轧制过程轧辊磨损数学模型试验研究

利用自行开发研制的DTW-166热磨损试验机,研究了高铬铸铁、高速钢轧辊的磨损量与工艺参数的关系。分析了现场轧制过程中正在使用的轧辊磨损模型,对该数学模型在结构上进行了改进,利用各种条件下的大量试验数据,回归得到热轧带钢轧辊磨损的数学模型。该数学模型的建立为提高设定计算中的板形控制功能提供了理论基础。     

高钒高速钢、高铬铸铁复合轧辊界面对比

采用电磁半连续复合铸造法制成芯轴为45钢的高钒高速钢和高铬铸铁两种复合轧辊,对复合界面的组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明:电磁复合铸造高钒高速钢和高铬铸铁复合轧辊界面两侧都发生了明显的成分扩散,界面(扩散层)显微组织处于过渡状态,宽度基本相同,约为50μm;界面显微硬度均介于耐磨层和芯轴之间,过渡平缓;与高铬铸铁相比,高钒高速钢复合轧辊界面硬度略低,抗剪强度和冲击韧度略高,但两者差别不大,均能满足使用要求。     

导热油加热热辊压机轧辊加温过程、温度-应力耦合分析及试验研究

目前国内对通导热油加热的热辊压机研究较少,为分析热辊压机轧辊轧制面温度分布、加温过程和轧辊整体应力,根据在役热辊压机轧辊结构和工艺参数,建立导热油—轧辊三维流固耦合模型,导入一定温度和流量的导热油,使轧制面的平均温度达到指定温度,模拟轧制面的温度变化过程,对轧辊进行了热力分析,并进行了试验研究,研究结果表明:本模型建立正确;向轧辊内导入油温为130℃,流量为9.2m3/h的导热油,使轧制面的平均温度从54℃达到(120±1)℃需5000s;轧辊内部热应力在许用应力范围之内。可指导现场加热工艺,为进一步改进轧辊结构和调整加热工艺提供理论依据。     

高钒高速钢冷轧辊磨损性能与机制研究

研究了含碳量为1.58%~2.92%,含钒为10%左右的高钒高速钢冷轧辊的组织与力学性能,并与高铬铸铁(Cr20)进行了耐磨性对比研究。结果表明:在该试验条件下,含碳量为2.58%的高钒高速钢耐磨性最佳,其耐磨性为高铬铸铁的5倍。高钒高速钢冷轧辊试样磨损机制均表现为高接触应力下的疲劳剥落。     

管道钢热轧过程中温度场计算模型的建立

采用有限元法建立板带热轧过程温度场计算模型。采用现场生产的工艺参数,对管线钢热轧过程中的温度变化规律和温度场分布进行了模拟计算,与生产实测值相比具有较高的精度,为预测管线钢在热轧过程中的微观组织演变打下了坚实的基础。     

管道钢热轨过程中温度场计算模型的建立

采用有限元法建立板带热轧过程温度场计算模型。采用现场生产的工艺参数,对管线钢热轧过程中的温度变化规律和温度场分布进行了模拟计算,与生产实测值相比具有较高的精度,为预测管线钢在热轧过程中的微观组织演变打了坚实的基础。     

热轧铝板带分段冷却闭环控制策略

针对目前热轧铝板带凸度控制存在的问题,建立以轧辊温度在线测量为基础的分段冷却闭环模糊控制系统。以简单的测量设备和控制方法,代替昂贵复杂的板带凸度控制机构。用实际轧制数据训练自适应PSO-BP神经网络,并用训练完成的神经网络依据目标板带凸度得出轧辊温度预设定模型;依据操作人员的经验以及理论分析结果,设计分段冷却模糊控制规则,形成分段冷却闭环控制系统,达到控制板带凸度的目的。经在某厂二辊可逆热轧上的应用,结果表明:轧辊温度偏差量可控制在±4℃内;铝板带纵向各处的凸度95%以上可控制在目标凸度(20~40μm)范围内。该方法充分发挥了分段冷却系统对板带凸度的控制能力。     

