基于小波尺度谱的转子系统碰摩声发射特性

针对转子系统动静件间发生碰摩时会引起弹性应变而产生声发射,进而可利用声发射来辨识和诊断碰摩故障的特点,首先对碰摩声发射和碰摩振动信号进行了试验对照研究,讨论基于声发射的碰摩辨识别方法的独特优越性.然后,着重对碰摩声发射的特性进行了试验研究,并借助于小波尺度谱优越的时频分析性能,利用小波尺度谱对碰摩声发射的时频特性、传播特性和频散特性等进行了详细分析.分析结果显示小波尺度谱非常适合碰摩声发射这种频率丰富、非平稳和非线性的多模态波,是模态声发射分析的有力方法.     

小波包原理在滚动轴承声发射检测技术中的应用

详细分析了小波滤波原理。在大量实验分析和理论分析的基础上，提出了使用基于特征频率的小波滤波方法。从而解决了由噪声引起的检测故障滚动轴承误判的问题，并为下一步的信号特征提取打下了坚实的基础。     

小波包能量谱在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用

针对转静碰摩故障的振动响应问题,采用小波基函数db6三层小波包分解和能量谱相结合的分析方法,对实测的碰摩故障信号进行频带能量特征提取。通过对仿真和实测信号进行小波包分解后作频谱分析发现:当转子发生转静碰摩故障时,频谱图中除了转子的工频外,在分频、分频倍频处引起比较稳定的分数谐波,并出现了3x等高阶倍频频率成分。在对实测信号作进一步能量谱分析时,存在碰摩特征频率的频段能量发生了变化,因此小波包能量谱分析方法能够很好地区分转子的碰摩故障。     

机械密封碰摩声发射信号的特征提取方法研究

提出利用声发射(Acoustic Emission,AE)技术监测机械密封动静环的碰摩状态。通过分析典型碰摩AE信号的特点,提出利用小波尺度谱和功率谱相结合的方法表征机械密封端面碰摩AE信号的特征信息,小波尺度谱能够直观地描述AE信号中各个脉冲的数目、到达时间、能量大小、在时频面上的分布及频率组成,为判断碰摩的类型、严重程度及发生时间提供准确信息,AE信号的功率谱图能够给出信号能量的具体值。在仿真和实验研究中该方法被有效运用于判别机械密封端面的偶然性碰摩、周期性碰摩和连续性碰摩。     

基于小波包的碰摩信号能量特征辨识

基于小波包分解结果,针对信号在不同频段内能量的变化,进行故障辨识。信号发生故障一般都伴随着能量的变化,而小波包提供了一种将信号划分到不同频段的方法,借助小波包将信号细分到各个频段,分别求出频段内信号的能量,观察能量的变化就可以判断出是否发生了故障以及故障的程度。以一组转子系统正常与故障时的实验数据为例,详细地说明了该方法的可行性,取得了准确的结果。该方法可以被广泛应用于各种平稳信号或非平稳信号的故障监测。     

质量慢变转子系统的碰摩故障小波分析

针对实际生产中某些转子系统工作时质量不断变化这一现象，建立了碰摩故障质量慢变转子系统模型。对局部碰摩的情况进行了理论分析和试验研究。利用小波时频等高图来诊断质量慢变转子系统碰摩故障，取得了比较好的效果。研究发现：无论是无故障转子系统还是碰摩故障转子系统，随着慢变质量的波动，系统响应的一倍频会产生波动，质量增大会引起响应的一倍频降低，质量减小会引起响应的一倍频升高。     

小波包在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用

研究了旋转机械转静件早期碰摩故障信号的检测问题。根据小波包分解能在所有频率范围聚焦、对信号奇异性非常敏感的特性,对比分析了不碰摩和早期碰摩振动信号的特征,得出应用小波包分解和信号重构的方法不仅可对早期碰摩进行准确诊断,还可确定碰摩的位置的结论,证明了该方法对碰摩故障进行诊断的可行性和有效性。     

