用虚光栅移相莫尔条纹法测量小球面曲率半径

随着近代光学、光通信等领域的迅猛发展,光学元器件的微小化已成为一个重要的发展趋势.球面是微小光学元件常见的一种面形.研究了一种基于虚光栅移相莫尔条纹术测量小球面曲率半径的方法.实验以Askania环形球径仪配备的曲率半径为17.92mm的标准凸球面样板为例,利用干涉显微镜拍摄了一幅含有载频的被测球面非接触干涉图,通过运...     

多表面干涉下的光学元件面形检测

为了消除平行平板类光学元件的多表面干涉效应对元件面形测量的影响,提出了基于波长移相调谐技术与傅里叶变换原理的多表面干涉条纹检测技术.首先,根据波长移相原理和被测元件的厚度,按照推算出的被测腔长与元件厚度间的比例关系正确摆放被测元件的测试位置.然后,通过波长移相技术采集一组干涉图.最后,对这组多表面干涉图进行离散傅里叶变换,提取带有被测元件前后表面面形的频率信息以及厚度变化的频率信息,通过重构算法得到准确的面形信息和厚度信息.实验结果表明:与传统的13步移相算法相比,得到的前表面PV值和RMS值分别相差0.003和0.001,而后表面PV值与RMS值分别相差0和0.001.这些结果基本满足平行平板类光学元件面形的高精度测量与洁净测量的要求.     

球面光学元件表面疵病检测技术研究

针对现有球面光学元件表面疵病检测技术研究较少的情况,根据疵病对光的散射特性,提出了一种基于机器视觉技术检测球面光学元件表面疵病的方法。实验分析了光照角度、光强大小和球面光学元件曲率半径对疵病散射光成像质量的影响。并对口径为Φ14mm,曲率半径为13mm的球面光学元件表面进行了检测,实验表明,该技术对元件样品上10μm以下的表面疵病可进行有效的检测。     

被测件随机移相干涉面形测量方法

针对光学元件的面形测量,提出了一种被测件随机移相干涉面形测量法,用于降低移相干涉仪的成本,避免移相器老化产生的移相误差对面形检测精度的影响。该方法利用微位移驱动器驱动被测件在摩擦气浮复合导轨上移动进行随机移相并用相机采集若干幅干涉图;然后利用最小二乘迭代算法处理干涉图数据进而迭代出被测表面相位分布;最后进行一系列数据处理求解出被测件的面形结果。为了验证该方法的可行性,在实验室搭建了改进的斐索移相干涉系统,并选用一个凹面镜和一个平面镜作为被测件在搭建的系统上进行了实验测试,同时与同台仪器上的传统移相方法得到的测量结果进行了比对。结果表明:在激光光源波长λ为632.8nm的情况下,凹球面镜面形PV值和RMS值与传统移相方式测量结果相差0.001λ,和0.002λ;平面镜面形PV值和RMS值与传统移相方式的测量结果相差0.002λ和0.003λ,面形数据基本一致。该方法避免了移相器老化引入移相误差,降低了仪器成本,测量精度高。     

光学元件形貌的双波长干涉测量

本文提出了一种利用双波长激光干涉产生交叉的干涉条纹测量光学元件三维面形的方法.该方法可以有效地提取干涉图像中更多的数据点,恢复被测元件的三维形貌.一定程度上解决了大口径光学元件三维形貌测量中数据点密度不足的问题.     

微小球面曲率半径的测量研究

验证了测量平面面形误差的重叠四步平均算法（OAF）应用于测量微小球面曲率半径的可行性。采用Linnik显微移相干涉装置，测量了光纤连接器端面的曲率半径，给出了测量数据及处理结果；通过对已知曲率半径的标准微小凸球面样板的测量，得到相对误差为0．093％。同时，从理论上对OAF和其他算法对PZT位移误差的抑制能力作了分析比较。结果表明，OAF算法可用于微小球面曲率半径的测量，且相对于其他算法而言，其对PZT位移误差具有更强的抑制能力。     

大口径大曲率半径光学元件的高精度检测

针对目前已有的光学检测设备无法实现大口径大曲率半径光学元件高精度检测的问题,提出利用长程轮廓仪(LTP)来进行大口径大曲率半径(正、负)光学元件的精确测量,并通过实验证明了L,TP检测大曲率半径光学元件的优势.分析计算了LTP测量曲率半径的算法精度,设计了合理的机械结构进行旋转测量,得到了全口径的曲率半径分布.最后与球...     

基于BSO晶体反射式全息光栅的振动测量系统

以光折变晶体硅酸铋(BSO)为记录介质,构建了基于反射式全息光栅零差干涉振动测量系统。系统中的参考光与被振动信号调制的信号光以反射式记录全息的方式射入BSO晶体,在晶体内干涉形成反射式动态全息并实时衍射,通过对信号光的透射光和参考光的衍射光所形成的干涉信号进行解调即可得到所测的振动信号。研究了两入射光束夹角、光强比、晶体晶向等测量条件对系统测量灵敏度的影响,分析了耦合增益与测量灵敏度的关系。结果表明,以压电陶瓷(PZT)为被测对象时,系统最高可探测到频率为360kHz的振动信号。分析显示:由于反射式全息降低了布拉格光栅的空间周期,提高了入射晶体的信号光和参考光的耦合效率,故其测量灵敏度高于透射式全息光栅振动测量系统。     

等倾干涉法测量小孔径圆柱形腔特征长度

激光等倾干涉法是一种准确度较高的测量Fabry-Perot腔形式圆柱腔长的方法.对于一些需要进行小孔径腔体长度测量的情况,采用等倾干涉法受到腔体孔径、激光发散角、入射角等各种条件的限制.基于激光等倾干涉原理,分析了腔体孔径、激光发散角和倾斜角,聚焦透镜等对等倾干涉测量的影响,并计算分析了图像采集感光芯片最小的感光范围.计算和实验验证结果表明:对于长度分别为65 mm、80 mm、130 mm和160 mm的圆柱共鸣腔,腔体光学孔径最小半径为2.13 mm;激光发散角不应小于0.8°;感光芯片的感光范围应大于5 mm;同时得到了激光倾斜角和发散角的对应关系.该分析为了用于定程圆柱声学共鸣法准确测量Boltzmann常数的需要,同时可以为小孔径Fabry-Perot腔测量提供一些参考.     

用计算全息法测量长焦透镜的透射波前

为了高精度地检测长焦透镜的透射波前,提出了在Zygo干涉仪的平面光路中加入一个二元衍射元件提供参考波前的计算全息法(CGH)。介绍了计算全息法检测长焦透镜透射波前的理论,设计并研制了高精度计算全息板,并将其用于大口径长焦距透镜透射波前检测。理论分析和实际检测结果表明:该方法系统误差小,测量重复性精度优于0.004λ(2σRMS),与常规的菲索干涉法测量球面透镜透射波前得到的结果一致,从而验证了提出测量方法的可靠性。最后,详细分析了二元衍射元件的制造误差对透射波前检测的影响,得到测量误差(PV)小于λ/10。文中的结果表明提出的计算全息法可有效缩短光路,提高测量精度,对长焦透镜波前检测有重要的应用价值。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.