二维编织SiC/SiC复合材料的剪切性能

通过单向以及循环加卸载面内剪切试验,结合试件失效分析,研究了二维编织SiC/SiC复合材料的面内剪切特性。将试件剪切响应分为弹性部分和非弹性部分,分别由卸载模量和残余应变表征,由此得到剪切应力-应变关系表达式。试验结果表明,卸载模量随应力以指数形式衰减,残余应变随应力以指数形式增大。预测剪切应力-应变曲线与试验曲线吻合很好。     

6061-T6铝合金薄板剪切试件设计及动态剪切力学特性分析

车身结构影响了整车的碰撞安全性,其中车身承载部件在碰撞过程中主要表现为剪切失效,因此需要对车身材料的动态剪切力学特性展开研究。为了描述6061-T6铝合金材料在复杂工况下的力学特性,进行了准静态和动态力学性能试验。基于不同应力状态和应变率下铝合金力学性能的测试数据,标定了材料的本构模型和断裂模型参数,并通过对比试验与仿真结果验证了材料参数的准确性。为了实现拉伸试验机开展铝合金薄板剪切试验,设计四种形状的薄板剪切试件,采用数值模拟对比所设计剪切试件的应力及应变分布,并分析不同剪切应变率对6061-T6铝合金材料剪切力学特性的影响规律。结果表明：圆形开口对称试件适用于研究塑性变形阶段的失效断裂,而圆形开口偏置试件适用于研究弹性变形阶段的应力应变关系。在低剪切应变率范围内,6061-T6铝合金无显著的应变率强化效应,然而随着应变率的增加敏感性有所提高。     

试件型式对COD启裂值及阻力曲线的影响

本文采用卸载剖面法测试了CCT试件和TPB试件的卸载COD阻力曲线及卸载伸张区,并且用弹塑性有限元法计算了两种试件裂纹前方韧带上的应力应变场。试验结果表明,COD启裂值和阻力曲线斜率均依赖于试件型式。CCT试件的断裂阻力比TPB试件的断裂阻力大。两种试件边界条件不同,尖端附近应力应变场也不同,因此导致了断裂阻力的差别.     

6061铝合金断裂机理的原位拉伸研究

用SEM-520原位拉伸试验对不同应力状态下6061铝合金试件的断裂过程进行研究.结果表明,不同应力状态下的铝合金试样在拉伸过程中其表面均产生了大量的滑移带,但断裂机理不同.随着三轴应力度的降低,断裂从韧窝聚合型混合剪切机制向纯剪切断裂机制过渡,试件断口也由韧窝断裂模式向剪切断裂模式演变;6061铝合金晶界处为最薄弱环节,微裂纹形核于晶界,随载荷的增加,微裂纹长大和扩展.微裂纹之间通过扩展或剪切而连接导致试样断裂;试样最小断面上的三轴应力度越小,试样断口的两个面上韧窝的取向就越明显,断口越光滑.     

韧性断裂准则的试验与理论研究

对不同样式的45钢和6082铝合金试件进行了拉伸、压缩、剪切、扭转等材料试验，对工程中使用的11个韧性断裂准则进行对比研究，并利用专业塑性成形分析软件对试验过程进行二维和三维情形的数值模拟。指出目前使用的韧性断裂准则都不可能对材料在任意应力应变状态和变形累积的情况下给出一个固定阈值，并给出了基于等效应变和应力三轴度的韧性断裂准则修正公式，通过厚板普通冲裁和精密冲裁试验证明了结论的有效性。     

金属圆柱棒的高速剪切断裂数值模拟及实验研究

介绍利用弹塑性有限元模拟金属圆柱棒的剪切断裂过程,分析高速径向夹紧剪切时材料断裂过程、材料破坏准则的选取等关键技术。应用单元消除法分析剪切裂纹的扩展,得到剪切各个阶段的金属流动、应力、应变的分布情况,并在棒料高速剪切机上进行实验研究,实验结果与模拟结果一致,从而验证采用径向夹紧的高速剪切工艺可以极大地提高剪切下料的生产效率和剪切断面质量。     

