反复模压变形法细化H62黄铜的研究

采用反复模压变形法(CGP)对H62黄铜合金进行了组织细化试验,研究了合金成分、退火温度、压制道次对CGP过程的影响,以及变形道次对H62黄铜显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:该黄铜经470 ℃×1 h退火有利于CGP处理;随着CGP道次增加,晶粒逐渐细化,强度和硬度提高;经CGP八道次处理后,该黄铜的显微硬度从89 HV增加到180 HV,屈服强度由130 MPa上升到450 MPa.     

模压形变对纯铁和Q235钢组织与力学性能的影响

采用模压形变技术对工业纯铁和Q235钢进行不同道次的形变处理,研究了模压形变对它们显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:模压形变可以有效细化纯铁和Q235钢的晶粒尺寸,且Q235钢具有比纯铁更好的晶粒细化效果;模压形变后,纯铁和Q235钢的硬度和强度均得到显著提高,但伸长率下降,Q235钢的硬度和强度均高于纯铁的,伸长率低于纯铁的。     

剧烈塑性变形制备高强度高导电纯铜的研究

研究了纯铜多道次反复镦压剧烈塑性变形后的组织、力学性能及导电性能。结果表明,通过反复镦压能在保持试样原始形状和尺寸的情况下在材料内部累积很大的应变,实现材料组织的超细化,退火纯铜经B路线15道次反复镦压变形后,晶粒细化至亚微米级。随镦压次数的增加,纯铜的硬度和抗拉强度明显提高,抗拉强度达到459.1MPa,伸长率明显下降,但仍在20%以上。纯铜的导电率随镦压次数的增加而下降,但15道次镦压后仍然保持在91.7%IACS,说明反复镦压剧烈塑性变形工艺可以制备出具有高强度和良好导电性的块体纯铜材料。     

不同路径等通道侧向挤压对7003铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

在道次之间试样不旋转(A)和道次之间试样90°顺时针旋转(B)两种路径下对7003铝合金进行了4道次等通道侧向挤压(DECLE),研究了挤压变形后合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:7003铝合金经4道次DECLE处理后,晶粒均细化至纳米级;A路径下合金中形成了平行弯曲状剪切带,B路径下形成了交叉状剪切带,交叉状剪切带对位错的分割作用更好地细化了晶粒;两种路径下合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度均随着DECLE道次的增加而增大,B路径下的强度和硬度均高于A路径下的,但断后伸长率低于A路径下的。     

不同速率变形后WE54合金的显微组织及力学性能

对T4态和T6态WE54合金进行准静态压缩变形和空气锤锻(高速)变形试验,研究了变形前后的显微组织、硬度和压缩性能.结果表明:T4态和T6态WE54合金在准静态变形和高速变形后,部分变形晶粒内出现孪晶,并且在一些粗大孪晶内形成了二次孪晶,孪晶出现平行排列和交割特征;不同速率变形后T4态和T6态合金的变形晶粒尺寸未发生明显变化,但新生成的孪晶由于切割基体细化了组织,有助于维氏硬度和压缩性能的提高;与准静态变形相比,高速变形能够促进晶粒采用孪生机制协调变形,产生更多的孪晶界细化组织,提升变形后合金的硬度和屈服强度.     

模压变形5052铝合金的显微组织与室温拉伸性能

对5052铝合金板进行了多道次模压(GP)变形,研究了GP变形道次对其显微组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:该铝合金的平均晶粒尺寸随GP变形道次的增加而减小,4道次变形后平均晶粒尺寸由未变形的43.2μm细化到约1.1μm;抗拉强度随GP变形道次的增加而单调递增,伸长率则先快速下降后缓慢升高;4道次GP变形能使5052铝合金在提高抗拉强度的同时保持良好的塑性。     

ECAP与ARB纯铝的微观组织和力学性能的比较

采用ECAP和ARB2种剧烈塑性变形方法对L2纯铝进行加工，对比分析了材料的微观组织和力学性能变化。结果表明，ECAP和ARB都能细化晶粒、增加硬度、提高抗拉强度。但由于ECAP和ARB细化晶粒的机理不同，所以经过相同变形量后纯铝的晶粒细化程度不同，显微硬度和抗拉强度的增幅也不同。ECAP10道次后等轴晶均匀，晶粒大小约为1μm；ARB轧制7道次后超细晶增多，晶粒最小可以细化到500nm左右。     

