多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器能量耗散系数计算方法

多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器是利用干摩擦原理实现转子阻尼减振的支撑零件。这种阻尼器能在高低温等恶劣环境下工作,同时阻尼特性受转子偏心影响小,可以通过改变阻尼器钢板的厚度提高阻尼器的能量耗散性能。在有限元法和摩擦学原理的基础上进行理论分析,根据多层波纹钢板转子阻尼器的能量耗散分布,提出多层钢板阻尼器的能量耗散系数的计算方法。该方法首先通过有限元分析获得接触应力,然后采用Mindlin接触模型推导出两层干摩擦接触表面摩擦耗能的计算公式,最后得出转子阻尼器整体的能量耗散系数。试验证明了该计算方法是正确可行的,具有较高计算精度。     

金属橡胶环形隔振器弹性阻尼性能的计算

利用金属环形元件弹性模量的计算方法，推导出金属椽胶环形隔振器弹性模量的计算公式，并通过了实验验证。通过对大量实验结果的分析，推导出金属橡胶环形隔振器平均刚度、内摩擦力及能量耗散系数与金属丝直径、环形隔振器的几何参数、金属橡胶元件的相对密度之间的关系。基于弹性迟滞同线的形成原理，建立了该种隔振器的弹性迟滞回线的数学模型，并通过了实验验证。借助该数学模型和有限元计算方法，可以直接求得任意金属橡胶环形隔振器的弹性阻尼性能，大大减少了实验工作量。     

挤压式磁流变液阻尼器--转子系统的动力学特性与控制

用磁流变液代替常规挤压油膜阻尼器的润滑油,可制成阻尼特性受磁场控制的挤压油膜阻尼器,用于转子系统的振动控制。依据Bingham模型推导了磁流变液挤压油膜的雷诺方程及其解的表达式,给出了油膜流速、压力分布、油膜反力和阻尼器内磁拉力等的计算公式;以磁流变液阻尼器—刚性转子系统为例,理论分析了挤压油膜的力学特性和转子系统的不平衡响应特性;设计和制造了一种用于转子振动控制的挤压式磁流变液阻尼器;试验研究了支承在该阻尼器上的单盘偏置柔性转子系统的不平衡响应特性和控制方法。研究表明,磁拉力可降低一阶临界转速和临界振幅;油膜反力可降低转子系统在无阻尼临界转速处的振幅,并使一阶有阻尼临界转速增大;通过开关控制能使阻尼器具有最佳的减振效果,使转子振幅在全转速区达到最小。     

新型弧面摩擦阻尼器力学性能研究

为克服传统摩擦阻尼器自适应能力差及耗能能力低的缺点,提出了一种新型弧面摩擦阻尼器,该阻尼器的结构特征在于其摩擦板和滑块的滑移面均为弧形,两滑块之间装有压缩橡胶,阻尼器通过摩擦板与滑块之间的移动产生摩擦力实现耗能。建立了阻尼器的机理模型,并采用数值模型验证了机理模型的合理性,分析了加载频率和橡胶弹簧初始压缩量对阻尼器滞回阻尼特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：该新型阻尼器具有马鞍形滞回曲线,其摩擦力具有位移随变性;该阻尼器的耗能能力比传统摩擦阻尼器强,耗能能力最多提高了23.84%;其力学性能与加载频率相关性较小,而橡胶弹簧预紧力越大,阻尼器的滞回耗能能力越强。     

一种新型的磁流变阻尼器及其在半主动控制车辆悬架中的应用研究

研制了一种新型的磁流变阻尼器 ,进行了阻尼器的阻尼特性试验。在性能试验的基础上 ,提出了描述磁流变阻尼器阻尼特性的非线性滞回模型。采用磁流变阻尼器实现车辆悬架系统半主动控制 ,提出一种基于最优控制理论的半主动控制方案 ,给出了悬架系统在B级公路路面激励下控制数值仿真结果。结果表明基于最优控制理论的半主动控制磁流变阻尼器有明显的控制效果 ,可以有效地提高车辆的乘坐舒适性 ,具有良好的应用前景。     

