高速铣削球头立铣刀加工倾角的研究

球头立铣刀铣削曲面时,刀具轴线与工件曲面法线之间的夹角对工件表面质量及刀具寿命有着重要影响,在扼要介绍高速铣削对球头铣刀要求的基础上,通过对球头铣刀刀具轴线和工件加工表面之间的倾角研究,得出了调整刀具和工件之间的加工倾角,有效改善切削条件的策略,对高速铣削参数以及刀具切削路径的优选具有一定的指导意义.     

刀具角度对316H不锈钢切削力的影响仿真研究

316H不锈钢在切削加工中的切削力较大，其中主切削力对于工件表面质量和加工稳定性起着关键作用。由于刀具角度对切削力有很大的影响，因此建立了仿真加工316H不锈钢切削力的模型，运用正交实验方法仿真研究了刀具角度对主切削力的影响，并通过极差分析和方差分析相结合的方法研究了刀具主要角度与主切削力之间的关系。研究表明，主切削力与刀具前角呈负相关；与刀具刃倾角呈正相关，但是变化幅度很小；随着主偏角增大，呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势。     

匕首刀超声切削Nomex蜂窝芯复合材料切削力预测模型构建

蜂窝芯复合材料是广泛应用于航空、航天等领域的高性价比材料,但其加工过程中常因加工参数等原因造成芯格撕裂、破损等缺陷。切削力是衡量匕首刀超声振动切削Nomex蜂窝芯材料加工质量的重要物理量,为进一步优化加工参数,通过排除芯带粘接及切削位置对切削力的影响,建立匕首刀切削力预测模型,分析了在不同切削深度、进给速度、刀具前倾角及刀具侧倾角下匕首刀切削力的变化规律。实验结果及分析表明,修正及优化后建立的预测模型拟合情况良好,可用于预测对应变量对切削力的影响。随着刀具倾角的减小,切削力减小,且相较于前倾角,侧倾角影响更大。     

环形铣刀在五轴加工中的基于切削力模型的位姿优化

在五轴加工中,由于刀具位姿的不断变化,在每一个刀触点时工件所受的切削力也是不断变化的。为了能够在动态切削时实时检测工件所受的力,首先对环形铣刀的瞬时切削力进行了几何建模,接着建立了瞬时切削力与环形刀具在每一时刻的刃倾角和侧偏角之间的关系模型;从而在五轴加工中可以通过调整刀具位置姿态来控制铣刀对工件的力,避免切削干涉和工件变形的发生。     

环形铣刀五轴加工切削力预测

通过对环形铣刀的几何特性进行分析,考虑五轴加工中的前倾角和侧偏角,运用实体—解析法获得五轴加工中刀具与工件的切削域,并将环形铣刀沿刀轴方向离散成诸多圆盘,将圆盘投影至切削域中,从而获得刀具在不同旋转角度中的切入和切出角。建立了五轴加工中的切削力模型,并对9组不同倾角下的切削力进行仿真与试验。结果表明,试验所测得的切削力与MATLAB仿真预测下的切削力具有一致的吻合性,验证了环形铣刀五轴切削力模型的正确性。     

刀具坐标系铣削力建模及系数识别方法

切削力模型可以计算切削过程的切削力,是预测加工状态、优化加工参数的依据。传统的切削力预测模型都是针对工件坐标系建立的,然而在研究薄壁件多轴加工让刀变形、振动以及刀具磨损等问题时,基于刀具坐标系的切削力表示方式更为直观。为了预测刀具坐标系的切削力,在传统机械切削力模型的基础上,提出了刀具坐标系铣削力预测模型,并提出了基于刀具坐标系测量结果的切削力系数标定方法,最后通过实验验证了所提出的切削力预测模型和切削力系数标定方法,实验结果表明所提出的切削力模型能够准确地预测实际加工中的切削力。     

自滚切刀具切削力试验研究

简介了自滚切刀具的基本概念,分析了切削过程中的切削力,对自滚切端铣刀的切削力进行了试验研究,得出了切削力与刀具刃倾角、刀片直径及切削速度之间的关系。试验结果表明,刃倾角对自滚切刀具的合理使用最为重要,各切削分力随刃倾角不同的变化规律源于刀刃工作前后角的变化;较小的刀片直径有利于减小切削力,使切削过程更加平稳;自滚切刀具特别适合于高速切削,较普通刀具切削速度可提高50%以上。     

