硬质合金平头铣刀铣削力系数的试验研究

为分析硬质合金平头铣刀的铣削力系数与各工艺参数的关系,选取不同每齿进给量、轴向切深、径向切深等工艺参数组合进行正交试验。采用二次回归方程方法拟合出切向铣削力系数函数和径向铣削力系数函数,并验证了铣削力系数函数的可靠性。通过试验研究,确认轴向切深和每齿进给量对硬质合金平头铣刀铣削力系数影响较大。     

基于时域仿真法的断续铣削颤振预测

颤振是影响铣削加工表面质量和限制切削效率的重要原因,准确获取稳定性叶瓣图是避免颤振的有效途径.精加工铣削常使用小径向切深/刀具直径比,产生过小的实时切削厚度,刀具容易脱离工件,造成显著非线性因素;过小的径向切深/刀具直径比也导致铣削加工高度断续.因此,常用的圆弧切削厚度已不能近似实际切削厚度,进而影响断续铣削加工颤振预测.采用考虑实际切削厚度的时域仿真法预测断续铣削加工颤振稳定性.该方法使用刀具实际运动轨迹计算切削厚度,并综合考虑了铣削过程中刀具和工件的动力学特性对切削厚度的影响.提出基于相关系数的无量纲颤振判定准则,并用于铣削仿真结果加工状态的判定.通过钛合金Ti6Al4V铣削验证试验结果,所提出的时域仿真法能准确预测小径向切深/刀具直径比所致的断续铣削加工稳定性叶瓣图,为高断续铣削加工无颤振加工参数选择提供了一种有效方法.     

基于数值模型的数控加工中切削力与稳定域仿真

针对数控铣削加工工艺参数选择存在的问题,以球头铣刀高速铣削过程为研究对象,建立了考虑机床-刀具-工件系统振动的非线性动力学模型,分析了铣削力中的动态分量对切削颤振的影响,在考虑再生颤振的基础上建立非线性动力学模型.基于动态铣削力建模和颤振稳定域分析计算,提出了机床切削系统稳定性极限预测方法,并对其进行仿真分析,为铣削加...     

考虑变时滞效应的弱刚度球头铣刀铣削稳定性研究

弱刚度球头铣刀广泛应用于深腔模具零件的铣削中,加工过程中容易发生颤振,确定加工稳定域是实现稳定铣削的重要手段,但该铣削系统具有变时滞特点,稳定性分析的难度较大,制约着加工质量的提高。为此,提出一种弱刚度球头铣刀铣削稳定性分析方法。首先,建立弱刚度刀具系统的动力学方程;接着,基于Newton-Raphson求解出刀齿选定点的时滞量;最后,基于全离散法提出考虑变时滞再生效应的稳定性分析方法,并利用Floquet定理获得了不同转速所对应的临界切深,构建出铣削稳定性叶瓣图。实验结果表明在叶瓣图的非稳定域铣削时铣削力中含颤振频率成分,所加工表面的S_y和S_a比稳定域内加工表面增大35%和42%,说明该分析方法是可靠的,可为切削参数的选择和优化提供依据。     

圆角铣削颤振稳定域建模与仿真研究

为避免在圆角铣削加工中产生颤振,建立考虑再生作用的圆角铣削动力学模型,推导其平均方向力系数计算公式。鉴于圆角铣削时主轴转速通常远大于圆角处的进给角速度,两者的平均方向力系数近似相等。因此,经典直线铣削颤振稳定域解析模型适用于圆角铣削,前提是需要用最大径向啮合角代替名义径向啮合角进行仿真。根据铣刀与工件的啮合情况,将圆角铣削分为均匀切宽圆角铣削和非均匀圆角切宽铣削两类,并分别推导出其最大径向啮合角计算公式。在动力学建模基础上开发圆角铣削颤振稳定域仿真模块,仿真结果得到了切削试验的验证,为圆角铣削切削参数的选择提供了一条有效途径。     

变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

为了研究铣削过程中发生的颤振现象,以变齿距铣刀铣削作为一种颤振的控制策略,提出了一种预测变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性的算法。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,选择多组铣削参数组合进行铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性预测能力。     

基于变齿距铣刀的铣削稳定性试验

为研究铣削过程中的颤振现象,以变齿距铣刀铣削作为颤振的控制策略,进行铣削稳定性的试验。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,选择多组铣削参数组合进行铣削试验。通过对试验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。试验结果表明,该方法具有较好的变齿距铣刀铣削稳定性预测能力。     

