光纤光栅传感系统信号解调技术的研究

实现波长编码信号的解调，是光纤光栅传感系统实用化推广的关键技术之一。文中讨论了光纤光栅传感信号解调的基本原理，分析了国内外提出的常用解调方法的工作机理、特点和性能，并总结了信号解调过程中存在的主要技术难点及发展方向，为基于光纤光栅传感系统的解调部分的设计提供了依据。     

超微型转子动平衡机数字滤波算法研究

本文设计的数字线性相位带通滤波及ＤＦＴ解调算法，成功地应用于超微型转子动平衡机幅度及相位解调中。     

便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪的研制

近年来光纤光栅在传感领域中的应用研究日益得到关注，其中光纤光栅波长解调是光纤光栅传感器得到应用推广的关键之一。针对大型建筑结构监测应用领域，研制了一种便携式光纤Bragg光栅波长解调仪。解调仪基于无源比例解调原理，以熔融拉锥器件作为线性滤波器，采用锁相放大技术提取微弱信号，并利用单片机控制光纤Bragg光栅波长信息的采集、显示以及存储。解调仪结构简单、成本低，可实现大量程波长测量。实验表明，该光纤光栅解调仪解调范围达15nm，波长测量精度为12．4pm。     

基于数字锁相环的FM解调器设计及其在cpld上的实现

系统以全数字锁相环（DPLL）为核心，实现对调频信号的解调。FM信号经前端调理后送入ADC．转化出的数字信号送入CPLD解调，再由DAC将解调出的数字信号转化为模拟信号输出，从而实现对FM信号的解调。DPLL部分由CPLD实现。     

LabWindoWs/CVI软件平台下调幅信号解调的软件实现

文中对比模拟电路中实现调幅信号解调的两种常用方法，通过数学推导，给出了软件处理的算法依据，同时给出了利用同态滤波的思想实现调幅信号解调的原理。并在LabWindows/CVI软件平台下利用其提供的功能强大的信号分析函数库采用3种不同方法实现调幅信号解调。最后给出仿真实例，并得出调幅信号解调的软件实现优于硬件实现的结论。     

基于非对称滤波的解调频法的原理研究

从调频信号边频分量的幅值相位特征出发，分析了平方解调法不能对调频信号进行解调的原因。分析过程中发现由于调频信号栽波频率左右两侧的边频分量的相位具有一种特殊的对称性，和调幅信号完全不同，使得常用的解调方法不再适用于调频信号。针对上述问题，从打破调频信号边频分量的特殊对称性出发，利用非对称滤波法（滤波器的中心频率远离载波频率）对调频信号进行滤波，用常规解调法就可以进行解调。通过对调频信号边频相位的非对称特性的分析和研究，为寻找更好的解调频方法提供了新的思路。     

基于电流信号的液压设备状态监测技术研究

通过大量理论研究与试验验证发现机械工程中液压设备的许多故障信息是以调制的形式存在于所监测的电气信号及振动信号中,借助硬件解调电路及软件希尔伯特变换对这些信号进行解调处理,通过监测调制信号以达到对整个液压系统的状态监测。该文介绍了硬件解调电路、希尔伯特变换的解调原理以及基于电流信号借助DSP的电动机功率监测的方法。     

基于FPGA/MCU全光纤电流互感器解调系统的设计

阐述了反射式全光纤电流互感器的工作原理,分析了互感器解调系统输出信号的特性,由此设计了全光纤电流互感器的解调系统方案,给出了一种FPGA+MCU的实现方法,研制了全光纤电流互感器的解调系统,并进行了测试验证。测试结果表明,解调系统能够对全光纤电流互感器交流及直流电流信号进行解析,说明解调系统满足全光纤电流互感器的功能要求。     

IRIG-B码数字解调技术

论述了一种IRIG-B格式时间码(交流(AC)码)的数字解调技术。在介绍IRIG-B码格式后,对数字解调技术的原理、方法及实现作了全面讨论分析,并提出了IRIG-B码在波形失真畸变时的解调方法及相位的识别技术和精度的保证措施。     

基于局部投影降噪的低频轴承故障诊断

本文将局部投影降噪算法结合共振解调技术对低频轴承进行故障诊断。局部投影算法将时间序列先进相重构，在高维的相空间上采用局部投影的方法将相空间分解成正交的子空间，来分离时序中背景信号和噪场分量。综合局部投影降噪算法及共振解调技术两都的优点，对低频轴承进行了故障分析与诊断。     

某型号飞机起落架支柱减振筒内壁腐蚀原因分析

飞机起落架减振支柱在飞机起落和滑跑时,吸收撞击能量,对飞机安全起降的意义重大.减振筒是减振支柱中的重要部件,本文从工艺流程、理化分析、外场使用和腐蚀机理分析等方面,对减振支柱减振筒内壁的腐蚀原因及危害进行了综合分析,并提出了相应措施.     