平头立铣刀铣削力模型中积分限的确定方法

在铣削力预报的研究中 ,通常采用的方法是将铣刀沿其轴线方向逐层划分为很薄的微单元 ,对每一个微单元可认为是一个单刃刀具的斜角切削过程 ,通过建立微单元上的切削力模型并沿轴线方向积分来求得总的切削力 ,轴向积分限通常是通过角度换算获取 ,比较繁琐。本文对刀具的几何特征进行了描述 ,建立了求取平头立铣刀铣削力模型角度积分限的通用方法 ,该方法通过分析刀具几何特征和加工类型 ,直接获取角度积分限 ,避免了繁琐的轴向积分限的计算 ,并通过算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

深孔加工刀具磨损的试验研究

深孔加工处于封闭或半封闭的状态下,加工过程复杂。因此,深孔加工过程中存在切削力不稳定、刀具磨损严重、刀具使用寿命低等问题。为了研究枪钻加工工艺参数对切削力和刀具磨损的影响,本文采用硬质合金枪钻作为深孔加工刀具,通过对深孔钻削的切削力和刀具磨损值的试验研究,得到了钻削工艺参数与切削力和刀具磨损之间的关系,经过分析得出了影响刀具磨损的原因。     

聚晶金刚石刀具振动切削不锈钢技术研究

使用聚晶金刚石刀具进行了超声波振动切削不锈钢的实验研究,研究了切削方式对切削力及已加工表面粗糙度的影响规律。通过对刀具磨损区微观形貌的观测,分析了PCD刀具切削不锈钢时的磨损机理。结果表明,化学磨损在金刚石刀具切削黑色金属时占主导地位。超声振动切削可明显减小切削变形、切削力及刀具磨损。     

Torus cutter positioning in five-axis milling using balance of the transversal cutting force

This article introduces a new torus cutter positioning strategy for five-axis milling of free-form surfaces. This approach ensures elimination of local interference while also allowing better surface quality to be obtained than with positioning proposed by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. In practice, the cutter axis is inclined to the rear in relation to the feed movement. A first inclination for the cutter axis is calculated to allow local interference to be eliminated. Then, an additional inclination is given to tool axis to achieve balancing of the transversal cutting force component perpendicular to the plane containing the tool axis and the feedrate vector. This particular machining situation considerably enhances the cutter's dynamic behaviour and gives better roughness values than those obtained with positioning by CAM software. A positioning method is adapted to the negative rearward inclination of the cutter axis, and it is then shown how transversal cutting force balancing is integrated in the form of an additional inclination. Finally, a comparison of the results obtained after milling with this new positioning and positioning calculated by a CAM program highlights the new method’s advantages.     

球头铣刀高速铣削斜面的三维数值模拟研究

用球头铣刀高速铣削斜面是在三轴加工中心上加工模具时的一种走刀方式。根据球头铣刀高速铣削斜面的特点,建立了在垂直向上和向下、水平向上和向下四种走刀方式下高速铣削45°斜面,以及在垂直向下走刀方式下高速铣削30°、60°、75°斜面的三维有限元模型,以分析不同走刀方式下铣削斜面以及铣削不同角度斜面时切削力和切削温度的变化规律。模拟结果表明,在铣削45°斜面时,采用向上走刀方式较向下走刀方式的切削力幅值小、波动大,且切削温度高;采用垂直向下走刀方式铣削大角度斜面时也出现类似情况。对切削力的实测结果验证了该模型的可靠性。     

自由曲面的五坐标端铣加工研究

针对自由曲面的五坐标端铣加工，建立了平底刀有效切削轮廓的数学模型，分析了刀具姿态对有效切削轮廓及加工效率的影响。沿行距方向，通过对被加工曲面法截线的偏置曲线与有效切削轮廓求交，得到一种走刀行距的计算方法。探讨了影响走刀行距的因素，在不发生干涉的前提下，小的后跟角和侧偏角有利于加工行距的提高。结合平底刀加工不发生过切的充要条件和被加工曲面沿行距方向的法曲率，给出了后跟角的自动计算方法。算例表明，所提出的走刀行距及刀具倾角的计算方法合理可行，能够有效提高计算精度和加工效率。     

