进行异常检测,导致变电站巡检巡视性能下降,平均测试时间和误报率增加,提出一种基于视频监控的变电站巡检巡视系统。 分别设计系统管理子模块、状态监测子模块和智能辅助控制子模块,对通过视频监控采集到的变电站图像进行 RGB 值校正,将输入空间样本映射到特征空间中,得到对应的数据集。 采用核猫群红外图像异常检测方法对变电站进行检测,最终获取异常区域,实现变电站巡检巡视。 通过和已有系统进行实验对比可知,所设计系统能够有效降低平均测试时间和误报率,同时还能够提升巡检巡视性能。     

基于风力发电的微电网电源配置研究

针对微电网电源配置过程中的经济性与供电可靠性问题,对分布式电源的配置进行了研究。以微电网的年均费用值为目标函数,以风机数量、储能元件数量为优化变量,以微电网的可靠性为约束条件,通过遍历算法求最优解,得到了微电网的电源配置方案。采用蓄电池、超级电容混合储能方案,以发挥蓄电池能量密度高、超级电容功率密度高的优势,从而减少了配置成本;采用改进的邻域均值滤波法在超级电容和蓄电池之间进行了功率分配,该控制策略能够减少超级电容充放电循环过程中的能量累积,从而提高了微电网的可靠性。最后基于Matlab平台编程实现容量配置算法,对算例进行了配置。研究结果表明,该算法可以在保证可靠性的前提下,得出了较为经济的配置方案,为小型微电网电源配置提供了新的思路。     

海上风力发电机变桨系统超级电容的容量检测方法研究

对海上风力发电机变桨系统超级电容的容量进行及时准确的检测,是风力发电机在发生故障时能进行安全停机的前提。传统变桨系统超级电容的容量检测方法主要是恒流充放电检测法,但传统的检测方法检测结果误差较大,为此,对传统的检测方法进行了改进,并进行了实验。实验结果表明,改进后的检测方法具有检测精度高、速度快等优点,能够在非恒流的条件下对超级电容的容量进行检测。     

大型风电机组变桨系统超级电容的选择及其自检策略的研究

机组在发生电网故障时,为了保证风机能够快速收桨以保证风机安全,变桨系统配备了一套由超级电容组成的备用电源。分析了变桨系统超级电容的布置方案,对风电机组电网故障工况进行了仿真计算,得到了2 MW风电机组的超级电容的容量和型号,同时对风电机组变桨系统的电容自检策略进行了分析,并在风场运行中进行了验证。     

锂电池与超级电容混合电动汽车系统在环综合测试

利用超级电容的功率密度高及可大电流充放电等特点,提出并设计了锂电池与超级电容双能源电电混合动力系统,建立了基于交流电力测功机的混合动力系统在环综合测试台架。采用70.4V/40A·h的磷酸铁锂电池组与48.6V/165F超级电容模组进行混合,并设计了基于综合测试台架的后向工况测试流程。最后采用UDDS动态工况,完成对基于模糊PID控制的双能源能量管理策略系统的在环测试。测试结果表明,通过混合结构及能量管理策略,锂电池组的充放电电流均限制在1C范围内,超级电容承担大部分电流波动,保护了锂电池组。     

Mega-ampere submicrosecond generator GIT-32

The GIT-32 current generator was developed for experiments with current carrying pulsed plasma. The main parts of the generator are capacitor bank, multichannel multigap spark switches, low inductive current driving lines, and central load part. The generator consists of four identical sections, connected in parallel to one load. The capacitor bank is assembled from 32 IEK-100-0.17 (0.17 microF, 40 nH, 100 kV) capacitors, connected in parallel. It stores approximately 18 kJ at 80 kV charging voltage. Each two capacitors are commuted to a load by a multigap spark switch with eight parallel channels. Switches operate in ambient air at atmospheric pressure. The GIT-32 generator was tested with 10, 15, and 20 nH inductive loads. At 10 nH load and 80 kV of charging voltage it provides 1 MA of current amplitude and 490 ns rise time with 0.8 Omega damping resistors in discharge circuit of each capacitor and 1.34 MA530 ns without resistors. The net generator inductance without a load was optimized to be as low as 12 nH, which results in extremely low self-impedance of the generator ( approximately 0.05 Omega). It ensures effective energy coupling with low impedance loads like Z pinch. The generator operates reliably without any adjustments in 40-80 kV range of charging voltage. Maximum jitter (relative to a triggering pulse) at 40 kV charging voltage is about 7 ns and lower at higher charging voltages. Operation and handling are very simple, because no oil and no purified gases are required for the generator. The GIT-32 generator has dimensions of 3200 x 3200 x 400 mm(3) and total weight of about 2500 kg, thus manifesting itself as a simple, robust, and cost effective apparatus.     

Note: Compact high voltage pulse transformer made using a capacitor bank assembled in the shape of primary

The experimental results of an air-core pulse transformer are presented, which is very compact (<10 Kg in weight) and is primed by a capacitor bank that is fabricated in such a way that the capacitor bank with its switch takes the shape of single-turn rectangular shaped primary of the transformer. A high voltage capacitor assembly (pulse-forming-line capacitor, PFL) of 5.1 nF is connected with the secondary of transformer. The transformer output voltage is 160 kV in its second peak appearing in less than 2 μS from the beginning of the capacitor discharge. The primary capacitor bank can be charged up to a maximum of 18 kV, with the voltage delivery of 360 kV in similar capacitive loads.     