相变诱发塑性钢板的非弹性回复行为及其对回弹的影响

分析相变诱发塑性钢板因塑性变形而引起的非弹性回复行为.通过相变诱发塑性钢板在不同应变水平下单向拉伸试验,对变形前后的微观组织进行扫描电镜金相观察,用位错理论对非弹性回复的机理进行分析,重点对相变诱发塑性钢板卸载后的应变回复的组成及其随塑性应变的变化规律进行详细的讨论,通过试验数据的拟合建立弹性模量模型.将该模型引入有限元软件中进行U形件的回弹仿真,并进行试验验证.研究表明:相变产物马氏体引起微观结构改变,导致相变诱发塑性钢板具有显著的非弹性回复行为;相变诱发塑性钢板卸载后的应变回复由弹性部分和非弹性部分组成,其中非弹性回复所占比例最高可达20%;采用建立的弹性模量模型的回弹仿真结果与试验值吻合较好.     

基于Lou-2013韧性断裂准则5182铝板成形极限研究

以Lou-2013韧性断裂准则为理论基础研究5182铝合金板材的韧性断裂力学性能,设计圆孔试件、平面应变试件和平面剪切试件的拉伸试验来获取准则中的材料参数。通过该准则确定"断裂应变?应力三轴度"曲线,为ABAQUS软件中的韧性损伤材料模型提供损伤判据,构建5182铝合金板材的韧性损伤仿真模型。利用此模型对上述三个试件的拉伸过程,以及半球形凸模胀形试验过程进行有限元仿真,并通过数据分析绘制基础拉伸试验与半球形凸模胀形仿真相结合的5182铝合金板材成形极限图。试验与仿真表明,所建立的有限元材料模型能够准确地再现三种试件的力程曲线和断裂特征;通过基础拉伸试验与半球形凸模胀形仿真相结合求解出的成形极限图包含两条曲线:损伤成形极限曲线(Damageforminglimitcurve,Damage FLC)和断裂成形极限曲线(Fracture FLC)。与成形极限试验数据对比表明,采用Damage FLC判定板材破裂失稳偏于安全,为实测成形极限数值的下限,而采用Fracture FLC判定则偏于危险。     

高强度钢板非弹性回复行为实验研究

通过在不同塑性应变水平下的加载-卸载实验,对TRIP600和H220BD两种高强度钢板卸载后的应变回复行为及其随塑性应变的变化规律进行了详细的分析,并建立了弹性模量计算模型。结果表明:高强度钢板卸载后产生的应变回复由弹性部分和非弹性部分组成,其中非弹性应变回复所占比例在塑性应变为0.2时可达20%;弹性模量随着应变的增大而下降,且下降幅度逐渐减小,当应变增大到一定水平时弹性模量趋于一个稳定值。     

GCr15轴承钢剪切分析韧性断裂准则的适用性研究

运用DEFORM有限元软件,采用试验与有限元模拟相结合的方法,对DEFORM内嵌的几个断裂准则在GCr15轴承钢板料剪切成形中的适用性进行了研究分析,发现所研究的8个准则均不能直接用于准确预测GCr15轴承钢板料剪切断面的光亮带高度。为此,提出了一种修正阀值、分段拟合的模拟方法,使所研究的断裂准则在阀值修正之后能够较为准确地预测GCr15剪切断面光亮带的实际高度。     

纤维增强金属基复合材料弹塑性行为分析

在分析复合材料宏、细观场量之间联系的基础上 ,基于复合材料细观结构周期性假设 ,选取适当的代表性体积元 ,采用弱化的边界连续性与周期性条件 ,通过对细观力学方程的建立与求解 ,建立了一种纤维增强金属基复合材料宏、细观统一力学模型。该模型建立起了宏、细观场量的联系 ,获得了宏观应力 -应变关系。试验及理论计算表明 ,该模型能够较好地预测复合材料宏观弹塑性性能。利用该模型分析了复合材料宏观弹塑性应力 -应变响应以及细观几何结构特征对宏观弹塑性性能的影响。此外 ,将该模型与常规的结构分析方法 (如有限元法 )相结合 ,能够开展对金属基复合材料结构的弹塑性行为分析。     