挤压及热处理对6063铝合金组织及性能的影响

对6063铝合金采用了等通道转角挤压工艺及随后的热处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及拉伸实验分析了挤压及热处理对6063铝合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。研究表明:等通道转角挤压显著细化了铝合金的晶粒尺寸并改善了晶粒分布的均匀性。挤压道次越多,晶粒细化作用越明显且晶粒分布的均匀性也越好。经4道次挤压及时效处理后,铝合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小到1.3μm,材料的强度和硬度得到显著提高而延伸率仍保持较高。增强的强度及硬度归功于位错强化、晶界强化和析出的Mg2Si相。     

等通道转角挤压对镁锆阻尼合金组织和性能的影响

对铸态Mg-0.6%Zr合金进行了等通道转角挤压(ECAP)变形,采用光学显微镜观察了变形后合金的显微组织,并对不同温度、不同道次变形后的合金进行了显微硬度、抗拉强度及阻尼性能测定。结果表明:合金经过ECAP变形后,发生了动态再结晶,晶粒显著细化,但随挤压温度的升高发生晶粒长大;显微硬度随挤压道次的增加而增大,抗拉强度在300℃挤压6道次时达到最大值187.80 MPa;合金经400℃挤压1道次后的阻尼性能优于铸态合金的,其他条件下均低于铸态合金的。     

Al-4B中间合金对AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响

通过KBF4与熔融铝反应制备了Al-4B中间合金,研究了不同质量分数(0％～2.0％)Al-4B中间合金作为孕育剂对AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸和力学性能的影响.结果表明:Al-4B中间合金由AlB2和α-Al相组成;Al-4B中间合金的添加可以明显细化AZ31镁合金的晶粒,提高晶粒尺寸的均匀性,降低孔隙率,Al-4B中间合金质量分数为1.0％时,晶粒细化效果最明显;随着Al-4B中间合金含量增加,AZ31镁合金的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率均增大,屈服强度与晶粒尺寸符合Hall-Petch关系,AZ31镁合金力学性能的改善主要与AlB2相产生的细晶强化、弥散强化以及铸造组织孔隙率降低有关.     

3D finite element analysis and experimental validation of constrained groove pressing–cross route as an SPD process for sheet form metals

A new modification of constrained groove pressing (CGP) process named as constrained groove pressing–cross route (CGP-CR) was suggested for severe plastic deformation (SPD) of sheet form metals with great potential for fabricating high strength nanostructured sheets. This process is based on the conventional CGP process including some modifications. One pass of this process includes eight stages (four corrugation and four flattening) and involves 90° cross-rotation between each two stages. As a result of each CGP-CR pass, a strain magnitude of ～2.32 is imparted to the sample. To simulate the process, finite element modeling (FEM) was carried out using three-dimensional finite element analysis ABAQUS/Explicit simulation. Strain and hardness distribution through the sheet after CGP-CR process at different stages were examined via FEM. Low-carbon steel sheet was utilized as the testing material and CGP-CR process imparted upon it up to two passes. Afterward, equivalent plastic strain was measured ～4.64. Results show that the magnitude and uniformity of strain were different along three main directions of sheets: rolling (RD), transverse (TD), and normal directions (ND), at different stages of process. In addition, the results indicate that, for the CGP-CR’d sheets up to two passes, the magnitude and uniformity of hardness simulated via FEM were consistent with the experimental data.     

V型毛细微沟槽犁切-挤压成形试验研究

采用犁切—挤压一次成形加工工艺,在0.5mm厚的铜带表面加工出V形毛细微沟槽结构。对所加工的V型微沟槽进行电镜扫描,观察其特征,并用显微镜测量其几何参数。分析了不同加工参数和刀具结构参数对沟槽翅高和槽深度的影响。研究结果表明:在V型微沟槽成形过程中,受到加工参数和刀具结构参数的联合影响。     

Numerical Simulations of Groove Topography Effects on Film Thickness and Friction in EHL Regime

The effects of depth and top width of transverse rectangular grooves on film thickness and friction in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime were investigated through numerical simulations. Results were obtained in the form of pressure profiles and Stribeck curves for central and minimum film thickness and for friction coefficient. The results indicate that grooves with narrow top widths reduce the minimum film thickness and that this reduction is greater for deeper grooves. Lubricant shearing inside these grooves was further identified as a dominant factor contributing to friction. Near the groove edges, however, no evidence of micro-EHL effect was observed. Based on the results, a groove volume parameter was proposed to characterise the groove lubrication efficiency. We found that the parameter was linearly related to the average central film thickness and by increasing the groove wavelength the film could be made thicker than that of a smooth contact.     

