制造/再制造集成物流网络设计的随机规划模型

为了合理设计制造／再制造混合系统中的集成物流网络结构，综合考虑网络中正向物流和逆向物流的设施集成与运输整舍，以及产品需求量和废旧产品回收量的随机性，提出了一种制造／再制造集成物流网络优化设计的两阶段补偿随机规划模型，用以确定网络中各种设施的数量及其位置，并在由此构成的各条物流路径上合理分配物流量，目标是使计划期内的净成本最小。算例验证了随机规划模型的有效性。     

基于混合遗传算法的制造/再制造集成物流网络优化设计

为了合理设计制造／再制造混合系统中的集成物流网络结构，综合考虑网络中正向和逆向物流的设施集成与运输整合，建立了一种制造／再制造集成物流网络优化设计的混合整数非线性规划模型，以确定网络中各种设施的数量、位置及规模，并在由此构成的各条物流路径上合理分配物流量，目标是使运营周期内的净收益最大。提出了一种采用自适应交叉和变异操作的混合遗传算法对设计进行优化。最后，通过一个算例验证了所提模型及算法的有效性。     

制造/再制造混合系统中集成物流网络优化设计模型研究

为提高制造/再制造混合系统中的物流管理绩效,合理设计制造/再制造集成物流网络结构,基于混合整数线性规划方法,提出了一种制造/再制造集成物流网络优化设计模型,据此确定网络中各种设施的数量、位置及物流量分配,以使投资和运营的总成本最小.该模型的特点是：适合单产品、单周期、有能力限制的制造/再制造集成物流网络设施选址-分配问题.考虑了集成物流网络中共用设施的选址;正向物流中统筹考虑再制造产品和新产品的物流分配,但再制造产品和新产品不能相互替代.最后,通过一个算例验证了所提模型的有效性.     

面向再制造的逆向物流体系结构研究

介绍再制造与逆向物流的内涵,分析开展再制造逆向物流所面临的困难,在此基础上构建了再制造逆向物流的体系结构和闭环流程模型,并解释模型中再制造逆向物流的关键环节,最后给出实施再制造逆向物流的管理对策.     

产品再制造逆向物流管理策略研究

介绍再制造的内涵,分析再制造中产品回收的特点、回收成本与效益.介绍逆向物流的概念,与正向物流对比分析逆向物流的特点,提出再制造逆向物流管理中的问题,探讨产品再制造逆向物流的管理策略.     

基于系统动力学的闭环供应链中的牛鞭效应

为了基于闭环供应链研究逆向物流对牛鞭效应的影响,运用系统动力学原理和VENSIM软件构建四级闭环供应链模型。通过改变回收比率、回收产品再制造比例和回收延迟证的仿真,证明逆向物流的存在可以减弱正向物流中的牛鞭效应,而且逆向物流的回收比率越高,回收再制造经过的节点越少,回收延迟越小,则逆向物流对牛鞭效应的减弱效果越明显。     

制造/再制造物流网络优化设计的多周期静态选址模型

制造/再制造物流网络优化设计是制造/再制造物流管理的重要组成部分.考虑到物流系统不同时间段设计参数的差异,建立了物流网络优化设计的多周期、有能力限制、正逆向物流集成运作的混合整数非线性规划模型.利用该模型可以确定制造/再制造混合系统中各种物流设施的位置、数量及其相应的物流量分配,还可以获得计划期内的系统最小总费用.为快速有效地得到设计结果,提出了模型求解的混合遗传算法,介绍了算法的实现步骤.最后通过算例验证了模型及其算法的有效性.     

产品回收多级逆向物流网络优化设计模型

为降低逆向物流成本,改善客户产品回收便利性,优化逆向物流网络中产品回收的渠道选择决策,在原有正向物流网络基础上,提出了包含初始收集点、集中回收中心和回收处理工厂三种物流设施的多级逆向物流网络.以总逆向物流成本最小为目标,兼顾各客户群的产品回收便利性,建立了0-1混合整数规划模型,实现逆向物流网络的选址/分配问题.应用遗传算法求解该模型.模拟算例表明,该算法有效且可行,为企业进行逆向物流网络设计提供可参考的模型和求解算法.     

再制造/制造系统集成物流网络及信息网络研究

在再制造与制造集成系统中，传统的物流网络不再适用。为了解决该问题，研究了再制造／制造系统物流网络的结构，给出了其物流网络的混合整数规划模型，并通过案例进行了分析。该模型特点是：网络结构为闭环网络；正向物流中统筹考虑再生品和新产品的物流分配，再生品和新产品可以相互替代。同时，基于Internet／Intranet／Extranet技术，探讨了对再制造／制造系统物流网络的运行具有重要作用的信息系统的组成。     

随机环境下再制造逆向物流网络优化设计

建立了在第三方逆向物流企业参与情况下的再制造逆向物流网络随机规划模型，给出了用期望值方法和机会约束规划方法求解模型的步骤。通过实例数值仿真，证明了该模型的可行性，揭示了回收量的波动对最优选址策略的影响。     

制造/再制造集成物流网络模糊优化设计方法

为提高制造/再制造物流管理绩效,提出了合理设计制造/再制造闭环物流网络结构.将废旧产品回收量、新产品或再生品需求量、物流设施的生产或处理能力等看成三角或容差模糊参数,建立了单周期、单回收产品、有能力限制、同一物流设施备选地点对应多种可选物流设施类型的集成物流网络设计的模糊混合整数线性规划模型.为求解该模型,利用模糊机会约束规划方法将其转换成等价清晰模型.介绍了模糊混合整数线性规划模型针对同类型不同规模的物流设施选择的扩展应用,阐述了置信水平重要程度的分析方法,通过算例验证了模糊优化设计方法的有效性.     