Inelastic nonlinear behavior of steel trusses cooled down from a heating stage

This paper is to study the inelastic nonlinear behavior of steel trusses cooled down from a heating stage, a problem that was rarely investigated before. Bilinear elastoplastic model is adopted for steel. Softening of elastic modulus and yield stress at elevated temperatures is considered by the reduction factors of Eurocode3. The plastic strain resulting from strain reversal is included in the stress-strain curves. Instantaneous modulus is proposed for simulating the unloading (loading) behavior caused by cooling (heating). Both the thermal and plastic strains are considered in the force-displacement relation for truss members. The temperature-deflection curves obtained for a simple truss serve as the benchmark problem for checking the validity of other approaches in treating the heating and cooling stages. For general applications, the elastoplastic finite element derived was adopted to solve the cooling responses of preheated steel trusses by the Newton-Raphson method. The permanent deformation and residue stress computed for each member are useful for evaluating the reusability and safety of steel trusses after a fire attack.     

多轴随机应变加载下铝合金缺口件有限元分析及寿命预测

在应变控制下对7075-T7451铝合金实心棒带U型环状缺口试件进行拉—扭比例、非比例恒幅和随机加载疲劳试验。查明名义剪切应力最大值与轴向应力最大值的下降规律,并用两者最先开始下降时的循环数比值来评估裂纹萌生寿命。利用弹塑性有限元法分析不同加载条件下试件缺口根部的循环应力、应变响应。基于有限元计算得到的应力、应变结果,采用拉伸型多轴疲劳损伤模型预测随机加载条件下缺口试件的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命,计算结果与试验得到的寿命比较吻合。     

Evaluation method of multiaxial low cycle fatigue life for cubic single crystal material

The coupling effect of normal stress and shear stress on orthotropic materials happens when applied loading deflects from the directions of the principal axes of the material coordinate system. By taking account of the coupling effects, formulas of equivalent stress and strain for cubic single crystal materials are cited. Using the equivalent strain and equivalent stress for such material and a variable k, which is introduced to express the effect of asymmetrical cyclic loading on fatigue life, a low cycle fatigue (LCF) life prediction model for such material in multiaxial stress starts is proposed. On the basis of the yield criterion and constitutive model of cubic single crystal materials, a subroutine to calculate the thermo elastic-plastic stress-strain of the material on an ANSYS platform was developed. The cyclic stress-strain of DD3 notched specimens under asymmetrical loading at 680°C was analyzed. Low cycle fatigue test data of the single crystal nickel-based superalloy are used to fit the different parameters of the power law with multiple linear regression analysis. The equivalent stress and strain for a cubic single crystal material as failure parameters have the largest correlation coefficient. A power law exists between k and the failure cycle. The model was validated with LCF test data of CMSX-2 and DD3 single crystal nickel-based superalloys. All the test data fall into the factor of 2.5 for CMSX-2 hollow cylinder specimens and 2.0 scatter band for DD3 notched specimens, respectively.     

