锯齿形翅片扁管内流体流动及传热特性研究

为研究翅片节距与翅片切开长度参数对锯齿形翅片扁管管内流体流动和传热特性的影响,建立了9组不同锯齿形翅片参数的冷却扁管导热与流动换热耦合计算模型。采用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对锯齿形翅片的微通道进行仿真模拟,得出了锯齿形翅片扁管管内流体流动和传热特性。通过9种锯齿形翅片扁管管内流体压降和传热系数的对比分析,运用冷却扁管综合性能评价方法 h/ΔP,得出了不同锯齿形翅片参数对扁管综合性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,适当减小翅片节距同时增大翅片切开长度能获得更好的流动与传热综合性能,从而可为锯齿形翅片的结构设计提供重要参考。     

波纹翅片传热与流动特性数值仿真分析

采用数值计算方法,进行了波纹翅片传热与流动阻力特性的仿真研究。计算了波纹翅片上下表面换热系数沿着流动长度方向的变化特性;进行了波纹翅片无量纲曲率半径对换热系数、努塞尔数、管道压降、摩擦因子、管道进出口空气温差等的影响研究,绘制了波纹翅片换热性能评价图。研究结果表明,波纹翅片上下表面换热系数的大小沿着翅片长度方向呈现正弦形式波动,波动幅值逐渐较小;无量纲曲率半径的减小有利于提高波纹翅片的换热效果,但波纹翅片内空气流动的阻力也随之增大;换热性能评价图显示波纹翅片换热性能的增长率小于流动阻力的增长率。该研究内容为机车及动车组板翅式换热器空气翅片选型提供参考。     

闭式冷却塔空冷传热性能的试验研究及优化运行

搭建了扭曲管闭式冷却塔的换热实验平台,在空冷模式下通过测试在不同风机频率以及风机频率固定时不同的管内流体进口温度、空气干球温度情况下闭塔的传热性能、流动阻力和能耗,得到了风机频率、管程体积流量以及管程进口温度、环境温度对综合传热性能和空冷传热量的影响,进而得出优化闭塔空冷换热的方式,并推导出在不同的季节温度下最合理的运行方式。同时本试验拟合了风机频率和风机功率等与迎面风速的试验关联式以及空冷管外空气的传热系数试验关联式,对扭曲管式闭式冷却塔的优化设计有一定的指导作用。     

基于强化传热的扁平螺旋管结构优化数值模拟研究

基于强化传热技术,以光滑椭圆管为基本研究对象,对比不同扁平度n及导程S的扁平螺旋管,通过合理的简化与假设,采用计算流体力学（CFD）的方法对扁平螺旋管进行数值模拟研究,以期为该换热设备结构优化设计及实际工程应用提供参考。研究证明：扁平螺旋管与光管对比,扁平螺旋管内产生了明显的旋流运动,促进了流体在垂直于轴向方向的混合,使得管内流体的轴向速度增大,且这种混合使得换热管边界层厚度变薄,保持了较高的温度梯度,达到了强化传热的目的;扁平螺旋换热管的旋转程度越大（即相同的截面尺寸,S越小）,换热管的强化换热的性能越好,但换热管内流体介质的流动阻力也相应越大,所以导程S在84～150之间为扁平螺旋管导程的优选区间;扁平螺旋管的压扁程度不一定越扁越好,当换热管的扁平度过大时,会导致扁平螺旋管的努塞尔数Nu急剧下降,压降△P急剧增加,使得换热管的强化换热效果降低,而当换热管的扁平度过小时,努塞尔数Nu和压降△P变化缓慢,对换热管的强化换热影响较弱,所以扁平度n的最佳选择是0.7～1.4。     

新型收腰管散热器散热性能的数值模拟研究

文中利用CFD仿真分析方法,对管片装配式的一种新型收腰管型散热器和以往椭圆管和扁管的汽车散热器分别建立三维数值仿真模拟,通过计算得到散热单元模型的流动细节与换热规律,获得管外空气的温度场、速度场和压力场分布。根据结果分析得到三个管的散热性能:收腰管扁管椭圆管。     