压控跟踪滤波器原理与实现方法

介绍压控式跟踪滤波器的原理,并提出一种新的设计方法,较高精度地提取外部信号,信噪比高,同时将该方法运用在动平衡机检测电路中。实践表明,该方法具有测量精度高,准确可靠等特点。     

微小型零件边缘光学特征和识别技术

分析了非相干光照明条件下微小型零件的边缘光学特征,传统的边缘检测方法没有考虑微小型零件的边缘光学特征,不能满足显微视觉测量方法的精度要求。针对微小型零件边缘检测的问题,提出一种基于最小二乘拟合的亚像素边缘检测方法。首先找出边缘区域灰度值最大和最小的点,根据灰度值最大和最小的点计算出阈值,然后将灰度值最大和最小点之间的点用直线方程回归,根据阈值的大小求出微小型零件的尺寸。试验结果表明,这种新的方法能够准确地识别出微小型零件的边缘,满足显微视觉测量精度的要求。     

A voltage stabilizer on a storage capacitor

A voltage stabilizer on a storage capacitor is intended for converting constant unstabilized voltages into pulsed voltages with stabilized amplitudes in power supply circuits for lasers. The principle of operation of this stabilizer is based on preliminarily charging of the storage capacitor to a voltage intended for compensating for an alternating component of the input voltage. The proposed technical decision significantly increases the laser emission stability. A voltage U _out = 1000 ± 1 V was obtained across the storage capacior, and the stabilization coefficient was ～100.     

基于虚拟仪器的磁电机定子自动检测系统

为了满足电容充电式无触点(CDI)磁电机定子出厂性能检测的需求,提高检测精度、效率以及自动化水平,研究开发了一种磁电机定子自动检测系统。基于LabVIEW测控平台,设计并开发了检测台人机界面,实现了手动和自动控制两种模式的转换运行;对磁电机电压信号进行了采集、滤波、时频和峰值处理,同步测试出了开路峰值电压和点火提前角等指标;采用三针放电模拟火花塞点火,通过对火花电压和电流同步积分运算得出了点火能量值。该系统通过实际检测台的开发验证,能够自动同时测试出两个定子的各项性能指标,效率提高80%,测试误差不超过1%。研究结果表明,该系统具有较高的测量精度和柔性,能显著降低测试成本和工人劳动强度。     

功率均分控制下并联逆变器功率检测方法研究

针对"功率均分方式控制的逆变器并联系统在轻载运行时,受到传感器精度的影响,系统无法准确检测出功率,从而影响并联控制性能"的问题,将以滤波电感电流代替输出电流检测功率的方法应用到功率均分控制方法中。首先对采用传统的功率检测和采用电感电流进行功率检测的方法时传感器精度对采样电流的影响进行了对比分析,然后并针对采用电感电流进行功率检测方法对功率均分控制的影响进行了讨论;最后在Matlab仿真平台上对功率均分控制下使用两种采样方法得到的功率检测效果进行了仿真对比。研究结果表明,在系统额定运行时,分别采样电感电流和输出电流并进行功率检测时,两种检测方法对系统电压调节的效果基本相同;在系统轻载运行时,用电感电流代替输出电流进行功率检测可以降低传感器精度对控制方法的影响,改善对系统环流的抑制效果。     

一种新型的三电平逆变器中点电压平衡控制策略

三电平逆变器中直流侧中点电容电压平衡问题直接影响着逆变器及其电机调速系统的可靠性。文章首先介绍了三电平逆变器的SVPWM算法；在此基础上，提出采用动态调整正负空间电压矢量作用时间的方法来实现中点电位平衡，并作了具体的阐述。理论分析和仿真结果表明，此方法能有效地平衡三电平逆变器的中点电压。     

Design of an ultrahigh-energy hydrogen thyratron/SCR research defibrillator.

The design features of an ultrahigh-energy research defibrillator are described. Three voltage sources are used. The first is a 60-Hz supply of adjustable amplitude and duration for inducing fibrillation. The second source uses an 18.000-joule capacitor bank which can be charged to 800, 1600, or 2400 volts. SCRs in series with the chest are used to initiate the discharge, and SCRs shunting the capacitor bank terminate the discharge. The third source employs another 18,000-joule capacitor bank which can be charged to 5000, 10,000 or 15,000 volts. In this source, large ceramic-enveloped hydrogen thyratrons are used for both initiating and terminating the discharge. In the second and third sources, which can deliver rectangular, trapezoidal, truncated exponential, or untruncated exponential waveforms, capacitor charge time is 10 sec and the duration of the delivered shock is continuously adjustable from 100 musec through 1 sec.     

High-voltage pulsed generator for dynamic fragmentation of rocks

A portable high-voltage (HV) pulsed generator has been designed for rock fragmentation experiments. The generator can be used also for other technological applications. The installation consists of low voltage block, HV block, coaxial transmission line, fragmentation chamber, and control system block. Low voltage block of the generator, consisting of a primary capacitor bank (300?μF) and a thyristor switch, stores pulse energy and transfers it to the HV block. The primary capacitor bank stores energy of 600 J at the maximum charging voltage of 2 kV. HV block includes HV pulsed step up transformer, HV capacitive storage, and two electrode gas switch. The following technical parameters of the generator were achieved: output voltage up to 300 kV, voltage rise time of ～50?ns, current amplitude of ～6?kA with the 40?Ω active load, and ～20?kA in a rock fragmentation regime (with discharge in a rock-water mixture). Typical operation regime is a burst of 1000 pulses with a frequency of 10 Hz. The operation process can be controlled within a wide range of parameters. The entire installation (generator, transmission line, treatment chamber, and measuring probes) is designed like a continuous Faraday's cage (complete shielding) to exclude external electromagnetic perturbations.