A multi-echelon reverse logistics network design for product recovery—a case of truck tire remanufacturing

Due to increasing environmental deterioration, government regulations, social responsibilities, resource reduction, and economic factors, many companies are engaged in the product recovery business. Product recovery refers to the set of activities designed to reclaim value from a product at the end of its useful life. Due to the increasing number of vehicles in the country like India, large quantities of used tires are generated every year, and proper disposal of these used tires creates a significant problem in the day-to-day life. An alternative way to recover the value (tire remanufacturing also called retreading) from the used tire is proposed in this work. The implementation of such remanufacturing system usually requires an appropriate reverse logistics network for choosing the physical locations, facilities, and transportation links to convey the used products from customers to the remanufacturing facility and from there to secondary markets. The main objective of this work is to develop a mixed integer nonlinear programming model for maximizing the profit of a multi-echelon reverse logistics network and also to present a real-life case study of truck tire remanufacturing for the secondary market segment. The proposed model is solved using LINGO 8.0 optimization solver which provides the decisions related to the number of facilities to open, their locations, and also the allocation of the corresponding product flows. Finally, it is concluded that the choice of using retreaded tires is a profitable one by the way of cost reduction. Sensitivity analysis of the model is also presented to find the maximum allowable distance between the customers and initial collection points.     

再制造/制造集成系统中的制造商-零售商协调决策问题

提出了由1个制造商、2个零售商组成的双层再制造／制造集成物流网络模型。零售商负责产品的销售与废旧产品的回收。在正向物流中，零售商之间存在数量竞争；在逆向物流中，回收产品的总数量由零售商提供的单位回收价格决定，而各零售商所得回收产品的份额则由零售商提供的单位回收价格与消费者偏好共同决定。利用博弈论，得到了完全信息下的纳什均衡，发现零售商订货量随着制造商的批发价格的增长而递减。在回收中，零售商的单位回收价格不超过制造商提供的单位价格一半。研究了制造商如何协调正向与逆向物流，以便最大化自身的利润，该项研究成果对制造商的决策具有一定指导作用。     

A mixed integer programming model for remanufacturing in reverse logistics environment

Recently, there has been a growing interest in reverse logistics due to environmental deterioration. Firms incorporate reverse flow to their systems for such reasons as ecological and economic factors, government regulations and social responsibilities. In this paper a new mixed integer mathematical model for a remanufacturing system, which includes both forward and reverse flows, is proposed and illustrated on a numerical example. The proposed model provides the optimal values of production and transportation quantities of manufactured and remanufactured products while solving the location problem of dissassembly, collection and distribution facilities. The model is validated by using a set of experimental data reflecting practical business situation. Sensitivity analysis of the model is also presented.     

反向物流及再制造技术的研究现状和发展趋势

反向物流是指产品在顾客使用后重新返回加工和销售渠道的过程；再制造是反向物流中昂贵的、使用后剩余价值高的产品的主要再利用形式。由于反向物流中回收品的数量、质量以及所需处理的不确定性，造成了反向物流和再制造系统运作的困难。分析了反向物流和再制造系统三个主要的子问题：产品回收网络设计问题、反向物流库存问题和再制造生产和调度问题。描述了现有的基本模型、关键技术方法，并分析了其优缺点。概括了相关研究问题的最新进展。最后指出了可能的研究方向。     

Taguchi method for analyzing the tactical planning model in a closed-loop supply chain considering remanufacturing option

Recent years, there has been a growing interest in reverse logistics, recycling, remanufacturing, and reusing due to the environmental concerns, economical issues, and legal obligations. Companies should take into account the recovery options such as recycling, remanufacturing, etc. while preparing their tactical plans. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed for tactical planning in a conceptual closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing option. In the model, both forward and reverse flows are involved and two production alternatives are considered: either production of new products directly in manufacturing plants or bringing the returned products back to “as new condition” in the remanufacturing facilities. The proposed model attempts to optimize all of the consecutive stages in the closed-loop supply chain. Hence, the purpose of this research is to formulate a mathematical programming model to focus primarily on integrating remanufacturing as a recovery option into tactical planning process. The proposed model is applied to an illustrative case and solved by LINGO 9.0 optimization solver. In order to obtain the best objective function value that is targeted, the effects of the major factors regarding reverse flows and remanufacturing system are examined with the help of Taguchi experimental design technique at the end of the study. Analysis of variance, Taguchi's signal/noise ratios, analysis of means graphs and interaction graphs are provided by MINITAB 14 software and interpreted for the evaluation of experimental results and effects of related factors.     

逆向物流体系及其模型应用研究

作为解决全球资源短缺和环境污染两大问题的有效手段,逆向物流系统在企业得以广泛实施。然而与之发展不相适应的是,有关逆向物流的理论研究严重滞后,无法对其实施进行规范与指导。有鉴于此,本文提出了一种具有概念层、使能层以及支撑层三层结构的逆向物流体系架构。概念层详细论述了逆向物流的内涵、组成要素、分类、主要特征以及研究内容;使能层分析了逆向物流的使能技术;支撑层讨论了实现逆向物流的底层设施。最后,以汽车发动机回收再利用为例,构建了基于Internet的逆向物流运作模型,阐明了本文体系架构的合理性与可行性。