PZT压电式微传感器的结构优化

压电式微传感器的灵敏度除与悬臂梁的尺寸、加工工艺和压电材料本身有关外,还与悬臂梁的截面形状有关。讨论了PZT压电式压力微传感器的灵敏度与悬臂梁变截面长度和偏转角度的关系,给出在给定外力F和压电材料用量的前提下,建立含有约束的数学优化模型,并用遗传算法计算出最优变量值,使产生的感应电荷最大,从而提高微传感器的灵敏度。     

压电双晶片传感器灵敏度特性分析

文中用模态分析法详细分析了压电双晶片力、振动、粗糙度传感器的位移特性及灵敏度特性,并给出了灵敏度与压电材料参数及晶片几何尺寸的关系。     

基于磁场传感器的磁电层状复合材料逆磁电效应研究

运用等效电路法对LT型磁致伸缩/压电多层磁电复合材料的逆磁电系数进行了理论推导,得到了其逆磁电系数方程.该方程显示逆磁电系数取决于磁致伸缩层与压电层的性能参数和其体积比.以三层磁电复合材料为例进行计算,理论结果与实验结果吻合较好,且计算结果发现当压电层体积份数n为0.64时,逆磁电系数最大值为199mG/V.研究结果为磁电层状复合材料在电-机-磁耦合方面的应用提供了理论依据,有助于优化以层状磁电复合材料为核心的磁场传感器的结构.     

基于能量法的双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数分析

针对双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电两类能量通过压电效应耦合强弱的问题,将能量法应用到双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数的分析中。开展了双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数的理论分析,并建立了其与双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置尺寸参数和材料特性之间的关系,对双晶压电悬臂梁发电装置机电耦合系数与其尺寸参数和材料特性的关系模型进行了实验验证和数值模拟。研究结果表明,实验值与理论解有较好的一致性,且都在压电片厚度为0.25 mm时开路电压最大,验证了该理论模型的可靠性。此外,随着压电梁厚度比的不断增大,其机电耦合系数单调递增;同时,较大的弹性模量比有利于压电梁机电耦合系数的提高,且相对于钢弹性基片,铍青铜弹性基片更有利于压电梁机电耦合系数的提高。     

含周期性分布导电夹杂压电陶瓷的力电损伤分析

采用胞元法,分析含周期性分布球形/椭球形导电夹杂的压电陶瓷的力电损伤.首先,选取一个代表性材料胞元,通过三维有限元分析获得材料有效弹性、压电和介电系数,然后根据压电连续损伤力学模型中力电损伤变量与材料有效系数的关系,确定力电损伤大小,从而获得力电损伤与夹杂弹性模量、体积和形状参数等的定量关系.结果表明,夹杂体积对力电损伤的影响都很显著,而夹杂弹性模量和形状分别只对力损伤和电损伤有显著影响.     

压电双晶片参数及温度特性的动态测试方法

本文提出一种压电材料参数动态测试模型,用于测量压电双晶片的几个主要材料参数：压电应变常数ｄ３１、机电耦合系数ｋ３１、介电常数ε３３＾Ｔ、弹性柔顺系数ｓ１１＾Ｅ及材料参数的温度特性。本文的这种测量方法不同于通常的由标准试样测量压电材料参数的方法,是直接由一种实用元件－压电双晶片（非标准试样）测量压电材料的参数。文中详细描述了测试原理、测试步骤及一种实际试样的测试结果。理论与实验结果表明：这种新的测试     

压电微悬臂梁传感器性能的数值模拟研究

基于力-电双向耦合理论,采用有限元方法,数值模拟研究压电微悬臂梁的灵敏度,并进行参数分析,为设计性能优良的悬臂梁提供理论依据。理论分析微悬臂梁在空气和液体中的共振频率和自身结构参数的定量关系,灵敏度与共振频率变化量、被测物质量的关系,通过数值模拟得到悬臂梁长度、宽度、厚度及共振阶数对微质量检测压电悬臂梁灵敏度的影响。在长期研究OPCM压电传感材料的基础上,进一步提出纵向振动的OPCM材料制作悬臂梁,数值模拟结果表明OPCM比PZT悬臂梁具有更高的灵敏度。数值模拟结果为设计性能优良的悬臂梁提供理论依据。     

压电双晶片的能量传输特性分析

基于压电双晶片的准静态本构方程,详细地分析了准静态情况下悬臂梁式双晶片执行器在常见的三种不同载荷(力、力矩、压力)情况下的机电转换特性,即有效机电耦合系数、最大能量传输系统、最大输出机械能量时效率.分析结果表明:这些特性主要由压电双晶片材料的横向机电耦合系数k31决定;三种载荷中,以力矩形式输出机械能时压电双晶片执行器的效率最高,以力的形式输出时稍低,以压力形式(如用于推动气体或液体)输出时效率最低.这些结论对于设计压电双晶片执行器的结构具有指导意义.     