Cutting force prediction for ball nose milling of inclined surface

Ball nose milling of complex surfaces is common in the die/mould and aerospace industries. A significant influential factor in complex surface machining by ball nose milling for part accuracy and tool life is the cutting force. There has been little research on cutting force model for ball nose milling on inclined planes. Using such a model ,and by considering the inclination of the tangential plane at the point of contact of the ball nose model, it is possible to predict the cutting force at the particular cutting contact point of the ball nose cutter on a sculptured surface. Hence, this paper presents a cutting force model for ball nose milling on inclined planes for given cutting conditions assuming a fresh or sharp cutter. The development of the cutting force model involves the determination of two associated coefficients: cutting and edge coefficients for a given tool and workpiece combination. A method is proposed for the determination of the coefficients using the inclined plane milling data. The geometry for chip thickness is considered based on inclined surface machining with overlapping of previous pass. The average and maximum cutting forces are considered. These two forces have been observed to be more dominating force-based parameters or features with high correlation with tool wear. The developed cutting force model is verified for various cutting conditions.     

Theoretical modelling of cutting forces in helical end milling with cutter runout

A theoretical cutting force model for helical end milling with cutter runout is developed using a predictive machining theory, which predicts cutting forces from the input data of workpiece material properties, tool geometry and cutting conditions. In the model, a helical end milling cutter is discretized into a number of slices along the cutter axis to account for the helix angle effect. The cutting action for a tooth segment in the first slice is modelled as oblique cutting with end cutting edge effect and tool nose radius effect, whereas the cutting actions of other slices are modelled as oblique cutting without end cutting edge effect and tool nose radius effect. The influence of cutter runout on chip load is considered based on the true tooth trajectories. The total cutting force is the sum of the forces at all the cutting slices of the cutter. The model is verified with experimental milling tests.     

内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀的实验测试

提出一种长径比接近8的内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀结构。开展阻尼器模态测试,确定最优结构设计方案。对内置被动阻尼器减振铣刀进行周向模态测试,研究减振铣刀在不同方位的动力学特性。选取铝合金和钛合金工件材料,开展多组切削参数组合下的切削实验测试。在铝合金切削时,减振铣刀的加工噪声、切削力和表面粗糙度比无阻尼铣刀平均下降了52.1%,49.5%和73.4%;在钛合金全槽铣削时,能够在无阻尼铣刀出现明显颤振的切削条件下实现平稳切削。     

曲面铣削过程加工路径对切削力和磨损的影响研究

针对不同走刀路径下的复杂曲面加工过程进行球头铣刀铣削Cr12MoV加工复杂曲面研究,分析不同走刀路径下铣削力和刀具磨损的变化趋势。试验结果表明:通过对比分析直线铣削和曲面铣削过程中的最大未变形切屑厚度,可以得出单周期内曲面铣削的力大于直线铣削过程的力,铣削相同铣削层时环形走刀测得的切削力普遍大于往复走刀测得的切削力;以最小刀具磨损为优化目标,运用方差分析法分析得出不同走刀路径的影响刀具磨损的主次因素,同时利用残差分析方法建立球头铣刀加工复杂曲面刀具磨损预测模型,并通过试验进行验证。     

Selection of the Machining Inclination Angle in High-Speed Ball End Milling

High-speed machining is a key issue for current die and mould manufacturing. Though this technology has great potential for high productivity, tool wear accelerated by high cutting speeds and hard materials is a barrier. In this work, we attempted to reduce tool wear by controlling the machining inclination angle between the tool and the workpiece. To do this, the range of cutting angles engaged in the cutting using a ball end cutter is obtained from the boundary lines describing machined sculptured surfaces represented by the cutting envelop condition and the geometric relationships of successive tool paths. Then, the chip cross-sectional area and chip length can be obtained from the calculated cutting edge and the rotational engagement angle. The simulation results showed that a machining inclination angle of 15° was good enough from the point view of machineability, and this value was verified by a cutting experiment using high-speed ball end milling.