小直径铣刀高速铣削淬硬钢薄壁件的切削参数优化

以正交试验为基础,采用小直径铣刀高速铣削淬硬钢薄壁件,研究不同的切削参数对淬硬钢薄壁件高速铣削时的径向切削力、振动以及工件表面粗糙度的影响并对切削参数进行优化.首先将研究目标化为衡量产品质量稳定性的SN比;然后采用主成分分析法将多目标质量特征转化为单目标质量特征并结合方差分析对切削参数进行优化,不仅分析了切削参数对综合质量目标影响的显著性,而且得出了较为合理的切削参数,对淬硬钢薄壁件的高速铣削具有一定的指导意义.     

高速铣削淬硬钢的表面粗糙度的试验研究

通过试验,对CBN刀具高速铣削淬硬钢工件的表面粗糙度进行了分析。表明润滑方式对表面粗糙度的影响最大,刀具螺旋角的影响次之,而铣削方式的影响较小。     

淬硬钢模具型腔高速加工的试验研究

通过整体硬质合金涂层球头立铣刀高速铣削淬硬钢(55HRC)旋钮模具型腔的单因素法切削试验,研究了不同的切削参数及其变化对模具型腔表面粗糙度的影响规律。     

铣削20CrMnTi钢已加工表面粗糙度的试验研究

采用正交试验法研究CBN直柄平底立铣刀高速铣削20CrMnTi淬硬钢时切削参数对已加工表面粗糙度的影响。通过极差分析方法研究了切削参数对表面粗糙度的影响程度,通过单因素试验法得到了切削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,建立了基于指数函数的切削参数与表面粗糙度的关系模型。利用预测模型得出的表面粗糙度与试验的结果进行误差分析,说明所建立的模型能比较准确地对表面粗糙度进行预测。试验结果表明：各因素的影响程度从大到小依次为铣削深度、每齿进给量和切削速度,表面粗糙度随每齿进给量和铣削深度的增大而增大,随切削速度的增大而减小。     

干式铣削对淬硬钢表面残余应力的影响研究

以SKD11淬硬钢为高速铣削研究对象,研究不同铣削参数对SKD11淬硬钢加工表面残余应力的影响.运用大型商业软件DEFORM-2D建立了干式铣削残余应力的有限元模型,并利用该模型分析不同切削参数对工件表面残余应力的影响情况及残余应力产生的原因;通过实验验证的方法将仿真的结果和实验结果进行对比得出模型误差小于16.4％,证明仿真模型可行.模拟实验得出:在高速铣削SKD11淬硬钢时,适当的减小切削速度和增大切削深度,可有效降低残余应力对加工表面质量的影响.     

淬硬钢高速铣削用量确定方法的研究

采用高速铣削技术加工淬硬钢可以大大改善材料去除率和表面粗糙度,并提高淬硬钢加工效率,降低加工成本.为获得必要的加工精度、表面质量及延长刀具寿命,铣削淬硬钢材料除精心选择刀具材料和几何参数外,必须优化铣削用量.基于淬硬钢高速铣削参数对铣削力影响的理论分析,得出高速铣削淬硬钢宜采用高转速、低进给、小切深的方式进行铣削加工的结论.比较分析了确定淬硬钢高速铣削用量的常用3种方法.     

涂层刀具高速铣削高硬度淬硬钢切削力研究

采用四种不同涂层硬质合金铣刀高速铣削四种不同硬度的淬硬钢材料,研究了刀具涂层成分、工件材料硬度以及切削工艺参数(切削速度、每齿进给量、轴向铣削深度和径向铣削深度)对切削力的影响。研究表明：随着切削速度的增大,淬硬钢P20和S136的切削合力影响较小,而对于淬硬钢SKD11和PM60,改变切削速度对切削合力影响显著。随着切削速度的增大,四种不同涂层刀具切削淬硬钢S136产生的切削合力先快速增大后缓慢减小,刀具切削力大小顺序一直保持为TiSiN>CrSiN>AlCrN>TiAlN,其中TiAlN涂层相对于其余三种刀具涂层在降低切削力、减少工件与刀具之间的相互摩擦具有优势。切削参数的变化对切削力的影响与淬硬钢工件硬度的变化存在相互影响,淬硬钢硬度低于HRC55时,切削工艺参数的变化对于切削力的变化影响不明显;而当淬硬钢硬度高于HRC60时,随着切削工艺参数的增大,切削力发生显著变化。     