改进的特征值灵敏度在结构损伤识别中的应用

传统的特征值灵敏度分析中忽略了振型变化的影响,导致特征值灵敏度难以准确地识别出结构损伤。为提高特征值灵敏度的准确性,利用未损伤结构的振型线性表示损伤情况下结构振型的变化,进而改进了特征值灵敏度的理论分析方法。在不同的损伤工况下,计算数值模型改进前后的特征值灵敏度,验证表明改进后的特征值灵敏度具有更高的精度。以孔洞直径和位置均未知的实际结构为研究对象,利用改进后灵敏度方法准确识别了结构损伤的位置和程度,与结构的孔洞直径和位置实测值相吻合,表明了改进后灵敏度方法具有准确实用性,从而弥补了传统特征值灵敏度法在结构损伤识别中的缺陷。     

ZnO压电薄膜微悬臂梁的结构设计及研究

当压力作用在ZnO压电薄膜微悬臂梁上时,产生电荷量的大小将直接决定压电传感器灵敏度的高低.根据等效截面法,推导了复合微悬臂梁所受的作用力与其产生电荷量的关系方程,为传感器标定和力的测量提供理论依据,并依据此转换方程,对压电微悬臂梁的结构尺寸进行比较分析,以提高传感器的灵敏度和分辨率.此研究为压电微悬臂梁压力传感器的结构优化设计提供了一定的参考.     

Active control of composite plates using piezoelectric stiffeners

The governing equations for geometrically nonlinear, arbitrarily laminated rectangular plates reinforced by stiffeners which include piezoelectric and composite layers are presented. General equations obtained in the paper are reduced to a single equation of motion for piezoelectrically reinforced, geometrically linear, specially orthotropic plates. A criterion for an effective control of forced vibrations of such plates using piezoelectric stiffeners and a static electric field is illustrated. Active control of dynamic stability using a dynamic electric field with a frequency equal to that of the in-plane load is also considered.In addition, an approach to the analysis of piezoelectrically stiffened nonlinear plates whose motion is represented by single-term functions of the coordinates is discussed.Numerous active control problems can be addressed using the theory outlined in the paper.     

Nonlinear free and forced vibration of simply supported shear deformable laminated plates with piezoelectric actuators

This paper deals with the nonlinear vibration and dynamic response of simply supported shear deformable cross-ply laminated plates with piezoelectric actuators subjected to mechanical, electrical and thermal loads. The material properties are assumed to be independent of the temperature and electric field. Theoretical formulations are based on the higher order shear deformation plate theory and general von Kármán-type equation, which includes thermo-piezoelectric effects. Due to the bending and stretching coupling effects, a nonlinear static problem is first solved to determine the pre-vibration deformation caused by temperature field and control voltage. By adding an incremental dynamic state to the pre-vibration state, the equations of motion are solved by an improved perturbation technique to determine nonlinear frequencies and dynamic responses of hybrid laminated plates. The numerical illustrations concern nonlinear vibration characteristics of unsymmetric cross-ply laminated plates. The results presented show the effects of temperature rise, applied voltage and stacking sequence on the nonlinear vibration and dynamic response of the plates.     

Modal characteristics of symmetrically laminated composite plates flexibly restrained at different locations

A method for determining modal characteristics (natural frequencies and mode shapes) of symmetrically laminated composite plates restrained by elastic supports at different locations in the interior and on the edges of the plates is presented. The classical lamination theory together with an appropriate set of characteristic functions are used in the Rayleigh-Ritz method to formulate the eigenvalue problem for determining the modal characteristics of the flexibly supported laminated composite plates. Sweep-sine vibration testing of several laminated composite plates flexibly restrained at different locations on the plates is performed to measure their natural frequencies. The close agreement between the experimental and theoretical natural frequencies of the plates has verified the accuracy of the proposed method. The effects of elastic restraint locations on the modal characteristics of flexibly supported laminated composite plates with different lamination arrangements and aspect ratios are studied using the present method. The usefulness of the results obtained for predicting sound radiation behavior of flexibly supported laminated composite plates is discussed.     