超临界CO_2微细管内传热特性研究

考察超临界CO2微细管内冷却条件下流动和换热的细观信息(管内不同截面湍动能分布,无量纲速度和温度分布以及湍流雷诺数分布等),结果表明:近壁处湍动能的变化对传热有较大影响,微细管内换热关联式需考虑浮升力的影响。对管径d=0.5,0.3,0.1 mm时,超临界CO2的换热特性进行计算分析,回归出管径小于0.5 mm时,超临界CO2在冷却条件下竖直向上流动和竖直向下流动时的换热关联式,作为对超临界CO2研究的有效补充。     

螺旋四叶换热管传热与流动性能数值模拟研究

设计了一种新型高效螺旋四叶换热管。通过数值模拟分析,得到速度场云图和温度场云图,研究雷诺数为4 000～20 000时曲率半径对螺旋四叶换热管传热与流动性能的影响。研究结果表明:螺旋四叶换热管的传热与流动性能随雷诺数的增大而提高;曲率半径增大能够破坏或减薄边界层,提高螺旋四叶换热管的传热与流动性能,同时减小压降。     

螺旋扁管冷凝器强化传热评价与应用

提出了螺旋扁管强化传热评价指标.通过实验,得出了螺旋扁管强化传热及阻力性能特性.结果表明,在较低Re下螺旋扁管强化传热效果较好,在传热的同时,使流动阻力系数增大,其增长幅度基本上与传热系数增长幅度相同.     

湍流边界层内钝体扰流的流动与传热特性

应用大涡模拟方法对小尺度开缝圆柱涡流发生器强化传热和流动减阻的机理进行研究。水平开缝圆柱置于充分发展湍流边界层内,分析不同间隙比对开缝圆柱尾流、湍流边界层拟序结构以及槽道底面流动与换热特性的影响。为验证所采用数值方法的准确性与可靠性,将矩形空槽道的计算结果与前人直接数值模拟结果及与采用相关准则关系式所得结果进行对比。计算结果表明：湍流边界层内钝体扰流的尾迹流与壁面边界层的相互作用能够显著提高槽道的换热性能。与未开缝的基准圆柱相比,间隙比小于2.0时,开缝圆柱通道的整体热性能较好;间隙比为2.0时,其综合性能系数最大;间隙比大于2.0时,整体热性能较差。与矩形空槽道相比,最大努塞尔数可提高17.45%,最小摩擦因数可减小4.94%。     

内插梯形挡板的交叉三角形波纹板流道的流动与传热研究

内插挡板可以强化交叉三角形波纹流道的传热。为此,本文研究了内插梯形挡板的交叉三角形波纹板流道的流动与传热。应用RSM模型对基于梯形挡板的交叉三角形波纹板流道进行数值研究,对内插不同挡板的流道流场和温度场进行分析,比较不同的梯形挡板对摩擦因子f、努塞尔数及综合传热指标PEC的影响。研究结果表明:梯形挡板增强了流体的扰动,促进了流体的混合,使流域内的温度分布更均匀,流道的努塞尔数和f因子均有提高。梯形挡板流道的综合传热性能均比无挡板流道的综合传热性能要好。综合传热性能最好的是上底和下底宽度分别为3/4W和W的梯形挡板,在Re=1 100时具有最高综合传热指标值PEC_(max)=1.3。最后根据模拟计算结果,整理了Re与PEC的关联式供板式换热器流道设计参考。     

高粘度流体在三维内肋管中层流强化传热性能研究

以润滑油为工质,采用正交原理试验设计方法,对高粘度流体在叉排列三维内肋管中的流动和传热性能进行了研究。结果表明:离散的三维内肋结构能够促进高粘度流体在较低的雷诺数下完成从层流向湍流的转变。说明在高粘度流体的换热问题中,采用三维内肋管可以有效促进流态转变,并因此获得明显的传热强化效果;对试验数据采用最小二乘法进行多元线性回归,获得了三维内肋管中高粘度流体在层流区的流阻和换热准则方程式;根据Webb定义的热力性能系数,作为强化传热性能的判断指标,得到了性能最优的三维肋结构组合,为结构优化指出了方向。     