高硬度淬硬钢高速铣削过程的切削温度研究

通过设计在不同加工工艺参数条件下高速铣削高硬度(48HRC～68HRC)淬硬钢试验,研究了切削温度信号的特征,分析了切削温度与淬硬钢材料硬度、切削工艺参数的关系。结果表明:随着淬硬钢材料硬度的增大,切削温度呈现递增趋势,4种淬硬钢的切削温度随材料硬度变化顺序为:PM60SKD11S136P20,其中,PM60材料的切削温度远高于其余3种淬硬钢材料;随着切削工艺参数(切削速度、每齿进给量、轴向铣削深度和径向铣削深度)的增大,4种涂层铣刀的切削温度基本呈现出逐渐增高的趋势,其中TiSiN和TiAlN涂层铣刀的切削温度增高幅度大于AlCrN和CrSiN涂层铣刀。建立了4种涂层铣刀高速铣削淬硬钢S136的切削温度多元回归预测模型,可应用于淬硬钢S136的切削温度预测。     

涂层刀具高速铣削高硬度淬硬钢的振动研究

高硬度淬硬钢高速铣削过程具有高铣削速度和高加工表面硬度的特性,平稳高效的铣削能保证加工质量和精度,铣削振动的产生限制了硬态切削技术优越性的发挥.通过设计在不同加工工艺参数条件下涂层刀具高速铣削高硬度(HRC 48～68)淬硬钢试验,使用LMS Test9A测试分析软件采集铣削振动信号,进行时域和频域分析,研究铣削振动与淬硬钢材料硬度、铣削工艺参数的关系.结果表明:淬硬钢工件材料硬度提高,将使涂层刀具前刀面与淬硬钢工件材料的摩擦增大,进给方向摩擦阻力增大,振动信号幅值增大;TiAlN和AlCrN涂层刀具铣削时产生的振动信号相对TiSiN和CrSiN涂层刀具偏小,涂层设计过程中Al元素的添加对抑制和减少淬硬钢铣削振动有积极作用;铣削工艺参数值的变化对刀具进给方向铣削振动的影响各不相同,其中铣削速度的变化使铣削振动产生一个振动极值点;为了获得较小的铣削振动幅值和较高的铣削效率,优先选择的铣削参数值应使铣削振动尽可能减小.     

淬硬钢斜面铣削路径试验研究

对淬硬钢斜面铣削路径进行了试验研究。针对45°倾角淬硬钢斜面铣削路径,采用常规等高铣削、沿斜面铣削及多种角度非常规沿斜线铣削进行了加工试验,测定切削过程中的切削力、切削振动及已加工表面的粗糙度。对试验结果进行对比分析,得出各种斜面铣削路径的加工特性,进而对斜面铣削进行优化。     

超声纵扭辅助铣削高强铝合金表面润湿性能研究

针对超声辅助加工在工件表面形成微刻划表面可以提高高强铝合金表面的微结构性能的现象,进行了单激励旋转超声纵扭复合铣削表面微观结构的试验,基于水接触角理论和纵扭铣削运动学理论分析了加工参数对水接触角的影响;搭建了单激励超声纵扭铣削试验平台,采用正交试验法研究了不同加工参数对表面粗糙度、铣削力以及表面润湿性能的影响。结果表明：超声振幅为4 μm时表面质量最佳,切削速度和进给量与表面粗糙度和水接触角呈正相关的关系;超声加工方式下的表面水接触角较普通方式更大,而在超声加工时低振幅加工比高振幅加工的表面水接触角大,当转速达到一定值时,高振幅和低振幅所加工的表面水接触角差别不大。合适的加工参数条件下超声纵扭加工方式可以降低加工表面的粗糙度,改变表面的润湿性。     