结合复小波包变换及频谱校正的机械转子碰摩故障诊断方法研究

针对机械转子系统中碰摩故障发生时故障特征微弱及识别困难的问题,提出一种结合双树复小波包变换及频谱校正的故障诊断方法。首先对于振动位移信号中工频基波成分,采用频谱加矩形窗的频谱校正方法识别其谐波信息,通过构造补偿信号进行对消,以减少其对后续特征提取的影响。其次通过双树复小波包对补偿过的信号进行多尺度分解;最后对小波包子空间信号进行希尔伯特包络解调分析,通过瞬时幅值及瞬时频率信息诊断转子的动静碰摩故障。在转子实验台上进行了实验验证,结果表明提出的方法能有效提取转子碰摩产生的微弱故障特征。     

碰摩转子系统的灵敏度分析

针对仅考虑质量偏心的Jeffcott转子碰摩的动力学方程 ,进行了转子碰摩系统的灵敏度分析 ,研究了转轴刚度和阻尼、偏心距和定子的刚度对灵敏度的影响 ,并给出了数值分析解 ;讨论了参数的变化对碰摩的产生和影响 ,避免了设计旋转机械的盲目性     

基于小波包和HHT变换的声发射信号分析方法

针对声发射管道泄漏检测过程中的噪声干扰问题,对基于小波包和经验模态分解(EMD)的声发射信号处理方法进行了研究.采用小波包分解算法和经验模态分解都可以对管道泄漏声发射信号进行分解,但分解结果却存在一定区别.EMD是近年来非平稳信号分析领域的一个突破,对管道泄漏声发射信号进行EMD分解后,选择包含声发射特征的若干固有模式函数(IMF分量)进行重构,可以提取到管道泄漏声发射信号的本质特征,消除噪声信号的干扰.相对小波包分解方法而言,对根据IMF分量重构的声发射信号进行相关分析计算,得到的管道泄漏点的位置更为精确.     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET TIME-FR EQUENCY ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFICA-TION OF CRACKED ROTOR

Based on the simple hinge crack model and the local flexibility theorem, the corresponding dynamic equation of the cracked rotor is modelled, the numerical simulation solutions of the cracked rotor and the uncracked rotor are obtained. By the continuous wavelet time-frequency transform, the wavelet time-frequency properties of the uncracked rotor and the cracked rotor are discussed. A new detection algorithm that uses the wavelet time-frequency transform to identify the crack is proposed. The influence of the sampling frequency on the wavelet time-frequency transform is analyzed by the numerical simulation research. The valid sampling frequency is suggested. Experiments demonstrate the validity and availability of the proposed algorithm in identification of the cracked rotor for engineering practices.     

RESEARCH OF WAVELET TRANSFORM INSTRUMENT SYSTEM FOR SIGNAL ANALYSIS

0INTRODUCTIONSincethecoddleofthe1970's,abatchOfcompanieslikeHPinU.S.A.havedevelopedvariousdynamicsignalanalyzersbasedonFrsandhavebeenusedinavarietyofsignalmeasurementsandanalysissuchasstmcturalmodelanalysis,statemonitoringandfaultsdiagnosisofeqUipmentandnoiserealtimeoctaveanalysisetc,thisresultsinbigprogressofdynamicsignalanalysis.However,theFFTdefinedbyRiemafmintegTationisonlyabletoanalyzestaystatistical(smooth)signalsbutinefficienttonon-staystatistical(non-smooth)signalswhicharealso…     

小波分析及其在机械诊断中的应用

从工程应用的角度提出了对于小波分析的理解，给出了小波函数和尺度函数之间的关系和信号分解的小波变换。利用小波包算法分析了两种典型的机械故障。结果显示，小波包的分析方法较传统的窗口傅里叶变换和维格纳分布更加有效。     

基于关联维数和小波分析的转子系统碰摩故障分析

利用转子实验台,通过调整转定子间隙,对转子系统启动过程发生的碰摩故障进行模拟,采集其位移响应,进而计算不同时间段下的关联维数,得到关联维数随碰摩发展程度的演变规律及其不同碰摩程度的过渡区,最后利用重排小波尺度图对碰摩过渡区域进行详细的特征提取。结果表明,结合关联维数和重排小波尺度图,可以更好地了解碰摩发展过程,进而可以更好地识别早期碰摩故障。     

