汽车制动蹄翼板回弹控制与模具结构研究

分析了汽车制动蹄翼板产生回弹的原因,阐述了减少弯曲回弹和焊接变形回弹的对策办法,并通过计算设计出合理的弯曲模结构,经实际应用检验可行,为类似的弯形零件生产提供设计参考。     

拼焊板V形自由弯曲回弹控制影响因素分析

在平截面和平面弯曲等假设条件下,建立了可适用于纵向拼焊板V形小曲率自由弯曲回弹的解析预测模型。在自由弯曲卸载阶段,该模型引入了两母板间相互作用的弯矩,基于单一母板求解了拼焊板回弹后的弯曲角。利用解析模型分析了不同工艺参数对拼焊板V形自由弯曲力和回弹后弯曲角度的影响规律,确定了影响拼焊板V形自由弯曲力和卸载后回弹角的主要影响因素。     

差厚激光拼焊板的拉延切边回弹特性

采用数值模拟和试验的方法,对厚度组合为1.2 mm/0.8 mm的激光拼焊板进行拉延切边工艺分析,重点就压边力大小、摩擦因数、凹模圆角等参数对回弹的影响进行研究,测量各工艺参数下拼焊板拉延切边的凸凹模圆角处的回弹角、总的回弹角和侧壁曲率,还测量出拼焊板成形中的焊缝移动和应力分布情况和分析相互联系,并与拼焊板拉延弯曲回弹进行比较。分析认为,与拉延弯曲回弹相似,压边力、摩擦因数、凹模圆角等工艺参数对拼焊板拉延切边回弹有着明显的影响,而压边力是关键因素;拼焊板拉延切边回弹和拉弯回弹都与焊缝移动有密切的关系,控制焊缝移动将有利于回弹的降低;相比之下,拼焊板拉延切边回弹比拉弯回弹要小。     

拼焊板弯曲回弹的理论与试验研究

在平断面假设、纯弯曲假设、拼焊板不考虑焊缝等一系列较为合理的假设条件下,推导了拼焊板弯曲回弹解析模型。推导考虑材料有指数硬化特性和中性层的移动及应力应变中性层的不重合性等问题,但没有考虑包辛格效应的影响和中性层的转动问题。针对这个弯曲回弹公式,编程计算差厚(1.6 mm/0.8 mm)拼焊板的回弹值,并采用75°V形自由弯曲试验进行了验证;对拼焊板的弯曲回弹进行了理论分析,提出了拼焊板相对弯曲半径的概念。     

大圆弧弯曲件成型工艺设计方法

回弹是影响弯曲件成型尺寸的重要问题.阐述了控制弯曲件回弹的一般方法,提出了用反向回弹补偿的办法控制大圆弧弯曲件尺寸.通过模具设计解决了围板件成型回弹的技术难题,证明了这一新方法行之有效.     

平面变形回弹迭代补偿的收敛准则及应用

针对板材平面变形过程中的回弹问题,基于迭代法建立了迭代补偿机制,给出了迭代参量收敛性的判定准则。对于简单应力状态下平板单向拉伸和双向拉伸的弹塑性变形过程,证明了参量轴向长度对迭代补偿机制具有收敛性。对于宽板V形自由弯曲工艺,通过理论和实验验证了弯曲曲率和弯曲角的收敛性。进而,将迭代补偿机制应用于宽板自由弯曲工艺的回弹控制,对曲率和弯曲角分别进行了迭代补偿实验,结果表明,根据每次试验的回弹量,迭代补偿机制可以预测下一次补偿值,使弯曲工艺经过2～3次迭代,就获得了误差小于0.1%的目标曲率和误差小于0.5%的目标弯曲角,收敛速度很快。而且,对于同一材料的同一成形工艺,每次的补偿量只取决于回弹前后的迭代参量差值。     

印制板电连接器插孔弯曲回弹研究

电连接器插孔是电气连接和信号传递的重要基本元件,插孔的弯曲回弹和精度是影响连接质量的主要因素,同时也是插孔弯曲工艺制定和模具设计的关键问题。根据回弹理论,对插孔在弯曲条件下的应力应变进行分析,将插孔横截面上弯曲变形区划分为弹性区和塑性区,分别获得了各区域弯曲力矩作用下的回弹角,推导出回弹量的近似计算公式。最后对插孔弯曲回弹进行了数值分析,指出与实际回弹角度存在误差的原因。     

