一种计算曲轴非圆磨削中连杆颈受力变形的方法

采用非圆磨削加工曲轴连杆颈时,其圆周方向上各异的刚度系数造成不同转角处连杆颈的变形量各不相同,如不进行补偿将对工件的形状精度产生较大影响.一种曲轴连杆颈受力变形计算方法是通过测定连杆颈上相互垂直的四个点分别受指向其中心的力作用时曲轴的刚度,按照力的分解与合成原理来计算连杆颈位于任意角度、受任意力时的受力变形.采用该方法可以准确、便捷地计算出连杆颈在非圆磨削过程中的受力变形量,使得根据变形大小修正砂轮中心位移的误差补偿策略能真正适用于生产环境,进而保证了非圆磨削曲轴连杆颈的磨削精度.     

考虑工件变形因素的曲轴磨削轨迹建模研究

根据曲轴切点跟踪磨削的基本运动模型,分析影响曲轴连杆颈圆度误差的因素,建立考虑工件变形因素的曲轴连杆颈磨削轨迹模型,并以生产实例结合理论分析进行说明。通过对已加工曲轴连杆颈进行了圆度误差的测量,推导曲轴弹性变形量的函数,进而建立实际误差补偿模型,以提高待加工曲轴零件的精度。     

可任意分度的大型曲轴连杆颈磨削夹具设计

阐述了大型曲轴连杆颈在磨削时所采用的相位分度定位和夹持技术的重要性。详细介绍了可任意分度的曲轴连杆颈磨削夹具的设计思路和结构特点。通过对实例的分析,设计了一种可加工各类规格曲轴的夹具。新型夹具提高了在曲轴连杆颈加工中的偏心调整以及相位分度的精度,从而提高了曲轴生产的效率。     

曲轴非圆磨削四点刚度法的力变形计算

采用非圆磨削加工曲轴可在一次装夹完成主轴颈和连杆颈的磨削.在加工曲轴的连杆颈时,由于曲轴不同方向的刚度并不相同,加工过程中不同方向的误差也不相同;多拐曲轴的长度比较长,属异形细长轴,因此受力变形不仅影响加工精度,也是影响磨削效率进一步提高的主要原因之一.采取四点法测定曲轴刚度,找出弹性位移对加工精度的影响规律,可准确地得到曲轴的刚度模型,并进一步确定工件的弹性变形,对加工进行预补偿,提高工件的加工精度和效率.     

曲轴加工技术及其特点

曲轴加工技术及其特点丹东五一八内燃机配件总厂刘丽秋一、曲轴车削技术曲轴主轴颈和连杆轴颈加工的传统工艺方法是车削加工。主轴颈和连杆轴颈的车削，分别是在不同结构的曲轴车床上进行加工，这种曲轴加工技术目前在世界发达国家和地区正在逐步淘汰，但在我国仍然在曲轴...     

异型配重铁曲轴连杆颈车削夹具的设计与应用

S-217曲轴连杆颈车床是车削曲轴连杆颈主要设备之一.对称型配重铁曲轴连杆颈的加工,其圆周方向的定位一般是铣削末端配重铁边缘形成一平面加以定位.对于非对称型配重铁曲轴连杆颈的加工,则无法采用这种方法.文章采取了一种全新的、完全脱离依赖末端配重铁办法,首先在末端弧顶处铣一平面加以定位加工曲轴第1、6连杆颈(6拐曲轴),然后再以第6连杆颈外圆定位加工第2、5和3、4连杆颈.经生产实践证明,该方法定位精度高,加工过程稳定,具有很好的应用推广前景.     

细长轴车削加工误差的分析

针对细长轴的车削加工。分别对在一端卡盘夹紧、一端顶尖支承及两端顶尖支承的装夹条件下车削加工时的变形进行力学分析。建立在切削力作用下产生弯曲变形的解析模型。算侧表明：逆向车削时轴的弯曲变形以及加工误差远小于同等条件下正向车削的变形和误差。     

KA500／1000曲轴连杆颈磨床

曲轴连杆颈磨削工序在曲轴加工中是关键工序,直接影响到曲轴的加工质量,因为连杆颈磨削是在工件刚性差、特别容易变形的情况下进行的,其产品要求精度高,如相位角误差±0.18mm;轴     

切点跟踪磨削法中工件的刚度误差分析及其补偿

采用切点跟踪磨削法加工曲轴类零件时,曲轴的刚度误差是造成加工误差和影响磨削效率进一步提高的主要原因之一。为了采取恰当的误差补偿策略来减小或消除刚度误差的不利影响,分析了切点跟踪磨削法磨削曲轴连杆颈时曲轴不同方向上的弹性位移对加工精度的影响规律,并由此建立了曲轴刚度误差补偿的数学模型;同时给出了测定磨削过程中曲轴弹性变形量的一般方法。     