裂纹转子识别中Wigner-Ville分布与小波变换的比较

建立基于简单铰链裂纹模型的裂纹转子瞬态响应的动力学模型，得到裂纹转子与无裂纹转子的数值仿真解，比较裂纹转子与无裂纹转子Wigner-Ville分布和小波变换时频特性的不同。数值仿真进一步对比研究Wigner-Ville分布和小波变换对刚度变化的敏感性，并讨论质量偏心和质量偏心角对Wigner-Ville时频特性与小波时频特性的影响，为工程实际中裂纹转子的识别提供依据。     

THEORY AND APPLICATION OF WAVELET ANALYSIS INSTRUMENT LIBRARY

Some new theory and algorithms on wavelet analysis are proposed, including continuous wavelet transform (CWT), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), wavelet package transform (WPT), wavelet denosing and mother wavelet selection, etc. Using the component-based hierarchy mode, the platform for virtual instrument (VI) is constructed, and the functions such as data sampling, data analysis and data present, etc are provided. Subsequently, the wavelet analysis library is designed and developed. The library consists of expert system, experienced database, development platform and abundant wavelet analysis functional module, which together implement general and special wavelet analysis in the field of mechanical engineering, energy source, transportation and biomedicine, etc. Finally, the wavelet analysis virtual instrument library is applied to detect fault called engine knock. Experimental result indicates that the wavelet analysis virtual instrument library can efficiently solve the engineering problem such as detecting engine knock.     

小波变换对突变信号峰值奇异点的精确检测

研究了小波变换对突变信号峰值奇异点的精确检测机理和方法,采用了离散小波变换的直接算法,避免了塔式算法在本检测方法中的某些局限性。通过模拟算例和应用实例的验证,证明即使在有严重噪声干扰的情况下,该方法也很容易实现对突变信号峰值奇异点的准确检测和精确定位,具有相当高的定位精度（其误差不大于1个采样点）和分析精度（不存在累积误差）,同时具有较高的实时性。     

最优小波包分解在基于响应信号的结构损伤检测中的应用

小波包分解方法在基于响应信号的结构损伤检测中被证明对损伤程度高度敏感,得到广泛的应用.在小波包分解中采用的是完全二进制分叉树型分解,而实际上在分解过程中部分子信号仅含有很少的信息量,对其再进一步分解是不必要的.通过引入熵的概念,可以对分解过程中的各层子信号进行选择,仅对含有足够丰富信息的子信号进行更进一步的分解.这样做可以有效减少最终所得子信号数目,在保持灵敏度的同时降低损伤指标的维数,有助于缩减损伤识别中神经网络的规模,对于大型复杂结构的损伤检测工作具有一定的意义.     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET PACKET ANALYSIS IN DRILL WEAR MONITORING

In this work, an attempt has been made to develop a drill wear monitoring system which is independent to cutting conditions of the drilling process. A cost effective Hall-effect current sensor, which does not interfere with the process, has been used for acquiring motor current signature during drilling under different cutting conditions. An advanced signal processing technique, the wavelet packet transform has been used on the acquired current signature to extract features for indirect representation to the amount of drill wear. Experimental sensitivity analysis reveals that in comparison to time domain features, wavelet packet features are more sensitive to flank wear and less sensitive to the cutting conditions. A multilayer neural network model has then been developed to correlate the extracted wavelet packet features with drill flank wear. Experimental results show that the proposed drill wear monitoring system can successfully predict the flank wear with acceptable accuracy.     

APPLICATION OF WAVELET PACKET ANALYSIS IN DRILL WEAR MONITORING

In this work, an attempt has been made to develop a drill wear monitoring system which is independent to cutting conditions of the drilling process. A cost effective Hall-effect current sensor, which does not interfere with the process, has been used for acquiring motor current signature during drilling under different cutting conditions. An advanced signal processing technique, the wavelet packet transform has been used on the acquired current signature to extract features for indirect representation to the amount of drill wear. Experimental sensitivity analysis reveals that in comparison to time domain features, wavelet packet features are more sensitive to flank wear and less sensitive to the cutting conditions. A multilayer neural network model has then been developed to correlate the extracted wavelet packet features with drill flank wear. Experimental results show that the proposed drill wear monitoring system can successfully predict the flank wear with acceptable accuracy.