考虑碳排放的闭环供应链收益波动分析

在考虑回收质量的回收定价策略下,构建了四种回收情境来研究不同回收模式和市场主导力量对闭环供应链碳排放和收益的影响。采用Stackelberg博弈,在分散决策下比较分析不同情境中影响批发价格、零售价格及回收价格的波动因子,由此研究闭环供应链的碳排放和收益的波动规律。研究表明:新产品和再造品的批发价格、零售价格与市场主导力量相关但不受回收模式的影响,而回收价格则与回收质量、排放因子、回收转移价格和回收品的可利用性具有直接相关性。通过数值分析,深入探讨了在生产与运输单位排放量作用下的闭环供应链总利润和总排放的波动趋势,从而为企业在权衡各方利益与降低碳排放方面提供指导。     

第三方回收闭环供应链的广告与定价决策模型

为了研究不同广告模式对第三方回收闭环供应链定价策略的影响。在广告营销效率因子及广告成本因子的双因素假设下,构建了3种广告模式下第三方回收闭环供应链的定价决策模型。研究表明:无论零售商还是制造商单独广告,都不影响系统中各成员的最优定价策略,且第三方回收商及系统整体的利润不变,但主导零售商的利润并不一定总大于制造商的利润。联合广告模式只对主导零售商有利,对闭环供应链系统其他成员及整体都均不利。无论何种广告模式下,较之主导零售商及制造商,第三方回收商的利润总是最小的。     

零售商主导闭环供应链混合回收渠道选择决策

为研究奖惩机制下零售商主导闭环供应链中各参与主体的回收渠道最优决策问题,运用博弈论建立4种奖惩机制下具有竞争性的双渠道销售和多渠道回收闭环供应链模型,对比分析了4种混合回收模式下供应链成员利润、整个供应链系统的利润和回收水平。研究表明:废旧产品回收价格系数与回收渠道竞争系数之比较小时,制造商会选择制造商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链存在不稳定性;反之,制造商会选择制造商、零售商和第三方回收商这一混合回收渠道,此时供应链具有长期稳定性。单位奖惩因子和销售渠道模式不影响供应链各成员的最优回收渠道决策。     

考虑歧视性回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策

针对零售商、第三方共同回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策问题,研究了制造商对零售商与第三方回收商采取的歧视性回收定价策略,并利用歧视系数讨论了歧视回收与公平回收策略的供应链利润、回收率的差异.研究表明,制造商和零售商利润关于差异回收策略存在对称性的特征,但系统回收率、第三方回收商利润会随第三方回收价格的增加而增加,为双渠道闭环供应链增加社会福利、提高废旧品回收率创造一条可行的道路.同时,制造商选择歧视回收还是公平回收策略,取决于回收价格、歧视系数、再制造成本节省之间的关系.     

双回收渠道下零售商主导闭环供应链决策模型

为研究双回收渠道下零售商主导闭环供应链的最优决策问题,针对由一个制造商、一个占主导地位零售商以及一个第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链系统,构建了相应的决策模型,并对闭环供应链成员及闭环供应链的整体利润进行了比较。研究表明在零售商主导的闭环供应链中,当第三方有利可图时,第三方负责回收对零售商是占优策略。当第三方无利可图时,无论是第三方还是零售商负责回收,零售商的最大利润是相同的。相对于第三方负责回收,由零售商负责回收对制造商和整个闭环供应链系统均是占优策略。     

专利保护下基于第三方回收的再制造决策

为了探求最适合供应链以及旧产品回收的再制造模式,基于第三方回收商和异质需求市场,考虑无专利许可下制造商再制造和不同专利许可模式下制造商委托零售商进行再制造构建3种再制造模式(即制造商再制造模式、零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式以及零售商固定专利许可再制造模式)下的闭环供应链产品定价和回收决策模型。通过分析不同再制造模式下的定价与回收决策,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能够促进第三方回收商提高回收率从而实现最大利润,还能降低新产品与再制造产品的零售价格;同时,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能同时增加供应链节点企业利润,还能促使旧产品的回收利用;上游制造商应将产品回收再制造外包给下游零售商,并通过谈判收取固定专利许可费用。研究表明,在一定条件下,相比制造商再制造模式和零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式中的制造商、零售商、第三方回收商能同时实现最大利润。     

公平关切下的两零售商竞争闭环供应链决策模型

为研究公平关切行为对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,针对由一个制造商、两个竞争零售商和一个第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链,分别在两个竞争零售商公平中性和公平关切下构建了闭环供应链的决策模型,并对两种情形下的均衡结果进行了比较。研究表明当两个竞争零售商均公平中性时,两零售商间竞争强度的增强对闭环供应链成员及系统整体均有利;当两个竞争零售商均公平关切时,在给定的竞争强度下,公平关切程度的增强对两个竞争零售商不利,但对制造商、第三方回收商及闭环供应链系统整体有利。     

基于博弈论的再制造生产模式的研究

基于再制造生产模式不同,构建一个制造商和一个零售商下的三种不同的再制造供应链模型:不进行再制造模型、制造商自行再制造模型、外包再制造商进行再制造模型。以博弈论为基本的研究方法,建立制造商为领导者的决策模型,对三种不同模型进行研究,并对批发价格、零售价格、回收价格、回收努力系数和利润等均衡解进行比较分析。分析结果表明,不管采用哪种再制造生产模式,回收再制造都能够产生更大的利润;当制造商给予外包制造商的回购价格大于定值时,外包再制造商才可能进行再制造,并且,此时外包再制造生产模型中的价格、回收努力系数和利润高于其他两种模型中的价格和利润。这些结论对进行再制造生产模式的决策具有初步的指导意义。     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

需求不确定条件下的闭环供应链模型

构建了需求不确定下一个制造商和两个竞争零售商组成的具有产品再制造的闭环供应链模型.利用博奔论对三种不同回收渠道下的模型进行了研究,并通过数值模拟的方法分析了各模型中的回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、回收渠道决策、供应链系统及其成员利润期望的影响.结果表明,在一定的随机需求波动下,回收成本和新增回收率对零售定价、供应链系统及其成员利润期望值的影响完全相反,新增回收率的变化小会对制造商回收渠道的选择产生影响,但随着回收成本的增加,制造商将采取不同的回收渠道策略.     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。