曲轴连杆颈复合跟随车削原理分析

介绍了一种新的曲轴加工工艺,即基于平行四边形机构的曲轴连杆颈复合跟随车削加工工艺。首先建立了理想情况下的刀架系统数学模型,并以模型为基础从相对速度和相对轨迹两个方面对刀尖点和工件的复合跟随车削工艺的正确性和可行性进行了理论证明。接着借助Pro/E软件对模型进行运动仿真来证明理论分析的正确性。     

A real time machining error compensation method based on dynamic features for cutting force induced elastic deformation in flank milling

During the machining process, cutting forces cause deformation of thin-walled parts and cutting tools because of their low rigidity. Such deformation can lead to undercut and may result in defective parts. Since there are various unexpected factors that affect cutting forces during the machining process, the error compensation of cutting force induced deformation is deemed to be a very difficult issue. In order to address this challenge, this article proposes a novel real time deformation error compensation method based on dynamic features. A dynamic feature model is established for the evaluation of feature rigidity as well as the association between geometric information and real time cutting force information. Then the deformations are calculated based on the dynamic feature model. Eventually, the machining error compensation for elastic deformation is realized based on Function Blocks. A thin-walled feature is used as an example to validate the proposed approach. Machining experiment results show that the errors of calculated deformation with the monitored deformation is less than 10%, and the thickness errors were between ?0.05 mm and +0.06 mm, which can well satisfy the accuracy requirement of structural parts by NC (Numerical Control) machining.     

Simulation study on chip formation mechanism in grinding particle reinforced Cu-matrix composites

Based on the coupling method of finite element method and smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, the process of single abrasive grain cutting particles reinforced Cu-matrix composites with small volume fraction of particle phase is simulated, and the chip formation mechanism of particle reinforced Cu-matrix composites was analyzed. It can be concluded that the plastic removal of the Cu-matrix is still the main removal form of the composite, but the existence of the reinforced particle phase affects the cutting deformation behavior and the chip morphology. During the cutting process, the interfaces between part of reinforced particles and the Cu-matrix are broken, and resulting in the particles falling off into chips, but most of the particles will form continuous mixed chips with copper alloy, with the plastic deformation of the Cu-matrix. The extrusion of abrasive particles leads to pile-up of dislocation producing in Cu-matrix around the reinforced particle, which interferes with the continuous plastic deformation of Cu-matrix, thus affects the cutting force and cutting temperature of the abrasive grain. The simulation results show that with the increase of cutting speed, the cutting force decreases, but the cutting temperature increases. As the cutting depth increases, the cutting force and cutting temperature increase. The increase of reinforced particle content will lead to the increase of cutting force and cutting temperature.     

皮革裁剪头设计及动力学分析

皮革裁剪是皮革加工流程中一道关键工序,在诸多皮革裁剪中,电动式皮革裁剪以方便、高效等特性提高了皮革裁剪的效率,但电动式裁剪亦存在噪声大、切割精度低等缺点.针对电动式皮革裁剪存在的振动噪声大、切割精度低等问题,通过提供一种电动式皮革裁剪头的设计方案,分析了影响其振动噪声、切割速度、切割精度的因素;对设计模型进行了运动学仿真,分析了刀头部分的运动状况、产生动不平衡的原因及改进方法;使用ANSYS软件,对伸缩杆进行了受力分析,得到了伸缩杆的受力情况.研究结果表明,电动工皮革裁剪产生的振动噪声与惯性力有关,而惯性力的产生源于动不平衡性,此外伸缩杆的受力变形会影响切割精度.     

关节臂式坐标测量机测量力误差分析及补偿

针对接触测量力对关节臂式坐标测量机(AACMM)测量精度的影响展开研究。对测量力引起的长度测量误差进行理论和实验分析,得到测头与被测件的局部变形、测杆的弯曲变形是影响关节臂式坐标测量机测头精度的主要因素。建立了关节臂式坐标测量机测头与被测件的局部变形、测杆的弯曲变形的数学模型,并对测量结果进行了测量力误差补偿。实验结果研究表明,测量力引起的误差对接触式关节臂式坐标测量机测量精度影响很大。通过本研究成果,可在很大程度上补偿测量力引起的误差:平均长度测量误差降低82%左右,最大误差降低约47μm,有效地提高了关节臂式坐标测量机的测量精度。     