Differential quadrature solution for the free vibration analysis of laminated conical shells with variable stiffness

The free vibration analysis of laminated conical shells with variable stiffness is presented using the method of differential quadrature (DQ). The stiffness coefficients are assumed to be functions of the circumferential coordinate that may be more close to the realistic applications. The first-order shear deformation shell theory is used to account for the effects of transverse shear deformations. In the DQ method, the governing equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are replaced by a system of simultaneously algebraic equations in terms of the function values of all the sampling points in the whole domain. These equations constitute a well-posed eigenvalue problem where the total number of equations is identical to that of unknowns and they can be solved readily. By vanishing the semivertex angle (α) of the conical shell, we can reduce the formulation of laminated conical shells to that of laminated cylindrical shells of which stiffness coefficients are the constants. Besides, the present formulation is also applicable to the analysis of annular plates by letting α=π/2. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the present DQ method for the analysis of various structures (annular plates, cylindrical shells and conical shells). The discrepancies between the analyses of laminated conical shells considering the constant stiffness and the variable stiffness are mainly concerned.     

Thermally induced vibration control of cylindrical shell using piezoelectric sensor and actuator

Shell type components and structures are very common in many mechanical and structural systems. Modeling and analysis of adaptive piezothermoelastic shell laminates represent a high level of sophistication and complexity. In this paper a finite element model is developed for the active control of thermally induced vibration of laminated composite shells with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The present model takes into account the mass, stiffness and thermal expansion of the piezoelectric patches. A C_o continuous nine-node degenerated shell element is implemented to model the structure. The piezoelectric sensing layer senses the structural vibration and a suitable voltage applied in the piezoelectric actuator layer suppresses the oscillation. Actuator and sensor are coupled together with a control algorithm so as to actively control the dynamic response of the structure in a close loop. Numerical results are generated for a cylindrical shell and it is observed that thermally induced vibration of a laminated cylindrical shell can be suppressed through the application of piezoelectric sensor and actuator. Effects of variation in control gain and piezoelectric layer area coverage (PAC) have been studied. Higher control gain is more effective in damping out the vibration. Although the damping is enhanced by increase in PAC, increase beyond a certain level may not be useful in view of smaller efficacy and increased weight.     

Distribution of Elastic Displacements and Mechanical Stresses in a Laminated Transducer with Amplitude-Phase Excitation

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - The paper considers how elastic displacements and mechanical stresses are distributed along a laminated transducer consisting of two piezoelectric plates...     

层叠板瞬态随机温度场的分析

以各层材料不相同的层叠板为研究对象,在热传导和对流边界条件下,利用伽辽金法推导瞬态温度场的有限元微分方程,研究当所有结构参数均具有随机性时,通过方程解耦、特征对随机性分析以及二阶矩方法,对瞬态随机温度场的数字特征进行求解.以三层板结构为算例,并将所得结果与Monte Carlo数值模拟法的结果进行比较,证明文中方法的功效性.     

Three-dimensional vibration of laminated composite plates and cylindrical panels with arbitrarily located lateral surfaces point supports

On the basis of fully three-dimensional elasticity considerations, this paper presents a free vibration analysis of simply supported, cross-ply laminated plates and cylindrical panels that are subjected to an arbitrary number of lateral surfaces point supports. The analysis is based on a recursive approach suitable for the vibration analysis of corresponding unconstrained structural elements. By means of dynamic equilibrium considerations, the reaction of the point supports is imposed by using the Lagrange multipliers method. This yields the eigendeterminant of a constrained panel by appropriately coupling the response of a suitably large number of natural vibration modes of the corresponding unconstrained structural element.     

Dynamic analysis of laminated composite plates with piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches using the FSDT mesh-free method

This paper investigates the active control of laminated composite plates with piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches using an efficient mesh-free method, i.e. the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method. The formulation of the problem is based on the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) and the principle of virtual displacements. A simple control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effect is used to control the dynamic response of the laminate plate with distributed sensor/actuator patches through a closed control loop. Several example problems are studied to show the influence of stacking sequence and position of sensor/actuator patches on the dynamic responses of the laminate plate. These simulations provide us with the best location of the sensor/actuator patches for active control of the laminate plate.     

复合材料层合板阻尼特性有限元数值模拟

应用耗散能原理建立了复合材料层合板的阻尼预测分析模型,对复合材料层合板进行三维有限元模态分析,求出各个模态下的应力、应变分量。根据模态分析结果,从单向复合材料的阻尼性能参数出发,利用层合板应变能、耗散能和结构模态阻尼的关系求出各个模态对应的模态阻尼损耗因子。利用该方法,分别计算了单向层合板和对称层合板的结构模态阻尼损耗因子。数值计算结果与已有的理论分析和试验结果相比吻合较好,从而验证了该方法的合理性,该方法还可以比较三维应力分量对阻尼的贡献。