大圆弧弯曲件成型工艺设计方法

回弹是影响弯曲件成型尺寸的重要问题，阐述了控制弯曲件回弹的一般方法，提出了用反向回弹补偿的办法控制大圆弧弯曲件尺寸。通过模具设计解决了围板件成型回弹的技术难题，证明了这一新方法行之有效。     

宽板U形件弯曲模的结构改进

在弯曲成形工艺中，最难解决的工艺问题是弯曲件的回弹，它是引起弯曲件质量问题的主要原因。回弹是弯曲工艺中的一种自然缺陷，回弹值的大小，将直接影响零件的质量和尺寸精度或使其成为废品。到目前为止，既没有科学的理论计算方法精确地确定其回弹值，也没有设计十分完美的模具结构完全克服回弹。     

纵向拼焊板V形自由弯曲及回弹模拟研究

运用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA和ETA-DYNAFORM对纵向拼焊板的V形自由弯曲及其回弹过程进行了模拟分析.重点就纵向拼焊板V形自由弯曲的成形特点和影响回弹的主要因素进行了研究,通过分析可知,对纵向拼焊板V形件自由弯曲回弹影响较大的参数为拼焊板的凹模跨度、材料性能和厚度比,而模具的圆角半径、摩擦系数的影响较小.     

Finite element analysis of sided coined-bead technique in precision V-bending process

To fabricate the precision V-bent parts, the bending angle, inner bending radius, and outer bending radius are strictly required. These requirements result in a processing difficulty especially for the difficult-to-bend material, such as high-strength steel. In the present study, the finite element method (FEM) and laboratory experiments were used to investigate the precision V-bending process. An innovation of sided coined-bead technique was proposed for preventing the spring-back and spring-go. The conventional coined-bead technique was also investigated. Based on the stress distribution analysis, the results revealed that the mechanism of the precision V-bending process, conventional coined-bead technique, and sided coined-bead technique were clearly identified. In the precision V-bending process, the conventional coined-bead technique could only prevent the spring-back. In contrast, the sided coined-bead could prevent both the spring-back and the spring-go by setting a suitable geometry and position. The FEM simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental results with reference to the bending forces and bending angles.     

基于一步逆成形法弯曲成形回弹的快速模拟

首先阐述了弯曲成形回弹模拟的方法及其一步逆成形法的基本原理.通过采用一步逆成形法来获得弯曲成形后的应力分布,然后利用LS-DYNA隐式求解器对卸载回弹过程进行了模拟.最后将该方法分别应用到无约束圆柱弯曲成形和卡车纵梁弯曲成形的回弹模拟中,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,比较的结果表明,该方法可以有效地预示出弯曲成形的回弹量.     

大型密封法兰弯曲成形工艺研究

提出了一种大型密封法兰成形新工艺，包括分段弯曲、现场组焊、现场精加工。新工艺免去了大型立车的粗加工，取而代之的是分段弯曲成形工艺，最后在施工现场进行组焊并采用多功能机床进行精加工。通过小型模拟件的实验与数值模拟研究，分析了L形非对称截面法兰弯曲成形过程中工件的变形规律，以及弯曲成形后工件的截面形状变化和侧弯情况，并采用L形非对称截面法兰成对弯曲的方法，使其截面形式成为对称结构，从而有效地解决了非对称截面法兰单件弯曲存在的侧弯缺陷。采用新工艺制造了某风洞工程上直径为8．5m的大型密封法兰，实践表明，采用新工艺成形大型法兰是完全可行的，其加工制造精度完全满足设计要求。由于新工艺不需立车，为特大直径法兰的制造开辟了新途径。     

法兰盘弯卷机构的改进与设计

法兰是一种常用的联接件,弯卷法是法兰最经济的加工方法。本文讨论了一种法兰弯卷机构,并对其进行改进与设计,实现了法兰加工时的连续进料,边弯卷边顶出边剪切,大大提高了法兰的生产效率。     

Optimization of spring-back in creep age forming process of 7075 Al-Alclad alloy using D-optimal design of experiment method

This paper attempts to model and predict the spring-back for creep age forming of a 7075 Al-Alclad alloy using statistical analyses based on a design of experiments method. Time and temperature were chosen as effective variables for determining spring-back in the creep age-forming process. The D-optimal design of experiments method facilitated statistical analyses and the extraction of a mathematical model for determining spring-back in the experimental variables domain. The spring-back of the specimens was calculated using a numerical procedure based on the pure bending theory. Analysis of the variances for spring-back showed that temperature was the most effective variable in the creep-age forming process. Additionally, a mathematical model and the response surface of the spring-back showed that to decrease spring-back, the significant variables should be in the upper level. The spring-back in the creep age-forming process was optimized for a 7075 Al-Alclad alloy in the optimum mechanical properties region.     