多锥度细长杆加工工艺改进

针对多锥度细长杆的结构特点和性能指标要求,提出了改进传统工艺的加工方案,综合运用了先进的数控加工制造技术,主要包括确定合理的加工余量、加工基准和补偿量,以完成工作台定角度的旋转,提高工作台转动角度的精度。在测量方面配置了线测量仪。由于该工件属于细长杆类零件,加工方面采用辅助中心架支承,抵消了径向切削力,减小了机械加工变形。在此基础上,采用宏程序的数控加工方法加工出了合格的多锥度细长杆零件。     

Investigate on milling force of cryogenic cooling processing aluminum honeycomb treated by ice fixation

Aerospace metal honeycomb materials with low stiffness had often the deformation, burr, collapse, and other defects in the mechanical processing. They were attributed to poor fixation method and inapposite cutting force. This paper presented the improvement of fixation way. The hexagonal aluminum honeycomb core material was treated by ice fixation, and the NC milling machine was used for a series of cryogenic machining. Considering the similar structure of fiber-reinforced composite materials, the milling force prediction model of ice fixation aluminum honeycomb was established, considering tool geometry parameters and cutting parameters. Meanwhile, the influence rule on milling force was deduced. The results show that compared with the conventional fixation milling method, the honeycomb processing effect is improved greatly. The machining parameters affect order on milling forces: the cutting depth is the most important, followed by the cutting width, then the spindle speed and the feed. Moreover, too small cutting depth (a_p?=?0.5 mm) will cause insufficient cutting force, while a_p?>?2 mm with higher force will reduce the processing quality of honeycomb. Simultaneously, the honeycomb orientation (θ) has a great influence on processing quality. Using the model, the predicted and measured error values of the feed and main cutting force are all small in θ?<?90°. But, the rate is 33 and 26% for the main cutting force and feed force error in θ?>?90°, respectively, while they all exhibit the smallest error in θ?=?60°. This bigger error mainly is due to unstable cutting force with obtuse angle. In addition, the tool rake angle has little influence on cutting quality in θ?<?90°, but bigger on that in θ?>?90°. Furthermore, the calculation model successfully conforms to the main deformation mechanism and influences parameters of the cutting force in the milling process, and it can accurately predict the cutting force in θ?<?90° and guide the milling process.     

双转台五轴机床空间误差补偿技术研究

几何误差、热误差和切削力误差占到了机床总误差的75%,对这3项误差进行控制是提高机床加工精度的关键所在。以双转台五轴机床的空间误差作为研究对象,通过对加工位置、主要热源及电动机电流等相关因素进行分析,确定空间误差建模所需的位移变量、温度变量和切削力变量。以现有的多种误差建模方法为基础,通过对信息融合技术进行研究,提出一种机床空间误差的多模型融合预测方法,建立综合反映几何误差、热误差和切削力误差的最优空间误差模型。最后以DSP为核心,设计空间误差补偿器,实施空间误差补偿,验证补偿效果。结果显示,建立的模型预测精度较高,残差小于2μm,而实施空间误差补偿后,加工零件的轮廓误差也由15μm降到了5μm,补偿效果明显。     

Identification of instantaneous cutting force coefficients using surface error

Cutting force coefficients are the key factors for efficient and accurate prediction of instantaneous milling force. To calibrate the coefficients, this paper presents an instantaneous milling force model including runout and cutter deformation. Also, forming of surface error is analyzed, and a surface error model considering runout is proposed. Using surface errors of two experiments completed with the same cutting conditions but different axial depth only, cutter deformation is obtained. Then, a new approach for the determination of instantaneous cutting force coefficients is provided. The method can eliminate influences of the other factors except cutter deformation and runout. A series of experiments are designed, and the results are used to identify the parameters. With the evaluated coefficients and runout parameters, the instantaneous milling force and surface error are predicted. A good agreement between predicted results and experimental results is achieved, which shows that the method is efficient, and effect of runout on surface error is not negligible.     

曲轴连杆颈相位角测量误差研究

六拐曲轴连杆颈相位角呈120°分布,其回转半径和相位角误差要求都比较严格而现行的测量方法存在一定的问题．尤其是回转半径的误差对相位角的测量带来较大的影响：本文对目前曲轴相位角测量方法进行了误差分析,并提出一种测量误差的消除措施。     

虚拟加工中的加工误差分析与预测

分析了影响虚拟环境下复杂曲面产品数字化端铣加工误差产生的主要因素,综合考虑刀具和工件的柔度,同时考虑加工表面的变形敏感度,讨论面向虚拟制造的加工尺寸误差预测模型总体框架,提出了一个端铣加工过程表面加工尺寸误差预测模型。所给出的表面误差预测模型较全面地考虑了端铣加工过程,适于多种加工条件,能够反映端铣加工过程由切削力导致的系统变形对加工误差所造成的影响。最后给出了一个仿真实例。