热连轧工况对工作辊温度场的影响

在热轧带钢生产中,工作辊温度是影响带钢板形和凸度的重要因素。利用有限元软件ANSYS建立了工作辊的二维非稳态温度场计算模型,对精轧工作辊的温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了不同因素等对工作辊辊温变化规律的影响。研究发现:下工作辊的冷却效果要好于上工作辊的冷却效果;出口侧水量越大,工作辊表面处于高温状态的时间就越短,表面温度下降的越快,有利于抑制工作辊氧化,减少带钢表面氧化铁皮缺陷;带钢温度越高,工作辊在轧制过程中的最高表面温度就越大。     

控轧控冷工艺参数对冶金锯片用65Mn热轧带钢组织与力学性能的影响

通过实验室热轧试验研究了控轧控冷工艺参数(开轧温度、终轧温度、卷取温度以及卷取后冷却速率)对冶金锯片用65Mn热轧带钢组织、硬度和抗拉强度的影响,并得到了最佳的控轧控冷工艺参数。结果表明:在较高的开轧温度和终轧温度、较高的卷取温度和较低的卷取后冷却速率下,65Mn钢的原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸和珠光体片层间距均较大,抗拉强度和硬度较低,其中卷取后冷却速率对组织和力学性能的影响最为显著;最佳的控轧控冷工艺参数为开轧温度(1 180±10)℃、终轧温度(910±10)℃、卷取温度(710±10)℃、卷取后平均冷速小于0.05℃·min-1。     

包覆对称组坯热轧制备高铬铸铁/低碳钢耐磨复合板

通过对碳钢板和高铬铸铁板进行六层对称包覆组坯,在1 200 ℃下分别采用30%和60%压下率多道次热轧制备了耐磨复合板。使用扫描电镜对试样的微观组织和界面结合情况进行了观察。试验结果表明：热轧后板形表现平直无翘曲现象;热轧过程中较软碳钢层的协调变形和应力释放作用使得高铬铸铁热变形裂纹敏感度降低,脆性高铬铸铁层实现了一定程度的热变形;两种材质界面结合质量良好,无可辨别的沿界面的夹层和空隙等缺陷;通过EDS能谱检测发现在高铬铸铁侧有无碳化物的过渡区,界面两侧的硬度值连续变化,证明两种材料实现了冶金结合。     

Mechanics of roll edge contact in cold rolling of thin strip

Simulation of cold rolling of thin strip due to roll edge contact with oil lubrication was performed successfully using a developed influence function method. Roll edge contact and related surface roughness was discussed in this paper. The calculated rolling force, intermediate force and work roll edge contact force increase significantly when the reduction increases. The strip profile becomes poor with a higher reduction, and the calculated rolling forces are consistent with the measured values. A modified edge shape of work roll determined from the roll edge contact length and roll edge flattening value is helpful to reduce the work roll edge wear and to extend the work roll life. Surface roughness and asperity of the rolled strip are characterized by surface profilometer and atomic force microscope. The research shows that the surface roughness reduces with a higher reduction or rolling speed. The effect of the strip width on surface roughness is not significant.     

Analysis of the roll hunting force due to hardness in a hot rolling process

A hot rolling operation is performed to alter the thickness of a metal by passing the material through a pair of rollers, forming a gap that is somewhat narrower than the thickness of the material. Therefore, the quality of the product is a function of the pressure applied by the rollers. However, in this process, a roll hunting force occurs in which the rolling force is irregularly changed during the rotation of the rollers due to various complex mechanisms, which include roll surface hardness, difference in rotational speed between rolls, heat treatment conditions, and roll wear. In this study, roll wear tests were conducted to analyze the roll hunting force caused by variation in the hardness of the work roll. The friction coefficient of the work roll was then examined based on hardness. Then, a two-dimensional finite element model was constructed to investigate the roll hunting force as a function of the change in friction coefficient of the work roll. This finite element model was verified in relation to the theoretical rolling expression. Finite element model analysis was performed for three friction coefficients, and the effect of the roll hunting force was determined based on the reduction ratio and temperature. In addition, the wear depth of the work roll by the hardness was predicted. The influence of the abrasion of the work roll on the hunting force was analyzed.