带接管组合法兰的强度和密封有限元分析

螺栓法兰连接是石化设备和管道中应用最广泛的密封形式,对其完整性和紧密性分析仍是工程中亟待解决的问题。综合考虑垫片的非线性压缩回弹本构关系、螺栓预紧和法兰垫片接触作用,将带接管的组合法兰、垫片、螺栓作为一个系统进行三维非线性有限元模拟。基于强度和密封要求,借助Waters公式和有限元试算,选定合适的螺栓预紧载荷。计算获得组合法兰在预紧、操作、设计和水压试验4种工况下的应力与变形分布规律。依据JB 4732对法兰应力进行分类强度评定,依据ASMEⅧ-1从垫片应力和法兰转角两个方面进行密封评定。可为实际应用提供参考。     

工艺参数对薄壁数控弯管成形质量影响的实验研究

实验研究了工艺参数对薄壁管数控弯曲成形中起皱、拉裂、回弹和截面畸变等的影响规律。推导及验证了合理芯棒伸出量的计算公式,分析了芯棒伸出量影响管件起皱和拉裂的主要原因;同时研究了弯曲中心角对回弹角和截面畸变的影响,得到了弯曲中心角与回弹角呈线性关系的结论。研究工作对于数值模拟和实际生产具有借鉴意义和参考价值。     

Cross-sectional deformations of rectangular hollow sections in bending: Part II — analytical models

In this part, analytical models to predict the deflection of cross-sectional members such as flanges and webs are developed. The models are based on the deformation theory of plasticity along with the energy method, using appropriate shape functions capable of including the restraining effect of adjacent members. The present method provides explicit solutions of cross-sectional deformations prior to buckling, onset of buckling, as well as post-buckling deformations at different stages of bending. The predictions show that the suck-in of the tensile flange is closely related to geometry parameters, particularly the flange width. Plastic anisotropy appears to be the most significant material parameter. The width-to-thickness ratio tends to be the governing parameter with respect to buckling of the inner (compressive) flange. Also, the strain hardening of the material has a major effect on onset of buckling as well as post buckling deformations. Upon continued bending after buckling, the wavy deformation of the inner flange develops more rapidly than the more uniform deformation of the outer (tensile) flange. For relatively compact sections, however, the deformation mode of the compressive flange resembles that of the tensile flange without any typical buckling waves. There are also obvious interactions between deformations of different members. Comparing the theoretical predictions with the experimental results presented in Part I, a reasonably good agreement was found.     

Cross-sectional deformations of rectangular hollow sections in bending: Part I — experiments

This investigation deals with deformations of individual cross-sectional members as flanges and webs in bending of rectangular hollow sections. Part I describes the experimental work, while analytical models developed to predict pre- and post-buckling deformations are presented in a paper to follow (Part II). The experimental program involved rectangular single- and double-chamber aluminium alloy AA6060 extrusions with three different wall thicknesses. The profiles were given two distinct heat treatments to obtain different hardening characteristics. Multiaxial tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the materials. The profiles were then bent into a number of different bend radii. Measurements of strains, curvatures, deflections and bending forces were taken. The results show that cross-sectional distortions take place from the very beginning of bending; at first in the form of a uniform sagging-like deformation along the entire length of both sides of the bend until the inner (compressive) flange buckles into several half-waves, superimposing the pre-deformation modes. The instant at which buckling occurs is found to be mainly associated with the width-to-thickness ratio of the flange and the strain hardening characteristic of the material. The magnitude of pre- and post-deformations, however, appears to be more directly related to the actual width of the flange than to its slenderness. The material stress–strain curve is shown to have an increasingly effect on the distortions of members directly sustained to buckling as bending proceeds beyond the onset of buckling, leading to severely concentrated deformations for sections made of low hardening materials. The material has less impact on sagging of the outer (tensile) flange.     

加载路径对弯曲件回弹影响的机理

通过对弯曲件加栽和卸载路径及横截面切向应力分布图进行分析,通过作图法定性地分析了弯曲回弹产生和控制的机理。论述了加载和卸载路径对弯曲回弹的影响机理。详细分析了拉弯中预拉力法和补拉力法申加载和卸载的路径及对弯曲件回弹的影响,指出了它们对控制回弹作用的不同,预拉力主要用于防止弯曲起皱,补拉力的作用是减小弯曲件的回弹。对工艺人员采用不同的方法控制回弹具有指导意义。