Design and analysis of a new magneto rheological damper for washing machine

In this article, a new magneto rheological (MR) sponge damper is proposed for suppression of vibrations in a washing machine. The article presents design optimization of geometric parameters of MR sponge damper (MRSD) using the finite element analysis (FEA) and first order derivative techniques for a washing machine. The article explains the hysteresis behavior and the relationship of damping force with input current for the proposed MRSD. Moreover, the characteristics of the MRSD such as energy dissipation and equivalent damping coefficient are investigated experimentally in terms of input current and excitation amplitude. The passive dampers installed in washing machine are ineffective in reducing unwanted vibrations at resonant frequencies due to real time unbalanced mass. For this purpose, a test setup is established in order to compare the performance of passive dampers with the proposed MRSDs in a washing machine. It is noticed that MRSDs reduce average vibrations of 75.61 % in a low frequency band, whereas in a high frequency band, the MRSDs lessen average vibrations of 30.57 % in a washing machine. In order to determine the performance of proposed design MRSD, a detailed comparison of the performance parameters, such as total damping force, passive force, maximum average vibrations after suppression by MR dampers, maximum current and power ratings is provided with the existing designs of MR damper for washing machine from the literature.     

磁流变液阻尼器-柔性转子系统振动特性与控制的再研究

对先前提出的理论分析模型进行适当改进，用新模型对支承在磁流变液阻尼器上的单盘悬臂柔性转子系统的振动特性和控制技术进行再研究。研究表明，随着磁流变液阻尼器的库仑阻尼力的增大，系统在无阻尼临界转速处振幅明显下降，但在两阶临界转速之间的一定转速区振幅增加；同时，随着库仑阻尼力的增加，阻尼器轴承处的振幅在几乎所有转速时都被减小，甚至在某些转速区间该轴承被“锁住”，而且轴承能够振动的区间越来越窄。这说明转子系统从一个弹性支承系统逐步转化为一个准刚性支承系统，阻尼器支承的有效刚度越来越大，使得一阶有阻尼临界转速逐渐提高，并逐渐接近刚支临界转速。根据这些特性，提出通过开关控制抑止转子通过两阶临界转速过程中的振动，并使转子振幅在全转速区达到最小。仿真结果表明，系统能平稳通过两阶临界转速。     

自供电式汽车磁流变减振器特性研究*

针对现有磁流变减振器自供电装置结构复杂、机电转换效率低能等问题,提出一种运用滚珠丝杠驱动的盘式永磁发电机的能量采集器。介绍盘式永磁发电机的结构和原理;运用software Maxwell 3D软件分析发电机气隙磁密,理论计算出发电机基本机电能量转换关系;建立了盘式发电机的电磁有限元模型,用仿真软件对所设计的电机空载负载输出电压进行研究;制作了样机,对盘式永磁发电机分别进行定转速激励和正弦激励测试其机电转换性能;研究带有能量采集器的磁流变减振器在正弦激励下阻尼力特性。试验结果表明该盘式永磁电机能够为磁流变减振器提供所需的电能。     

自适应磁流变悬架半主动控制研究

针对目前应用于汽车悬架系统的磁流变减振器工作时需要外部电源和控制设备的问题,设计了一种新型磁流变减振器,该减振器在无需外部电源和控制设备的条件下实现了对振动的自适应控制。研究了该减振器的结构特征和电能收集理论模型,并进行了模拟仿真。利用该减振器构建了无需外部电源和控制设备的汽车自适应磁流变悬架半主动控制系统,在1/4悬架实验台上进行了实验研究,实验结果表明,该控制系统是可行的,明显提高了汽车行驶的平顺性。     

径向电涡流阻尼器对柔性转子系统振动的控制

为了抑制转子系统的振动和研发高性能的转子系统振动主动控制执行元件,基于电涡流原理提出了一种新型的转子系统径向电涡流阻尼器,在一个带有双盘的柔性转子系统上详细地测量了不同磁场强度条件下径向电涡流阻尼器支撑的转子系统在非旋转状态下的传递函数、在恒定转速下的运动轨道以及在慢加速运行过程中的不平衡响应曲线,并进行了利用径向电涡流阻尼器对转子系统的振动进行分段和比例控制的有效性试验。结果表明了这种新型的径向电涡流阻尼器不仅具有结构简单、无需流体介质、无机械接触等特点,而且其动力特性还容易控制,在设计合理的条件下能够显著地减小转子系统的振动,是一种被动和主动兼备具有良好发展和应用前景的转子系统阻尼结构。     

