认真贯彻大气污染物排放标准

环境保护是我国的基本国策。随着我国工业的高速发展,全国电站装机容量不断增加,火电行业排放的烟尘、二氧化硫呈现递增的趋势,产生了一些不可忽视的环境污染问题。根据国家环保局统计,1992年工业烟尘排放总量为870万t,其中电力业烟尘排放量为 388 t,而火电行业烟尘、二氧化硫约占总排放量的25％。因此,认真贯彻二氧化硫及烟尘排放标准,研制高效能、低污染的烟尘治理设备,是当前环保工作者的重要课题。     

氨-硫铵回收法在锅炉烟气脱硫中的应用

通过对3台130t/h循环流化床锅炉尾气采用氨-硫铵回收法脱硫技术和1台75t/h的三废混燃炉采用造气循环水脱硫技术,使锅炉和三废炉烟气中二氧化硫排放浓度和烟尘浓度大幅下降,三废每年可削减二氧化硫排放1014t、烟尘111t,并且可以消耗部分高氨氮的造气循环水,具有显著的环境和社会效益,对周围大气环境的改善具有非常明显的正效应。     

恒定的低浓度二氧化硫标准气体的配制

二氧化硫是大气污染监测的主要指标之一。在研制大气中二氧化硫测定方法和分析仪器时,往往需要制备恒定的低浓度二氧化硫标准气体。由于二氧化硫的化学性质比较活泼,用静态配气法难以做到稳定、可靠。渗透管法是近年来发展起来的一种制备恒定的低浓度混合气体的方法,经校准的渗透管当作一种标准气源来使用。我们在研制大气二氧化硫测定仪     

哈锅洁净煤技术开发及工程应用效果良好

长期以来 ,煤是人类获取能量的主要来源之一。但是 ,煤在提供能量的同时 ,也给人类带来了困扰 ,煤燃烧过程中会产生大量的污染物 ,可导致严重的大气污染、酸雨和水污染。我国煤碳总量的 80 %以上用于直接燃烧 ,因而二氧化硫排放量的 90 %、烟尘排放量的70 %是燃煤造成的。我国是联合国《气候变化框架公约》的签字国 ,发展煤的洁净利用技术 ,减少二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟尘和酸雨污染 ,是实现可持续发展的重要组成部分 ,也是促进我国以煤碳为主的能源系统向保护环境、可持续性发展的模式转变的战略组成部分。哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 (原哈尔…     

非分散红外二氧化硫浓度测试系统设计

烟道排放的二氧化硫气体对人体健康和生态环境等有着严重的危害性,因此实时检测二氧化硫气体的产生和浓度具有重要的意义.基于红外吸收检测原理,采用双波长单光路结构,设计了集光源、气室、探测器为一体的浓度测试探头,利用差分放大电路和锁相放大电路实现二氧化硫气体的浓度测量.在实验室条件下,对二氧化硫气体进行了实时连续检测,并对实验结果进行了分析和探讨.实验结果表明,该系统测量精度高,具有较好的稳定性,且结构简单易实现,可实现二氧化硫气体的实时在线检测.     

光后向散射式烟尘在线测量样机的研制

为弥补传统不透明式烟尘浓度检测仪器的监测及安装的不便,在已设计的一套具有较高灵敏度的利用光后向散射法测烟尘浓度的装置基础上,结合单片机、计算机研制了一套价格比较低廉、易安装且灵敏度较高的能实时在线测量烟尘浓度的测量样机。实验结果证明该样机对粒径范围在几百nm到几μm的烟尘颗粒具有较好的测试性能。     

火力发电厂烟尘测试技术与仪器

介绍我国火电厂烟尘测试技术的发展和现状,并分类论述了几种测量方法的测量原理和性能特点,对测试系统的选择具有一定的指导作用.     

新型桥壳圆头加工设备双头锯床研制与应用

提供了一种新型的桥壳圆头加工工艺,主要目的是消除传统火焰切割桥壳圆头加工产生的割渣和烟尘,降低室内烟尘浓度。详细阐述一种新型的双头锯床研制与应用,这种双头锯床具有自动化、加工精度高、无烟尘污染等特点。     

3012H型自动烟尘（气）测试仪常见问题与分析

3012H型自动烟尘（气）测试仪可用于各种锅炉、炉窑烟尘（气）的排放浓度、总量及设备除尘脱硫效率的测定,是环境日常监测中的常用仪器,此仪器在使用过程中经常会出现一些常见问题。本文主要对3012H型自动烟尘（气）测试仪在实际监测过程中出现的常见二氧化硫、动压、泵、显示器、校准等问题进行了系统的分析与总结,并提出了一些合理化建议。为从事此项工作的监测人员以参考、借鉴。     

电焊工用防尘过滤面罩

一、问题的提出随着焊接技术的不断发展,人们逐渐认识到电焊烟尘对身体的毒害,并采取了许多防止烟尘毒害的措施和方法。但是,在密封容器、船舱内的电焊作业的防尘、防毒问题仍没有得到彻底解决。如目前我国球形储罐内施焊的电弧焊烟尘浓度高达800mg/m~3以上,这样浓度的电焊烟尘不但会引起电焊尘肺,而且还会刺激上呼吸道,引起炎症,造成氟中毒和锰中毒。为了保     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。