Natural frequencies of vibration of a class of solids composed of layers of isotropic materials

In a recent paper, the Ritz method with simple algebraic polynomials as trial functions was used to obtain an eigenvalue equation for the free vibration of a class of homogeneous solids with cavities. The method presented is here extended to the study of a class of non-homogeneous solids, in which each solid is composed of a number of isotropic layers with different material properties. The Cartesian coordinate system is used to describe the geometry of the solid which is modelled by means of a segment bounded by the yz, zx and xy orthogonal coordinate planes and by two curved surfaces which are defined by fairly general polynomial expressions in the coordinates x, y and z. The surface representing the interface between two material layers in the solid is also described by a polynomial expression in the coordinates x, y and z. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approach, natural frequencies are given for both a two- and three-layered spherical shell and for a homogeneous hollow cylinder, as computed using the present approach, and are compared with those obtained using an exact solution. Results are then given for a number of two- and three-layered cylinders and, to demonstrate the versatility of the approach, natural frequencies are given for a five-layered cantilevered beam with a central circular hole as well as for a number of composite solids of more general shape.     

油品含水率在线检测仪的研制

介绍油品含水率检测原理、电容／电压转换方法以及系统设计。实验结果表明，该仪器能够准确、快速地检测出油品的含水率．从而避免了润滑失效所带来的潜在危害。     

Modeling of coefficient of contraction of differential pressure flowmeters

The article provides a solution to the problem of contraction process modeling when measuring the flow of fluids and gases using differential pressure flowmeters. The article shows the feasibility of obtaining the coefficient of contraction from the mathematical model of the reduced/contracted flow of fluids or gases. An analytical expression is obtained for the coefficient of contraction, which agrees well with the results of the experiment. Analysis of this expression is performed and dependencies on the geometrical parameters of the pipeline and orifice plate are obtained.     

电主轴径向加载机构横轴结构参数优化

以轴段半径、轴段长度、轴肩过渡圆半径作为参考因素,以危险点的最大应力作为评价指标,对一种接触式径向加载机构横轴的结构参数进行优化。应用有限元分析参数灵敏度,考虑设计经济性,采用控制变量法对轴段半径r和轴肩过渡圆半径R d进行定量分析。在满足轴的体积尽可能小的情况下使得危险点的应力得到了显著降低,最后对横轴进行了安全系数和可靠性校核。     

Specific features of operation of electrostatic microgenerators of energy

Specific features of operation of one- and two-capacitor microelectromechanical converters (MEMC) of energy of mechanical microscopic vibrations into electric energy with a modulated electrode-gap magnitude and with allowance for the mutual influence of electrical and elastic forces are analyzed, and the characteristics of these two devices are compared. The main factors restricting the increase in MEMC power are demonstrated to be the effects of “collapsing” and the condition of conservation of positive rigidity of the system. Expressions for estimating the limiting MEMC parameters are derived. The possibility of electrical energy generation in the presence of “real“ sources of wide-spectrum microscopic vibrations is considered.     

Analysis of models of friction in suspensions of vehicles

An analysis of the correctness of calculations during the modeling of oscillations of vehicles is carried out. A substantial difference between the calculation and experimental data in octave-frequency bands has been found and a low efficiency of suspensions of sprung seats has been emphasized. A comparative analysis of models of friction and dynamic characteristics used during the modeling of suspensions of vehicles is carried out. It has been shown that models of Coulomb and viscous friction do not ensure the required precision of the modeling process. A new model of friction in the form of totalities of models of elastic and viscous friction, as well as the implementation of this model using computer simulation, which ensures a calculation error of 5–15%, have been proposed.     

光的相干长度对两类光谱仪器分辨本领的影响

衍射光栅光谱仪和法布里-珀罗(F-P)干涉仪是两类非常典型和重要的光谱仪器。从波动光学的角度看,光栅衍射和F-P干涉都可看成是多波列的相干叠加。由于波列之间存在光程差,光的相干长度限制着同时参与相干叠加的最大波列数。针对现有理论将光栅衍射和F-P干涉同时参与相干叠加的最大波列数分别定为透光狭缝总数和无穷大的情况,分别引入有效透光狭缝数和有效透射光光束数来说明光的相干长度对衍射光栅光谱仪和F-P干涉仪这两类光谱仪器分辨本领的影响。     

双丝杠驱动机构同步分析

介绍了双丝杠驱动机构工作原理,论述了双丝杠运动产生不同步的原因以及如何判定与解决同步问题。     

密封齿对侧开槽对迷宫密封泄漏特性的影响

为了降低迷宫密封的泄漏量,提出一种在直通型迷宫密封的密封齿前端和后端设立凹槽的密封结构,基于CFD方法,建立迷宫密封数值仿真模型。通过与已有试验数据的对比,验证模型的正确性。探讨不同湍流模型的适用范围,并对比光滑表面、前置凹槽、后置凹槽3种结构在泄漏量、轴向压降及流场速度分布的差异性。结果表明:SST湍流模型更加适用于迷宫密封这种窄间隙的近壁面流动;前置凹槽结构降低泄漏量的效果较差,只有在高压力差下才能降低泄漏量;后置凹槽结构能改变迷宫密封腔内漩涡方向及状态,进而降低迷宫密封透气效应,加剧密封的能量耗散的同时降低泄漏量。因此,后置凹槽的迷宫密封结构具有较好的工程应用前景。