新型螺旋槽干气密封流固耦合分析*

传统螺旋槽在背风口处有一处明显的低压区,影响螺旋槽的密封性能。为提高传统螺旋槽的密封性能,在传统螺旋槽的基础上提出一种新型螺旋槽结构。该槽型在传统螺旋槽的背风处一侧并列了一个槽根半径不同短槽,且两槽的槽深相等,形成一个槽根较长的新型螺旋槽结构。通过建立传统螺旋槽与新型螺旋槽的几何模型,利用ANSYS仿真软件对2种槽型进行数值模拟。结果表明,新型螺旋槽的开启力、泄漏量及刚度等干气密封性能均优于传统螺旋槽。对流固耦合下的密封环进行应力、变形分析,对比2种槽型密封环在相同操作参数下的流固耦合应力、变形等的差异。计算结果表明：随着转速与入口压力的增加,2种槽型的动、静环最大应力、变形量均呈现上升趋势,且动环的最大应力、变形量始终大于静环,新型螺旋槽的最大应力、变形量始终大于传统螺旋槽。     

Effect of formation of grooves in sapphire and filling them with indium under the action of laser radiation

A groove coated with a layer of indium that fills the groove during its formation is generated on the lower surface of sapphire in a single process under the action of laser pulses. The process is performed by using a pulsed gas laser with a wavelength of 0.337 µm. The laser beam is focused through sapphire onto a surface coated with indium. The sapphire motion velocity is uniform, and the sapphire displacement during the time between two pulses is 10% of the light spot diameter. The groove is formed by using the scanning mode (multiple passes of laser radiation through the groove). The pulse energy density in a single pass is sufficiently large. The process is carried out in air. It is found that the optimal option is two passes when the specific resistance of indium in the groove is only 3.8 times greater than the resistance of pure (99.999%) indium bars..     

材料厚度对H62黄铜模压形变等效应变分布的影响

采用二维有限元法(FEM)模拟H62黄铜模压形变(GP)一周期的过程,分析了材料厚度对模压形变等效应变分布的影响,并进行了模压形变试验验证。结果表明:随着材料厚度的增加,等效应变的最大值区域从材料表面转移到中心;材料厚度越大,等效应变累积的速率越快,其均匀性越差;模拟结果中等效应变的分布规律与试验材料显微硬度的分布规律相吻合。     

Densification behavior of tungsten-fiber-reinforced copper powder compacts under hot isostatic pressing

Densification behavior of tungsten-fiber-reinforced copper powder compacts under hot isostatic pressing was investigated. Hot isostatic pressing was carried out for a bundle of copper-coated tungsten fibers in copper powder. Due to tungsten-fibers and copper coating layers, the densification rate of a tungsten-fiber-reinforced copper powder compact was slower than that of pure copper powder. The constitutive equations by McMeeking and co-workers and by Abouaf and co-workers were implemented into a finite element program (ABAQUS) to analyze densification behavior of tungsten-fiber-reinforced copper powder compacts under hot isostatic pressing. Finite element calculations were compared with experimental results for the variation of relative density with time for copper powder compacts during hot isostatic pressing. Density distributions in copper powder compacts were also investigated by comparing experimental results with finite element calculations.     

Steady-State Performance of Oil Lubricated Helical Groove Journal Bearing

The provision of helical grooves on the surface of a plain journal bearing should, in principle, improve the overall performance of the bearing. This improvement, however, depends on a number of parameters such as the arrangement of the grooves along the axial length of the bearing. In order to verify this supposition, two types of helical groove bearing with different groove arrangements and a reference plain journal bearing were studied to assess their steady-state performance when lubricated with an oil. It was found that the steady-state performance of both types of helical groove bearing is not as good as that of the plain bearing. Of the two helical groove bearings tested, the asymmetrical bearing proved to be a more energy efficient than the symmetrical bearing.     

双槽阶梯槽干气密封性能研究

针对干气密封系统在高转速工况下密封性能差、泄漏量大的问题,提出一种双槽阶梯槽端面密封结构.采用CFD对比分析不同压力、转速下单螺旋槽、双槽阶梯槽、阶梯槽3种槽型的密封性能,探讨槽深、螺旋角对密封性能的影响,得出了双槽阶梯槽型优化的结构参数.结果表明:双槽阶梯槽在降低泄漏量和提高综合密封性能上要优于阶梯槽和单螺旋槽;在槽...     

基于正交试验法的孔槽耦合端面机械密封槽参数设计

为研究机械密封端面形貌对密封性能的影响,以具有孔槽造型端面的机械密封为对象,采用正交试验法研究螺旋角、槽深、槽径比、槽数4个参数对密封性能的影响,并应用Fluent软件对不同设计方案进行数值模拟.结果表明,研究相同数量的参数时,正交试验法比单参数法可节省80％以上的工作量,是一种十分高效的研究方法.通过模拟分析,得到以质量泄漏率、摩擦力为目标函数时的最优方案.极差分析结果表明,槽径比是对密封性能影响最大的参数.