铝合金变极性TIG焊焊接参数对焊缝形貌的影响

变极性钨极惰性气体保护焊(VP-TIG)在铝合金焊接时涉及大量的工艺参数,文章系统的研究了焊接速度和峰值电流幅值对熔深、熔宽及阴极清理宽度的影响规律。结果表明,随着焊接速度的增大,阴极清理宽度减小、富裕清理宽度变化不显著,且熔宽对焊接速度响应迅速;随着峰值电流的增大,阴极清理宽度与直流钨极接正(DCEP)阶段的电弧最大直径存在正相关关系;对于特定焊接电流参数,可以采用改变焊接速度补偿焊缝形貌。研究结论为单道焊缝形貌控制及后期多道堆焊成形奠定工艺基础。     

基于电弧气泡调控的水下湿法焊接稳定性研究

为利用机械约束装置实现对水下湿法焊接过程中电弧气泡周期性上浮的可控调节,开展了机械约束装置辅助水下湿法焊接试验。采用高速摄像观察电弧气泡的动态行为,利用传感器采集施加机械约束装置时瞬时焊接电流、电弧电压值,通过光学显微镜分别观察焊缝截面尺寸和焊接接头微观组织,并与相同参数下常规水下湿法焊接进行对比。研究结果表明,机械约束装置能够实现对电弧气泡的可控调节,克服电弧气泡上浮破裂所带来的湿法焊接过程不稳定的问题。随着机械约束高度的降低,电流电压波动程度减弱,电弧稳定性明显提高。同时,机械约束装置的施加能够增大焊缝横截面尺寸,减小焊缝余高,并且减少焊缝和热影响区脆硬组织的含量。分析认为,机械约束装置通过增大电弧气泡尺寸,降低了熔池表面与动态水环境的直接热传导,进而延缓了水下湿法焊接接头的冷却速度,产生了优异的工艺效果。     

HⅡ/X2CrNiMoN22.5双相不锈复合钢板焊接工艺研究

本文就焊接速度对双相不锈钢焊缝中δ铁素体含量的影响规律及HⅡ/X2CrNiMoN22.5双相不锈复合钢板焊接工艺及接头性能进行了研究。本研究成果在太原重机厂的4DM-PKM加压气化炉生产中得到了良好的应用。     

MIG立向下堆焊Inconel 625焊接工艺研究

在某些腐蚀环境下,Inconel 625堆焊层中的铁元素决定其耐腐蚀性能。采用MIG立向下堆焊方式堆焊Inconel625合金,通过调整堆焊工艺参数,研究不同工艺参数变化对堆焊层中铁含量(稀释率)的影响,总结Inconel 625立向下堆焊中降低堆焊层中铁含量的基本规律。试验表明,更快的摆动速度、更长的干伸长度和采用优秀的焊接电源可以有效地降低堆焊层表面铁含量;在相同的焊接工艺情况下,提高送丝速度(增加电流)和相匹配的焊接速度,在堆焊层厚度不变的情况下,堆焊层表面的铁含量变化并不明显。     

E347型不锈钢单层带极电渣堆焊技术研究

采用带极电渣堆焊方法进行单层堆焊工艺参数试验,研究堆焊层厚度与化学成分、铁素体数FN之间的关系,以及焊接电流和焊接速度对堆焊层厚度、宽度、稀释率的影响规律,对堆焊层微观组织进行分析。利用筛选出的工艺参数开展堆焊工艺评定试验,其结果满足加氢反应器单层堆焊E347型不锈钢的技术要求。     

冷却时间对2205双相不锈钢焊接热影响区组织与性能的影响

采用热模拟和其它方法研究了2205双相不锈钢的模拟焊接热影响区（HAZ）的冲击韧度和金相组织的关系，探讨了冷却时间t5／8和t12／8对模拟HAZ冲击韧度的影响规律。结果表明：冷却时间对该钢的组织和性能有很大的影响，随冷却时间的增加，铁素体含量减少，奥氏体含量增加，铁素体中的金属中间相析出增多。固定t8／5时，随t12／8的增加，冲击韧度增强；而固定t12／8时，随t8／5的增加，冲击韧度降低。     

热输入对双相钢药芯焊丝电弧焊接头组织和性能的影响

对2205双相不锈钢板进行了药芯焊丝电弧焊,研究了不同热输入(8.32,11.02,14.04,17.39kJ·cm~(-1))对焊接接头显微组织、铁素体含量、冲击性能、显微硬度和耐点腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:2205双相不锈钢接头焊缝、熔合区及热影响区均由奥氏体和铁素体组成,铁素体含量随着热输入的增加而逐渐降低;焊接热输入在14.04kJ·cm~(-1)时,接头区域铁素体体积分数基本满足40%～60%的要求;随着焊接热输入的增加,接头焊缝和热影响区的硬度略有降低,焊缝金属的冲击吸收功先升高后下降,热影响区的点腐蚀速率变化不大,焊缝的点腐蚀速率则先下降后升高;焊接热输入在14.04kJ·cm~(-1)时,2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的耐点腐蚀性能最好。     