弹性支承干摩擦阻尼器减振实验研究

建立了弹性支承干摩擦阻尼器实验装置,验证了弹支干摩擦阻尼器的可行性和有效性。干摩擦阻尼器由弹性支承、两个摩片、弹簧以及固定支承组成。摩片之一固定在弹性支承的一端,另一摩片置于固定支承,通过弹簧压紧。摩片之间通过弹簧提供压紧力保持接触。弹性支承内有一轴承,支持转子的一端。干摩擦阻尼器工作方式如下,如果转子不振动,弹性支承静止,所以摩片之间没有相对位移,也就不产生摩擦;如果转子振动,弹性支承端面的摩片与固定支座上的摩片之间产生相对位移,这样两摩片之间的摩擦将为转子系统提供阻尼。实验结果证明干摩擦阻尼器可以明显地降低通过临界转速时的转子振动,它是一种用于转子系统的新型的有前途的阻尼器。     

Design and test of a solid material damper for a rotor bearing system

For a rotor bearing system operating at high speed, a solid material flexible damped support called here a solid material damper has been designed and tested. The properties of the damper can be selected and adjusted to provide the necessary damping levels to get the vibration of the rotor under control. This is especially useful for a flexible rotor running in the vicinity of a critical speed or over the threshold speed obtained from calculations on the basis of linearized hydrodynamic forces. The damper was fabricated and installed and its ability to restrain effectively the rotor from vibration was demonstrated by means of an operating test.     

GENERALIZED ASYMMETRIC HYSTERESIS MODEL OF CONTROLLABLE MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL DAMPER FOR VEHICLE SUSPENSION ATTENUATION

A generalized model is synthesized to charaterize the asymmetric hysteresis force-velocity(F-v) properties of the magneto-rheological (MR fluids damper. The model is represented as afunction of the command current, excitation frequency, and displasement amplitude, based on thesymmetric and asymmetric sigmoid functions. The symmetric hysteresis damping properties of thecotrollable MR.damper and properties of the conventional passive hydraulic damper can also bedescribed by the proposed model. The validity of the model is verified by experiments, which showthat the results calculated from the model are consistent with the measured data. In addition, it isshown that the model applies to a wide vibration frequency range. The proposed model has potentialapplication in vehicle suspension design employing the symmetry MR-damper, and also in developingtie asymmetry MR-Damper especially for the vehicle suspension attenuation.     

双面TiNi形状记忆合金环阻尼器的振动响应特性

应用两组奥氏体态TiNi合金环作为耗能元件设计了一种新型阻尼器。介绍了该阻尼器的结构特点及工作原理,利用振动台试验测试了合金环层数、纵向预变形及载荷对该阻尼器的振动响应特性的影响。研究结果表明,该阻尼器具有较复杂的振动响应变化规律,不同于单自由度系统,在低频段(0~10Hz),振动过程传递率始终小于1,即始终处于隔振区,表明此时该阻尼器具有优良的减振能力;同时增加合金环层数和纵向预变形可有效改善其减振效果。     

阻尼线耗能特性试验研究与理论分析

通过进行阻尼线的室内模拟消振试验研究了阻尼线的耗能特性,利用摄动法研究了阻尼线的静态构形,对其振动方程求解,得到了阻尼线的耗能功率理论计算值,并与相应的试验结果进行对比分析.结果表明,阻尼线谐振频率与其长度有关,阻尼线的长度影响其耗能效果;摄动法的阻尼线耗能功率理论计算值与试验结果吻合较好,故验证了该方法的可靠性与合理性.上述结论可为大跨越阻尼线的防振设计与研究提供参考.     

