一种基于立体模板的双目视觉传感器现场标定方法

给出了一种基于立体标定模板的双目视觉摄像机内、外部参数现场标定方法.该方法采用理想小孔模型忽略摄像机镜头的非线性畸变,把透视变换矩阵中的元素作为未知数,在已知一组三维空间特征点坐标及其对应的图像点坐标时,利用线性算法求解出透视变换矩阵中的各个元素,进而得到所需的参数.最后采用立体标定模板对该标定算法进行了实验验证,用标定完成的立体视觉传感器对已知长度进行测量,相对精度达到了0.02%,取得了较为理想的结果.结果表明:该方法由于无需迭代,因此计算速度快,在测量现场只需摆放一次标定模板即可完成标定,可高精度地实现摄像机内、外部参数的现场标定.     

基于智能三坐标测量机的零件位姿单目立体视觉识别

为了使三坐标测量机快速准确地识别出被测零件的位姿,提出了一种基于三坐标测量机平动的单目立体视觉识别方法,并对该方法的原理、位姿参数的求解和识别过程进行了研究.根据双目立体视觉原理,以三坐标测量机带动摄像机沿X轴或y轴平移,在两个不同位置分别拍摄被测零件的一幅图像;利用本文提出的基于边缘图像质心偏移的同名像点匹配方法,实现单摄像机立体视觉测量,得到被测零件上各特征点在摄像机坐标系中的三维坐标;由摄像机标定参数,进一步计算出各特征点在机器坐标系中的三维坐标;再结合各特征点在零件CAD坐标系中的对应坐标,求解出被测零件的位姿参数.组建了识别系统,进行了识别实验,结果显示,识别出的实验件位姿的平移量分别为:tx1=32.65 mm,ty1 =-90.23 mm,tz1=13.27 mm,旋转角分别为Ax =38°,AY=4°,Az=-5°,整个识别过程用时1.818 s.得到的实验数据表明该识别方法是可行的,可满足实时测量要求.     

REVO五轴测量系统探针变形量标定及光栅值提取

REVOTM是基于正交式坐标测量机设计和应用的、能够同时实现高效高精度测量的动态测头系统.针对REVO五轴测量系统在非正交式坐标测量机中应用的问题,提出了REVO测头探针变形量的标定方法,并从测量系统返回的有限数据中分离出了各主轴的光栅数据,实现了测量点三维坐标数据的重构.实验验证了所提出标定方法和各主轴光栅值提取的有效性和正确性.实验结果表明,经过探针变形量补偿后,测量误差最大值从0.202 1 mm降低到0.000 9 mm,所提取出的各主轴光栅值变化量降低了两个数量级.     

基于遗传算法的像机虚拟立体校准技术研究

给出了一种基于遗传优化算法的虚拟立体校准方法。利用红外发光二极管随三坐标测量机的测头做定间距移动构造了一个立体校准模板,通过奇异值分解算法初始估计校准参数,最后,通过遗传算法优化求解所有校准参数。实验中校准点的空间位置反推误差小于0.04 mm,表明该方法能够解决像机内参数精确校准问题,可以满足大尺寸视觉坐标测量技术对摄像机内参数精确校准的要求。     

3-PSS并联机构正解及其在坐标测量机中的应用

针对传统坐标测量机和关节臂测量机存在的技术局限,基于3-PSS并联机构原理,提出了只需一只长光栅、一条精密导轨即可实现三维空间精密测量的坐标测量机,并研究了测量系统的测量模型、测量误差模型及并联机构误差平均效应.根据并联机构基本理论建立了测量机的六杆测量模型,在此基础上进行了杆长制造、装配误差和光栅读数误差的理论分析.然后,从理论上展示和说明了并联机构存在误差平均效应的数学本质和依据.最后,介绍了样机的设计及制造,并给出初步的实验结果.在没有进行误差修正和系统标定的前提下,该样机在X,Y,Z3个坐标方向上的测量误差分别为0.029 mm,0.045 mm和0.058 mm.得到的结果可指导新样机的优化设计.     