EFFECT OF PROCESS PARAMETERS AND TOOL SHAPE ON THE MACHINABILITY OF A PARTICULATE FILLED-POLYMER COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR RAPID TOOLING

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the effects of machining parameters (cutting speed, feed, depth of cut) and tool shape on chip formation, surface topography, resultant cutting force and surface roughness produced in flat and ball end milling of the Ren Shape-Express 2000™ aluminum particulate filled-polymer composite material. This material is shown to exhibit a brittle-to-ductile transition in chip formation with decreasing cutting speed. The transition is explained by the strain-rate sensitivity of the polymer matrix and is found to correlate well with a corresponding change in the surface roughness. The absence of clear feed marks on the milled surface explains why molds made from the composite material require less hand polishing than machined metal molds. The influence of cutting conditions and tool shape (flat end vs. ball-nose) on the cutting force, surface roughness, and workpiece breakout are discussed and relevant comparisons with conventional metal and polymer machining are made.     

Surface topography analysis in high speed finish milling inclined hardened steel

The surface texture of a milled surface is an inherently important process response in finish milling. It is one of the most commonly used criteria to determine the machinability of a particular workpiece material. However, literature survey on the study of the surface topography analysis relating to the cutter path orientations when high speed finish inclined milling is scant. Previous works were either involved in conventional milling of easy-to-cut workpiece materials or machining at different workpiece inclination angles. Furthermore, none of the previous work has detailed the true surface topography of the machined surface with regards to the cutter condition. Instead, the works provided quantitative values in terms of the Ra value. This article is concerned with evaluating cutter path orientations on an inclined workpiece angle of 75° to simulate finish milling of free form moulds and dies. Surface topography effects are assessed with regards to different cutter path orientations on its surface. The aims of this study are to provide an in-depth understanding on the surface texture produced by various cutter path orientations when high speed finish inclined milling hardened steel at a workpiece inclination angle of 75° using surface topography analysis and determine the best cutter path orientation with respect to the best surface texture achieved. 3D topography maps together with 2D surface profiles are used to assess the experimental results. The conclusion is that milling in a single direction vertical upward orientation gave the best workpiece surface texture.     

The effect of particle hardness and shape when abrasive water jet milling titanium alloy Ti6Al4V

Legislative restriction on effluent disposal has resulted in an increase in the environmental costs of chemical milling and replacement methods are being sought. Abrasive water jet cutting (AWJ) is a mature process that is employed to through cut materials that are difficult to process by more conventional methods and the process is also being developed for controlled depth milling (CDM) to produce three-dimensional features which in the past might have been produced by chemical or etching processes. A major problem to be solved when using AWJ as a CDM technique is that of tolerance on depth, surface waviness and surface roughness of the milled area. In the current work, the effects of milling parameters on the surface characteristics are investigated when milling a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) with different abrasives, namely white and brown aluminium oxide, garnet, glass beads and steel shot. It has been demonstrated that the ratio between the hardness of the workpiece and the abrasive is more important than particle shape. Material removal rate and surface roughness increased when particle hardness is increased. Shape factor and particle hardness have no significant effect on surface waviness. For the abrasives investigated; traverse speed is shown to govern the operative mechanism of material removal and thus the material removal rate. It is also shown that the surface waviness can be reduced as the traverse speed is increased whilst, the surface roughness is not strongly dependent on traverse speed.     

Influence of cutting speed on surface integrity for powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH95

Powder metallurgy (PM) nickel-based superalloy FGH95 has been widely used for components, which requires the greatest service performance. The surface integrity is becoming more and more important in order to satisfy the increasing service demands. However, the machined surface of FGH95 is easily damaged due to its poor machinability. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of dry milling process parameters on the surface integrity of FGH95. Experiments were conducted on a CNC machining center under different cutting speeds. The machined surface is evaluated in terms of surface roughness, microhardness and white layer. Experiments results show milled surface integrity of FGH95 is sensitivity to the cutting speeds. The machined surface roughness decreases with increase of the cutting speed, but with further increase of cutting speed between 80?m/min to 100?m/min an increase in surface roughness appears. For microhardness, it can be seen that the machined workpiece surface hardens seriously. It can also draw the conclusion that cutting speed has the marginal effect on the white layer thickness generated in the machined subsurface.     