UR45N~+双相钢的焊接

介绍UR45N+双相钢特性,其耐腐蚀性能优于普通2205型的双相钢,稍逊于高合金不锈钢904L,UR45N+双相钢在磷酸净化项目广泛应用。根据磷酸净化工艺介质要求,提出切实可行的双相钢焊接工艺。总结UR45N+常用规格板厚焊接热输入范围及选择焊材原则,解决焊接双相钢焊接铁素体偏高而导致耐腐蚀性能下降的问题。     

高氮钢复合焊接接头热影响区组织研究

热输入对焊接接头热影响区组织有重要影响。本文采用激光-电弧复合焊接方法焊接高氮钢,研究不同激光功率、焊接速度、焊接电流对高氮钢焊接接头热影响区组织的影响。研究结果表明:热影响区组织由奥氏体和少量δ-铁素体组成,随热输入增大,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大。     

卷取温度与冷却速率对含铌热轧双相钢显微组织与拉伸性能的影响

将含铌双相钢在相同工艺参数下进行热轧并分别以冷却速率60℃·s^-1一次水冷至610℃或不同冷却速率两段式水冷至461,434,410℃后进行卷取，分析了卷取温度和冷却速率对热轧双相钢显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：4种工艺下热轧双相钢组织均主要由铁素体和马氏体构成，在卷取温度为461℃以下时还出现了贝氏体；随着卷取温度的降低，马氏体含量降低，贝氏体依次呈分散颗粒状、聚集颗粒状和板条状，热轧双相钢的屈服强度增大，抗拉强度先减小后增大，屈强比增大，断后伸长率先增大后减小；当以一次和二次冷却速率分别为53,79℃·s^-1两段式水冷至461℃进行卷取后，热轧双相钢的拉伸性能最佳，平均屈服强度、平均抗拉强度、平均断后伸长率分别为459 MPa, 591 MPa, 35.63%。     

Effect of Heat Sink and Cooling Mediums on Ferrite Austenite Ratio and Distortion in Laser Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel 2205

In order to control the ferrite and austenite percentage in duplex stainless steel welding, many researchers try to change the laser welding parameters and cooling medium, but ignore to study the influence of heat sink e ect on weld strength. In this work, the e ect of aluminium heat sink and varying cooling medium on the laser welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS) 2205 is studied. The 2 mm thick DSS sheets welded with pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding machine by varying the cooling medium(air and oil) and an aluminium plate used as a heat sink. The welded specimens tested for tensile strength, micro-hardness, distortion, microstructure and radiography analysis. The faster cooling rate in the oil quenching process enhances the ferrite percentage compared with air-cooled samples. But the faster cooling rate in oil quenching leads to more distortion and using aluminium as a heat sink influenced positively the distortion to a small extent. The lower cooling rate in air quenching leads to a higher tensile strength of the welded specimen. The objective of this work is to analyse experimentally the e ect of cooling medium and heat sink in the mechanical and metallurgical properties of laser welded duplex stainless steel.     

SAF2205/16MnR双相不锈钢复合板焊接接头的组织与性能

对SAF2205/16MnR双相不锈钢复合板进行了焊接,基层采用手工电弧焊,以E5015焊条为填充材料,过渡层及覆层采用钨极氩弧焊,以ER2209焊丝为填充材料;对焊接接头进行了拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜及X射线衍射仪等分析了接头过渡层焊缝及其熔合区域的显微组织及物相组成.结果表明:焊接接头的抗拉强度为512 MPa;覆层母材/热影响区/过渡层焊缝之间的显微组织过渡缓和,且铁素体和奥氏体相的比例均在控制范围内;异种金属熔合界面未出现明显的合金元素短程扩散,且在焊缝金属中未发现有M23C6和σ等脆性相析出;所得接头具有良好的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能.     

Modeling and analysis of ferrite number of stainless steel gas tungsten arc welded plates using response surface methodology

The prediction of delta ferrite content expressed in terms of ferrite number in austenitic stainless steel welds is very helpful in assessing its performance. The final ferrite content determines the properties of weldments such as strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, and phase stability. This paper presents a study on the effect of process parameters on ferrite number in 202 grade stainless steel gas tungsten arc welded plates (GTAW). Experiments were conducted based on response surface methodology. The ferrite number was determined by using a ferrite scope and by using DeLong diagram. A mathematical model was developed correlating the important controllable GTAW process parameters like welding gun angle, welding speed, plate length, welding current, and shielding gas flow rate with ferrite number. The adequacy of the model was checked using analysis of variance technique. The developed model is very useful to quantitatively determine the ferrite number. The main and interaction effects of the process parameters are presented in graphical form that helps in selecting quickly the process parameters to achieve the desired results.     