R410A在水平双侧强化管外的冷凝换热特性试验研究

对非共沸制冷剂R410A在一根水平光管和2根25.4 mm水平双侧强化管管外冷凝换热特性进行研究。分别研究在变入口水温和变水流量的条件下,制冷剂的管外冷凝换热特性。利用Wilson图解法和Wilson-Gnielinski法计算管外冷凝换热系数,并分析两种处理方法所得到的管外冷凝换热系数的差异,最后根据Nusselt管外关联式推出强化管管外冷凝换热关联式。试验研究表明:光管管外冷凝换热系数随入口水温的升高而升高,而2根双侧强化管则与之相反;光管和强化管的管外冷凝换热系数都会随着水流量的增大而增大;并随着饱和温度的升高而增大。双侧强化管EX1平均管外冷凝换热系数为光管的6.5倍,而EX2平均管外冷凝换热系数为光管的6.1倍,EX1的冷凝换热较EX2提升了6%。     

Performance of heat transfer and pressure drop in a spirally indented tube

In an effort to develop a heat transfer enhancement technique for low temperature applications such as utilization of LNG cold energy, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the heat transfer and the pressure drop performance for a spirally indented tube using ethylene-glycol and water solutions and pure water under horizontal single-phase conditions. The test tube diameter was 14.86 mm and the tube length was 5.38 m. Heat transfer coefficients and friction factors for both inner and outer surfaces of the test tube were calculated from measurements of temperatures, flowrates and pressure drops. Correlations of heat transfer coefficients in the spirally indented tube, which were applicable for laminar and turbulent regimes were proposed for inner, and outer surfaces. The correlations showed that heat transfer coefficients for the spirally indented tube were much higher than those for smooth tubes, increased by more than 8 times depending upon the Reynolds number. The correlations were compared with other correlations for various types of surface roughness. The effect of the Prandtl number on the heat transfer characteristics was discussed. The critical Reynolds number from the laminar flow to the turbulent flow inside the spirally indented tube was found to be around Re=1,000.     

Flow topology,heat transfer characteristic and thermal performance in a circular tube heat exchanger inserted with punched delta winglet vortex generators

To improve the heat transfer rate and thermal performance, the punched delta winglet vortex generators, DWVGs, were inserted in the middle of the circular tube heat exchanger. The effects of the flow attack angles and the flow directions were investigated numerically for the Reynolds number Re = 100–2000. The finite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm were used to study. The results are reported in terms of the flow structure, heat transfer behavior and thermal performance evaluation and also compared with the smooth tube with no vortex generators. As the numerical results, the use of the DWVGs in the tube can improve the heat transfer rate and thermal performance by creating the vortex flow through the tested section. The rise of the flow attack angle results in the increasing strength of the vortex flows. The flow attack angle of 25° performs the highest heat transfer rate and thermal performance, while the flow attack angle of 0o gives the reversed results. The computational results reveal that the optimum thermal enhancement factor is around 2.80 at Re = 2000, α = 25°, with the winglet tip pointing downstream. The correlations on both the Nusselt number ratio and friction factor ratio for the DWVG in the tube heat exchanger are presented.     

复合中空热管传热性能研究

为了解决工业中的大量低品质烟气余热的回收利用和烟气酸露点腐蚀导致设备容易失效的工程问题,提出了一种复合中空热管传热元件,介绍了其结构及工作原理;对其内部传热机理进行了分析,并对其启动特性、等温性能和传热性能进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:复合中空热管在外管壁温度30℃时,加热时间2 min之内就能正常快速启动工作;在自然空气对流冷却条件下,具有较好的等温特性;复合中空热管的传热系数随着冷却水雷诺数的增加而增加;在加热蒸汽温度低于125℃的低温蒸汽加热条件下,当冷却水的雷诺数为6650时,复合中空热管的传热系数为1350W/(m2.℃)。试验研究结果为复合中空热管换热器的工程应用提供了基础。     