Study of creep-fatigue behavior in a 1000 MW rotor using a phenomenological lifetime model

In this study, the phenomenological lifetime model was applied to part of an ultra-supercritical steam turbine rotor model to predict its lifetime as a post processing of the finite element method. To validate the accuracy and adaptation of the post processing program, stress-strain hysteresis loops of a cylinderal model under service-like load cycle conditions in cycle N = 1 and 300 were constructed, and the comparison of the results with experimental data on the same cylinderal specimen showed them to be satisfactory. The temperature and von Mises stress distributions of the rotor during a startup-running-shutdown-natural cool process were numerically studied using ABAQUS and the damage caused by the interaction of creep and fatigue was subsequently computed and discussed. It was found that the maximum damage appeared at the inlet notch zone, with the blade groove areas and the front notch areas also suffering a large damage amplitude.     

滞回模型磁流变减振器半主动悬架模糊控制

为了获得磁流变减振器便于控制的精确力学模型,在正弦激励下对磁流变减振器进行了特性试验,利用试验数据拟合了一种滞回模型,以此来表示磁流变减振器的动态响应特性,比较由此模型仿真和实测的阻尼力,表明此模型既能较好地描述其滞回特征,亦能简单明了地表达逆向动态特性,可在开环控制策略下容易地获得理想的阻尼力,利用此模型设计了一个开环控制策略下的模糊控制器,比较所设计的模糊控制器和天棚控制器及被动悬架的性能,采用四分之一悬架模型采进行分析和仿真,随机路面激励下的数值仿真进一步证实了此控制器的有效性,其综合性能比天棚控制和被动悬架均有较大幅度的提高.     

THEORY AND EXPERIMENT ON THE VISCOUS HEATING OF FLUID DAMPER UNDER SHOCK ENVIRONMENT

A specially designed fluid damper used as negative shock pulse generator in the shock resistance test system to dissipate the shock input energy in transient time duration is presented. The theoretical modeling based on the three-dimensional equation of heat transfer through a fluid element is created to predict the viscous heating in the fluid damper under shock conditions. A comprehensive experimental program that investigates the problem of viscous heating in the fluid damper under different shock conditions is conducted on the shock test machine to validate the analytical expression. Temperature histories for the fluid within the damper at two locations, the annular-oriflce and the-end-of stroke of the damper, are recorded. The experimental results show that the theoretical model can offer a very dependable prediction for the temperature histories in the damper for increasing input velocity. The theoretical model and experimental data both clearly indicate that the viscous heating in the damper is directly related to the maximum shock velocity input and the pressure between the two sides of the piston head.     

冲击载荷下磁流变阻尼器动态特性分析及模型参数辨识

对自行设计的长行程磁流变阻尼器进行了冲击试验,测试其在冲击载荷下的动态特性.通过采用非线性最小二乘法对试验数据拟合,得到基于Herschel-Bulkley磁流变液非线性本构特性的平行平板恒流模型能够准确描述,冲击载荷下后坐过程速度下降阶段磁流变阻尼器的动态特性.针对以上模型在高低速时函数表达不同且形式复杂的缺点,采用双曲正切函数描述低速时阻尼力随后坐速度平滑下降的特性,提出一种形式统一、表达简洁的磁流变阻尼器动态模型,并对模型中的参数进行了辨识.利用所提出的磁流变阻尼器动态模型,在Matlab/Simulink中建立磁流变阻尼器冲击后坐仿真平台,并对本次冲击试验进行数值仿真,结果表明仿真曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,证明以上简化模型的正确性.     

Numerical and experimental approach on energy dissipation in nano colloidal damper

Mechanical damping systems have been widely used to various mechanical structures and systems, and are mainly hydraulic and pneumatic devices nowadays. New damping system such as nano colloidal damper (NCD) is complementary to the hydraulic one, having a cylinder-piston-orifice structure. This study includes numerical and experimental investigation about energy dissipation of NCD by using porous silica particles. In numerical approach, the dissipated energy was obtained between compression and relaxation processes for porous silica particle in NCD according to the capillary tube theory. Furthermore, for colloidal damper, the hydraulic oil was replaced by a colloidal suspension that was consisted of a nano-porous matrix with controlled architecture and a lyophobic fluid. NCD test rig and the measuring technique of the hysteresis were described in this study Performance of the energy dissipation between numerical and experimental results was investigated and compared. As a result, the proposed NCD was proved to efficiently dissipate the mechanical energy.