     

A thermal analysis of strip-rolling in mixed-film lubrication with O/W emulsions

Increase of both roll and strip surface temperatures can significantly affect a rolling process, roll conditions and strip mechanical properties. A comprehensive thermal analysis in cold rolling, especially in a mixed film regime, is needed to understand how thermal fields develop in roll and strip during rolling. It requires a simultaneous solution of the mixed film model for friction in the roll bite and the thermal model for roll and strip thermal fields. This paper presents a numerical procedure to analyse strip rolling process using lubrication with oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The thermal model includes the effect of heat generation due to the strip deformation and frictional shear stress at the asperity contacts. The numerical analysis employs a coupled thermal model and a mixed film lubrication model for calculating the friction and the asperity deformation in the bite. The thermal model considers the initial temperatures of the roll and strip, temperature rise due to the strip plastic deformation and friction. While the O/W mixed-film lubrication model takes into account the effect of surface roughness and oil concentration (%vol) of the emulsion. The thermal effect is analysed in terms of strip surface temperature and roll temperature, which are influenced by rolling parameters such as reduction, rolling speed, oil concentration in the emulsion. The results of the parametric study indicate that the effect of oil concentration on the thermal field is relatively small compared to that of reduction ratio and rolling speed. The reduction ratio increases the maximum interface temperature in the roll bite. In the mixed film regime, rolling speed also increases the maximum interface temperature and alters the temperature field of the strip. The numerical procedure was validated against known experimental data and can readily be extended to hot rolling or used to analyse roll strip temperature subjected to different cooling system.     

An innovative development of a four-high foil rolling mill

During foil or ultrathin strip rolling, elastic deflection variation of the work rolls at the contact surface with the strip causes non-uniform thickness distribution of the product in the width direction, which possibly causes a central wrinkling or an edge fracture on the product. This study developed a four-high prototype rolling mill, comprising two work rolls fabricated from an ultrastrength alloy. This prototype rolling mill was composed of a housing frame set, a roll set, a roll gap adjusting mechanism, and a power transmission system. The finite element analysis was used for determining the frame dimensions and work roll diameters. Several experimental rolling passes of stainless steel strips were conducted using this self-developed prototype rolling mill to achieve a 0.05-mm-thick foil product.     

Thermal reliability research on entire roller-embedded shapemeter roll

The reversible cold-strip flatness was detected by an entire roller-embedded shapemeter roll. During detection, the contact condition of the interference fit surface (between the top surface of the framework and the inner hole surface of the roll body) changes with increasing thermal deformation. This, in turn, affects the thermal reliability of the roll. Temperature field and thermal deformation models of the shapemeter roll were established based on heat transfer and thermal elasticity theory; the temperature difference, thermal displacement difference, and the interference fit value associated with the interference fit surfaces were derived from these models. A seven-pass cold reversible rolling process in a 1050 cold rolling mill was experimentally and theoretically analyzed. These analyses revealed that the temperature difference between the interference fit surfaces is largest (maximum value 20 °C) during the third rolling pass and normal functioning of the shapemeter roll is prevented. This occurred only in the third rolling pass. An optimal design model of the initial interference fit value was developed to ensure contact between the interference fit surfaces. The optimum results showed that an initial interference fit value of 0.06 mm yields a maximum temperature difference of only 5 °C in the third rolling pass. More importantly, the shapemeter roll functions normally and its thermal reliability is improved.     