茹卡乌斯卡斯横掠错排管束实验模型的数值模拟

茹卡乌斯卡斯实验关联式在换热器的设计中有着广泛的应用。针对茹卡乌斯卡斯研究流体横掠错排管束流动与换热特性的实验段为原型,经过适当的简化,建立三维模型,运用大型CFD软件Fluent对该模型内流体的流动与换热特性进行了数值模拟研究。将数值模拟结果与公式计算结果进行对比,误差较小。通过考察特殊管排的局部换热特性,对模型壁面对换热的影响、末排管与中间管排的换热特性差异进行了分析;并将使用茹卡乌斯卡斯公式进行计算的误差与管排数的关系进行分析,在实际的设计计算中有一定的参考意义。     

Thermal performance analysis of heat exchanger for closed wet cooling tower using heat and mass transfer analogy

In closed wet cooling towers, the heat transfer between the air and external tube surfaces can be composed of the sensible heat transfer and the latent heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficient can be obtained from the equation for external heat transfer of tube banks. According to experimental data, the mass transfer coefficient was affected by the air velocity and spray water flow rate. This study provides the correlation equation for mass transfer coefficient based on the analogy of the heat and mass transfer and the experimental data. The results from this correlation equation showed fairly good agreement with experimental data. The cooling capacity and thermal efficiency of the closed wet cooling tower were calculated from the correlation equation to analyze the performance of heat exchanger for the tower.     

An experimental study on the pressure drop and heat transfer through straight and curved small diameter tubes

A tube type heat exchanger is often the only solution when minimum pressure loss is a requirement. In addition, small diameter tubes are preferable because of an increased heat transfer area within an acceptable pressure loss limit. The present work reports on both an analytic model and experimental results with regards to the pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of compact straight, C-curved, and U-curved tubes. The inner diameter of the tube (D) for our selected heat exchanger type was 1.26 mm with a thickness of 0.12 mm and a total length of 150.8 D. For the experiment, pressurized nitrogen gas bottles were used rather than an air compressor system in order to simplify the test facility. Hence the pressure conditions were easily set at 10, 30, and 50 bar corresponding to a range of Reynolds numbers from 10000 to 50000. To elevate the air temperature outside the tube (from 100°C to 400°C), an electric furnace was installed around the “test tube”. An analytic model to determine the pressure loss through curved tubes-referred to as the modified friction factor- is proposed. Good agreement was found between the modified friction factor and existing correlations, thus confirming the suitability of this model for determining pressure losses for different shape of tubes. The average measured Nusselt numbers were within 10- 15% of the Dittus-Boelter and Gnielinski correlations.     

收腰管散热器的耦合传热与试验

提出了一种收腰型散热管,在研究其对散热性能的影响的基础上,建立了收腰管型百叶窗散热器的三维模型,应用耦合传热原理对其传热过程进行模拟研究。得到不同风速下散热器的进出口压降、翅片传热系数和传热量,总结了收腰管对百叶窗散热器空气流道的流体结构及其分布规律的影响。通过风洞试验对比分析了多种管型散热器的性能差异,发现收腰管散热器具有更优的散热性能,能够满足多种车型发动机冷却系统的散热需求。     

A study on development of a plugging margin evaluation method taking into account the fouling of shell-and-tube heat exchangers

As the operating time of heat exchangers progresses, fouling caused by water-borne deposits and the number of plugged tubes increase and thermal performance decreases. Both fouling and tube plugging are known to interfere with normal flow characteristics and to reduce thermal efficiencies of heat exchangers. The heat exchangers of Korean nuclear power plants have been analyzed in terms of heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient as a means of heat exchanger management. Except for fouling resulting from the operation of heat exchangers, all the tubes of heat exchangers have been replaced when the number of plugged tubes exceeded the plugging criteria based on design performance sheet. This paper describes a plugging margin evaluation method taking into account the fouling of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The method can evaluate thermal performance, estimate future fouling variation, and consider current fouling level in the calculation of plugging margin. To identify the effectiveness of the developed method, fouling and plugging margin evaluations were performed at a component cooling heat exchanger in a Korean nuclear power plant.