药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊接2205不锈钢焊缝的组织与耐腐蚀性能

选取一组优化的焊接参数对2205双相不锈钢板进行药芯焊丝CO2气体保护焊,对比研究了焊缝和母材的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:焊缝与母材均由铁素体和奥氏体两相组织组成,且铁素体体积分数相近,分别为42.4%,49.5%;在FeCl3溶液中浸泡腐蚀时,随着FeCl3溶液浓度的增大和温度的升高,焊缝及母材的点腐蚀速率均增大,且焊缝的点腐蚀速率高于母材的,说明焊缝的耐点腐蚀性能更差;焊缝的自腐蚀电位、容抗弧半径、钝化膜电阻均低于母材的,说明焊缝的耐电化学腐蚀性能更差,但焊缝腐蚀时形核阻力较大,腐蚀坑不易扩展。     

阀门密封面钴基合金堆焊工艺

介绍了阀门密封面常用材料堆焊钴基合金(焊丝)的化学成分、牌号类别和熔敷金属层常有的缺陷。论述了手工钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)的工艺验证方法。总结DN300奥氏体不锈钢三偏心蝶阀密封面堆焊钴基合金的质量控制。     

Modeling and experiment of surface error for large-aperture aspheric SiC mirror based on residual height and wheel wear

Shaped metal deposition method using gas tungsten arc welding is a novel manufacturing technology that can be used for fabricating solid dense parts in layered manufacturing. This paper reports for the first time using the pulsed current shaped metal deposition technique for fabricating components using cold wire of AISI 308LSi stainless steel. The aim of this work was to investigate and compare the effect of pulse frequency and other deposition process parameters on the morphology aspects and microstructure characteristics of the manufactured components using pulsed and continuous current processes. The obtained results reveal that the structure of the deposited specimens produced via pulsed arc current is generally having finer grains, high residual ferrite, and absence of columnar grains. Pulse frequency and current ratio have a significant influence on the surface morphology and microstructure of the manufactured parts. Good metallurgical bonding with no sensitization effects can be seen in all tested specimens. The presented additive layered manufacturing method can be recommended for near net-shaped processing of austenitic stainless steel components, and it can be used as an alternative manufacturing method for fabricating metal components with free defects, higher corrosion resistance, and superior mechanical properties.     

Mathematical models for control of weld bead penetration in the GMAW process

This paper presents the effects of welding process parameters on weld bead penetration for the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process. Welding process parameters included wire diameter, gas flow rate, welding speed, arc current and welding voltage. The experimental results have shown that weld bead penetration increased as wire diameter, arc current and welding voltage increased, whereas an increase in welding speed was found to decrease the weld bead penetration. However, the weld bead penetration is not affected significantly by gas flow rate changes. Mathematical equations for study of the relationship between welding process parameters and weld bead penetration have also been computed by employing a standard statistical package program, SAS.     

激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊的焊接稳定性

研究激光和Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊焊接稳定性的影响。搭建激光+双丝脉冲熔化极活性气体保护(Metal active-gas, MAG)复合焊焊接系统,利用LabVIEW信号采集系统采集焊接电流和电弧电压波形,借助高速摄像系统同步拍摄电弧形态和熔滴过渡过程,实时监测焊接过程。观察后丝短路和前丝断弧情况并对前丝电弧电压进行单因素方差分析,研究Ar+He混合气体中He气体体积分数对焊接稳定性影响;比较焊接过程中激光的有无对熔滴过渡的影响,分析激光对焊接稳定性影响。结果发现随着He气体体积分数增大,后丝对应短路次数增多,当He气体体积分数为50%时,前丝出现断弧现象,大于50%,断弧时间随之增加,焊接稳定性变差;激光+双丝脉冲MAG复合焊和双丝脉冲MAG复合焊相比,加入激光可稳定电弧,为熔滴提供一附加力,该力促进熔滴过渡,使熔滴过渡尺寸减小,加大过渡频率,改善熔滴过渡,提高焊接稳定性。     

Impacts of external longitudinal magnetic field on arc plasma and droplet during short-circuit GMAW

In gas metal arc welding, electromagnetic force, plasma stream force, gravity, and surface tension are the most important factors that affect metal transfer and spatter generation rate. In this paper, different kinds of external electromagnetic fields were introduced to gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The photos of arc plasma and droplet and electric signals covering welding current and arc voltage were acquired synchronously by an analysis and evaluation system based on LabView for GMAW. It was confirmed that the metal transfer frequency was improved, and spatter generation rate was diminished under controls of external electromagnetic fields. The influencing rules of external electromagnetic fields on electromagnetic force, the gravity, the plasma stream force, and surface tension were studied by three physical models, and the mechanism of external electromagnetic fields was revealed. This paper is for the purpose of discussing these factors and will make a profit for the application of electromagnetic coupling control to short-circuit GMAW.     

双相不锈钢制冷凝器SAF2507换热管与316L管板的焊接工艺

塔顶冷凝冷却系统是炼油厂腐蚀最严重的部位，寻求新材料代替碳钢、高合金钢等腐蚀比较严重的材料，是工程应用的需求。文章介绍了双相不锈钢焊接的特点，提出了双相不锈钢制冷凝器SAF2507换热管与316L板焊接工艺，采用不同接头形式、不同的焊接保护气体进行了焊接试验，并通过对焊缝及热影响区组织的金相分析，找出了合理的焊接工艺。