3D-C/SiC复合材料的高温拉伸性能

研究了 3D C/SiC复合材料从室温到 15 0 0℃真空条件的拉伸性能。试验材料用T30 0碳纤维编织为三维四向编织体 ,编织角为 2 2° ,用CVI法在 95 0℃～ 10 0 0℃沉积热解碳界面层、SiC基体。最终得到纤维体积分数约为4 0vol%、热解碳界面层厚度约 0 .2 μm和空隙率为 17vol%的复合材料 ,表面SiC涂层厚度为 5 0 μm。试验在超高温拉伸试验机上进行 ,真空度为 10 -3 Pa ,夹头位移速率为 0 .5 95mm/min。结果表明 ,拉伸应力 应变曲线是非线性的 ,大部分拉伸曲线基本由三段折线组成 ,对应着三段模量。第一阶段的模量和基体裂纹饱和应力对应的应变εsa 基本不随温度的升高而改变 ;第二和第三阶段的模量、损伤开始应力σmc、基体裂纹饱和应力σsa、断裂应力σf 和损伤开始应变εmc随温度有相似的变化规律 ,即随温度升高而增加 ,在 110 0℃ ～ 130 0℃范围内出现最大值 ,尔后随温度增加而下降 ;但是断裂应变的变化规律正好与此相反。试样机械加工后 ,由于残余应力部分得到松弛 ,并去除了表面SiC涂层开裂后引起的应力集中 ,因此材料断裂强度和断裂应变明显升高。高温和室温的拉伸断裂应变小于0 .6 % ,不能有效地松弛材料切口处的应力集中。测量了拉伸过程中试样的电阻相对变化率 ,它与载荷的关系曲线总的走势与拉     

平纹编织C/SiC复合材料层合板面内力学性能的可设计性研究

通过试验和理论分析,研究平纹编织C/SiC复合材料层合板的面内承载特性.制备(0°/90°)主方向和(±45°)偏轴向试件,并分别进行室温下面内单向拉伸和剪切试验.试验结果显示平纹编织C/SiC复合材料层合板的力学性能与纤维方向角相关,(±45°)偏轴向试件的抗剪切破坏性能明显较高.基于微观结构的解析模型分析表明,孔洞和微裂纹的存在大幅度降低了SiC基体的有效弹性模量.经典层合板理论仍然适用于该材料类型层合板的刚度分析,从而证实碳纤维对层合板力学性能的控制作用.平纹编织C/SiC复合材料层合板的面内力学性能具备良好的可设计性.     

保载时间对P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互行为的影响

为研究保载时间对蠕变-疲劳寿命和应力-应变响应的影响规律,对P92钢在650℃下进行了应变幅为±0.5％,保载时间为36,600,3600 s的蠕变-疲劳试验,采用Chaboche塑性本构模型和应变强化蠕变模型进行有限元模拟,并对P92钢断裂试样进行透射电镜检测.试验结果表明:保载时间增长导致拉压屈服极限降低,最大拉应...     

An experimental and analytical investigation of in-plane deformation of 2036-T4 aluminum sheet

Sheet aluminum alloy (2036-T4) specimens of several geometries were photogrid-ded and pulled in a tensile testing machine while precision photographs were taken of the photogrid. This technique allowed determination of strain distributions and load-displacement points. These results are compared with corresponding results obtained by Finite Element Modeling based on Hill's anisotropic plasticity theory and experimental tensile stress-strain data. FEM predictions and experimental results are in excellent agreement; verifying Hill's model for the case of in-plane deformation of 2036-T4 aluminum alloy between the strain states of plane strain tension and uniaxial tension.     

Application of distributed optical fiber sensor for monitoring the mechanical performance of a driven pile

This paper proposes a special application of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysis (BOTDA) sensors for monitoring the mechanical performance of a steel H-pile during driving process in a field in Hong Kong. First, basic calibration and the related installation method of optical fiber sensors (OFS) on pile body were introduced. Second, distributed strain profiles along the H-pile during driving process were successfully obtained from optical fiber sensors. Finally, measured strain distributions of the H-pile subjected to two loading/unloading cycles monitored by OFS were used to interpret field performance of the driven pile. Monitoring results indicate that the vertical load applied on the pile head generated significant compressive deformation, which was however mostly released by the corresponding unloading process. The 1st unloading and 2nd unloading processes released around 66% and 72% of the total compressive pile deformation, respectively. The shear stress levels mobilized between H-pile and surrounding soils were limited after each loading/unloading cycle according to the monitoring results. In addition, loading locations on the driven pile can be clearly identified from strain/stress distribution profiles. It is found from the monitoring study that BOTDA based sensors are more useful than some traditional or other point OFS (such as strain gauges or fiber Bragg grating sensors) to evaluate the average strain distribution of large scale structures.