Multi-factor coupling system characteristic of the dynamic roll gap in the high-speed rolling mill during the unsteady lubrication process

In the present work, a multi-factor coupling dynamic model of a rolling mill system for a dynamic roll gap during an unsteady lubrication process was developed on the basis of the rolling theory, lubrication and the friction theory, and the mechanical vibration theory. The multi-factor coupling model of interfacial film binding was coupled with the rolling force model, dynamic roll gap interface friction model and work roll movement model. The corresponding distributions of friction and pressure at varying surface roughness and times were systematically analyzed during the unsteady mixed lubrication process. The effects of the main processing parameters on the critical speed and amplitude for self-excited vertical vibration were investigated.     

An investigation of contact problem between strip and work roll with a smooth straight surface during cold rolling

Under the assumption of elastic roller, and the neglect of heat transfer problem, this paper explores the distribution of elastic deformation of the work roll with initially smooth straight surface in the rolling area during the rolling process, and analyzes the effect of this deformation distribution on the strip shape after rolling.

Based on the large deformation—large strain theory, the update Lagrangian formulation (ULF) and the incremental principle were used to develop 3D elastic-plastic analytical model of aluminum strip rolling. The flow stress was considered the function of strain and strain rate to infer the governing equation containing the effect of strain rate.

Besides, in this article, we propose an iteration procedure to calculate the contact force between strip and work roll, and the contact deformation of the work roll. In the treatment of the contact problem, the work roll was regarded as a rigid body at the beginning of each step. The incremental displacement and contact force of strip nodes were first calculated, and then entered into the first iteration loop. The contact forces of strip nodes were allocated to the work roll to calculate work-roll elastic deformation. The elastic deformation of work-roll nodes would be compensated to the incremental displacement of the strip nodes (the work-roll deformation increment was added on the incremental displacement of strip node). Then the new contact nodal forces were derived from the finite element program of strip. The above procedures were repeated to incorporate the new contact nodal forces into the first iteration loop to obtain the new strip node incremental displacement. An error range was also designated as the comparison standard to compare the displacement increments of the strip from two iterations to determine whether the iteration was completed.

This paper considers the initial shape of work roll is straight and smooth. The elastic deformation distribution on the work roll surface in the rolling area is analyzed to serve as the basis for work-roll radius compensation. Finally, deformation of strip shape is also discussed.     

冷轧激光焊接DP780高铝双相带钢表面印迹产生原因

DP780高铝(铝质量分数在0.55%~0.70%)双相钢经热轧、头尾激光焊接、酸洗、冷轧后,其带钢表面出现印迹,通过显微组织、化学成分和硬度分析研究了印迹产生原因。结果表明:在DP780双相钢焊接过程中,焊缝金属中的铝元素发生氧化形成氧化铝,氧化铝未能在酸洗中有效清除;在冷轧时硬质氧化铝造成工作辊损伤,从而在带钢表面形成印迹。提高焊接速度、酸液浓度和酸洗温度能完全消除带钢表面印迹。     

棒线材粗轧过程的模拟及辊径大小对轧制参数的影响分析

借助商业有限元软件MSC.M arc,建立了预测GCr15棒线材粗轧过程的三维弹塑性模型。分析了GCr15棒线材连轧过程中总等效塑性应变变化,等效塑性应变率分布及轧制各道次出口处的表面温度变化等结果。同时,模型被用来调查了辊径变化对粗轧过程轧制参数的影响。表面温度的预测结果与测量结果吻合较好,证明了该模型的有效性。     

基于扫描法的轧辊瞬态温度场准三维建模与仿真

为了准确预报和控制轧辊瞬态热行为,对轧辊瞬态温度场进行了分析和研究。针对轧辊的工作特点,采用基于扫描法的准三维建模方法,从局部二维温度场出发拓展出全局三维温度场。该方法可以准确全面刻画出轧辊温度场的分布,最大限度地对计算过程进行了简化,为轧辊温度场研究提供了合理方案。应用该方法对1450轧机工作辊温度场进行仿真,取得了很好的效果。