An investigation into material-induced surface roughness in ultra-precision milling

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation into the effect of the workpiece material on surface roughness in the ultra-precision milling process. The influences of material swelling and tool-tip vibration on surface generation in ultra-precision raster milling are studied. A new method is proposed to characterize material-induced surface roughness on the raster-milled surface. A new parameter is defined to characterize the extent of surface roughness profile distortion induced by the materials being cut. An experiment is conducted to compare the proposed method with surface roughness parameters and power spectrum density analysis method by machining three different workpiece materials. The results show that the presence of elastic recovery improves the surface finish in ultra-precision raster milling and that, among the three materials being cut in the experiment, aluminum bronze has the greatest influence on surface finish due to its highest elastic recovery rate and hardness. The results also show that, in the case of faster feed rates, the proposed method more efficiently characterizes material-induced surface roughness.     

基于多源异构数据的数控铣削表面粗糙度预测方法

针对传统数控铣削表面粗糙度预测模型泛化性差、精度较低等问题,提出了一种基于多源异构数据的数控铣削表面粗糙度预测方法.获取变工艺条件下数控铣削的工艺参数、刀具直径及工件材料等静态数据和振动信号、力信号及功率信号等动态数据;采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化卷积神经网络(CNN)的网络结构参数得到PSO-CNN;运用PSO-...     

Surface roughness analysis of hardened steel after high-speed milling

The work refers to analysis of various factors affecting surface roughness after end milling of hardened steel in high-speed milling (HSM) conditions. Investigations of milling parameters (cutting speed v(c) , axial depth of cut a(p) ) and the process dynamics that influence machined surface roughness were presented, and a surface roughness model, including cutter displacements, was elaborated. The work also involved analysis of surface profile charts from the point of view of vibrations and cutting force components. The research showed that theoretic surface roughness resulting from the kinematic-geometric projection of cutting edge in the workpiece is significantly different from the reality. The dominant factor in the research was not feed per tooth f(z) (according to the theoretical model) but dynamical phenomena and feed per revolution f.     

Influence of ultrasonic vibrations on side milling of AISI 420 stainless steel

Characteristics of one-dimensional ultrasonic-assisted side milling of AISI 420 stainless steel have been investigated in this paper. Cutting force in ultrasonic-assisted milling (UAM) has been modeled, and new relations for critical cutting speed and undeformed chip thickness have been presented. Based on analytic relations, it can be inferred that in successive end mill revolutions, contrary to conventional milling (CM), cutting forces in UAM have different magnitudes. In order to experimentally investigate the cutting forces and the workpiece surface roughness, CM and UAM processes have been applied and compared in certain cutting conditions. Experimental results indicate that the average of cutting forces in UAM is less than in CM, and depending on cutting parameters, workpiece surface roughness in UAM can improve. During small value of feed, the influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the decrease of cutting forces is more noticeable in up milling, while during larger feed, employing UAM is more effective in down milling. It seems that for low feed rates, high cutting speeds and up milling process, the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the surface roughness is more noticeable.     

Roughness modeling and optimization in CNC end milling using response surface method: effect of workpiece material variation

Influence of machining parameters, viz., spindle speed, depth of cut and feed rate, on the quality of surface produced in CNC end milling is investigated. In the present study, experiments are conducted for three different workpiece materials to see the effect of workpiece material variation in this respect. Five roughness parameters, viz., centre line average roughness, root mean square roughness, skewness, kurtosis and mean line peak spacing have been considered. The second-order mathematical models, in terms of the machining parameters, have been developed for each of these five roughness parameters prediction using response surface method on the basis of experimental results. The roughness models as well as the significance of the machining parameters have been validated with analysis of variance. It is found that the response surface models for different roughness parameters are specific to workpiece materials. An attempt has also been made to obtain optimum cutting conditions with respect to each of the five roughness parameters considered in the present study with the help of response optimization technique.