基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿

运动学标定是提高关节臂式坐标测量机精度的主要方法，但运动学标定后的残余误差对其测量精度和稳定性仍有很大影响。本文提出一种基于复合标定和极限学习机的关节臂式坐标测量机残差建模及补偿方法，以提高关节臂式坐标测量机的测量精度。首先，在关节臂式坐标测量机运动学建模和误差建模的基础上，建立了运动学参数辨识模型，并依次进行角度参数辨识、长度参数辨识和长度参数等比例缩放的复合辨识，完成了七自由度关节臂式坐标测量机的运动学标定。其次，通过对标定后残余误差图谱的分析，发现残余误差与测量构型有关联，进而构建了以测量摆角、仰角、距离和转角为变量的测量构型。由于测量构型变量与残余误差存在强非线性关系，提出一种基于极限学习机的残余误差预测和补偿方法。通过实验对本文所提模型及方法的有效性进行验证，结果表明：进行残差修正后关节臂式坐标测量机的单点测量误差最大值由0.061 mm下降到0.044 mm，误差均值由0.023 mm下降到0.017 mm，误差标准差由0.011mm下降到0.007 mm；长度测量误差最大值由0.137 mm下降到0.074 mm，误差均值由0.033 mm下降到0.021 mm、误差标准...     

构建虚拟立体靶标的大视场高精度视觉标定

为了提高立体视觉系统在大视场下的测量精度,基于误差溯源思想提出了一种构建虚拟立体靶标的大视场高精度视觉系统标定方法,克服了大尺寸高精度标定物难以制造等问题。对影响立体视觉系统测量精度的主要因素进行分析,列出视觉测量系统的误差溯源链,解析了大视场视觉系统精度瓶颈的原因。借助激光跟踪仪,运用非线性最小二乘单位四元数算法求解坐标系刚体变换,获取大范围高精度的空间点阵,构建虚拟靶标。在相机畸变模型中考虑了三阶径向畸变和二阶切向畸变参数,并使用Levenberg-Marquardt迭代算法进行标定参数求解,进一步提高系统精度。实验构建了一套测量空间约为4m×3m×2m的双目立体视觉系统,通过对某型号高精度直线导轨进行点距测量,在测量距离3m处,152组不同长度的横向距离测量的误差算术均值为-0.003mm,误差标准差为0.08mm。测量精度相较于传统的平面标定法有较大提升。     

测量误差不确定性加权的立体视觉位姿估计目标函数

针对视觉测量过程中配合目标特征点在成像时灰度模式的各向异性且非独立同分布对位姿估计求解的影响,建立了基于特征点测量误差不确定性加权的位姿估计目标函数。利用协方差矩阵描述特征点的方向不确定性,分析成像特征点的不确定性对目标函数的作用权重,并将特征点测量误差的不确定性融入到空间共线性误差函数中,进而构造了基于成像特征点测量误差不确定性加权的新目标函数。该方法适应于特征点测量误差具有不同程度的方向不确定性的情况,最后通过广义正交迭代算法对该目标函数进行迭代优化求解。实验表明,当测量空间为2 300 mm×1 400 mm×1 400mm,采用新目标函数得到靶标重投影后图像坐标的最大误差不超过0.11pixel,立体视觉系统对标准杆的相对测量精度优于0.01%。所得的结果验证了新目标函数的位姿估计精度高、稳定性强,适用于实际的工程应用。     

用蚁群算法求解关节式坐标测量机的最佳测量区

本文提出了一种求解最佳测量区的方法,以进一步提高关节式坐标测量机的测量精度。首先,根据关节式坐标测量机的测量模型,建立了基于圆编码器测角误差的关节式坐标测量机误差模型。利用蒙特卡洛理论得到6个关节转角的随机数,采用数值法仿真分析测量机的测量空间。然后将包含测量空间的一立方体区域等间隔切割成343个小立方体区域,采用蚁群算法确定每个小区域由于圆编码器误差所引起的最大测量误差。最后,通过比较找到其中最大测量误差最小的区域,即为最佳测量区。研究结果表明,对于所研究的关节式坐标测量机,各个小区域的最大误差为0.069 9~0.189 6mm,其中最小值为0.069 9mm的区域为-100mm≤x≤100mm,-100mm≤y≤100mm,400mm≤z≤600mm。采用本文方法确定的最佳测量区在测量空间内为一个立方体区域,故在最佳测量区进行较高精度的测量具有实用性和可操作性。     

REVO五轴测量系统探针变形量标定及光栅值提取（英文）

REVO~(TM)是基于正交式坐标测量机设计和应用的、能够同时实现高效高精度测量的动态测头系统。针对REVO五轴测量系统在非正交式坐标测量机中应用的问题,提出了REVO测头探针变形量的标定方法,并从测量系统返回的有限数据中分离出了各主轴的光栅数据,实现了测量点三维坐标数据的重构。实验验证了所提出标定方法和各主轴光栅值提取的有效性和正确性。实验结果表明,经过探针变形量补偿后,测量误差最大值从0.202 1mm降低到0.000 9mm,所提取出的各主轴光栅值变化量降低了两个数量级。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.