变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性实验研究

颤振是制约铣削加工效率和零件加工质量的主要因素。变螺旋铣刀铣削作为一种有效的颤振控制策略,在研究铣削过程发生颤振等现象中受到广泛关注。在此基础上,提出了一种预测变螺距铣刀铣削稳定性预测模型。根据获得的稳定性叶瓣图,针对不同轴向铣削深度和主轴转速,选择了39组铣削参数组合,并进行了铣削实验。通过对实验过程中获取的铣削力信号进行FFT变换,考察了实际铣削与理论预测的吻合性。实验结果表明,该理论方法具有较好的变螺旋铣刀铣削稳定性的预测能力。     

可转位波形刃铣刀片的铣削力试验研究

研究了可转位波形刃铣刀片的铣削机理,在相同条件下分别采用波形刃铣刀片和直线刃铣刀片对45钢进行了铣削试验。试验发现:波形刃铣刀片的铣削力比直线刃铣刀片低10%-20%。随后,采用正交试验研究切削参数对波形刃铣刀片铣削力的影响规律,利用线性回归法得到铣削力经验公式,通过极差分析法得出各试验参数对铣削力的影响程度,即每齿进给量对波形刃铣刀片铣削力的影响最大,其次为轴向切深和径向切深,最后是铣削速度,得出铣削力最小时所对应的切削参数,为波形刃铣刀片的高效使用提供了依据。     

PCBN可转位面铣刀铣削灰铸铁HT200的试验研究

采用多因素正交试验方法进行PCBN可转位面铣刀铣削灰铸铁HT200的试验,通过最小二乘法和回归分析建立了铣削力经验公式模型.回归方程及回归系数的显著性检验表明所建立的模型可信度较高.试验结果表明3个方向的铣削力中,切向铣削力Fz最大,其次是轴向铣削力Fx和径向切削力Fy.通过对试验结果的分析,总结出了各铣削参数对于铣削力的影响变化规律,给出了切削参数的推荐取值范围.     

A novel chatter stability criterion for the modelling and simulation of the dynamic milling process in the time domain

The modelling of the dynamic processes in milling and the determination of chatter-free cutting conditions are becoming increasingly important in order to facilitate the effective planning of machining operations. In this study, a new chatter stability criterion is proposed, which can be used for a time domain milling process simulation and a model-based milling process control. A predictive time domain model is presented for the simulation and analysis of the dynamic cutting process and chatter in milling. The instantaneous undeformed chip thickness is modelled to include the dynamic modulations caused by the tool vibrations so that the dynamic regeneration effect is taken into account. The cutting force is determined by using a predictive machining theory. A numerical method is employed to solve the differential equations governing the dynamics of the milling system. The work proposes that the ratio of the predicted maximum dynamic cutting force to the predicted maximum static cutting force can be used as a criterion for the chatter stability. Comparisons between the simulation and experimental results are given to verify the new model.     

Milling force vibration analysis in high-speed-milling titanium alloy using variable pitch angle mill

Chatter may cause fast wear of tools and poor surface quality of the workpieces at high cutting speed and it will happen on different process parameters; how do we select the suitable cutting speed to suppress the chatter? In this paper, a signal analysis method for milling force and acceleration is adopted to identify chatter, which can obtain the results not only in frequency of chatter but also in the contribution for milling force at different frequencies. Through the milling experiment, the machining vibration behaviors of milling Ti–6Al–4V with variable pitch end mill were investigated. Milling force and acceleration signals obtained from experiment were analyzed and compared at stable and unstable milling processes. The experimental results show that when the chatter occurs, milling forces were found to increase dramatically by 61.9–66.8% compared with that of at stable cutting; machining surface quality became poor and machined surface roughness increases by 34.2–40.5% compared with that of at stable cutting.     

Chatter stability prediction in milling using time-varying uncertainties

The chatter stability in milling severely affects productivity and quality of machining. Tool wear causes both the cutting coefficient and the process damping coefficient, but also other parameters to change with cutting time. This variation greatly reduces the accuracy of chatter prediction using conventional methods. To solve this problem, we consider the cutting coefficients of the milling system to be both random and time-varying variables and we use the gamma process to predict cutting coefficients for different cutting times. In this paper, a time-varying reliability analysis is introduced to predict chatter stability and chatter reliability in milling. The relationship between stability and reliability is investigated for given depths and spindle speeds in the milling process. We also study the time-varying chatter stability and time-varying chatter reliability methods theoretically and with experiments. The results of this study show that the proposed method can be used to predict chatter with high accuracy for different cutting times.     

基于内置力执行器的铣削颤振的主动控制

高速加工中铣削颤振不仅降低工件的表面加工质量,严重时还会造成刀具或者其他加工部件的损坏,因此对电主轴铣削颤振进行控制具有重要的意义。为对电主轴铣削过程中的颤振进行有效控制,在双绕组无轴承感应电动机的基础上,提出一种具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴结构,建立电主轴—刀具系统的有限元模型、动态铣削模型、双绕组感应型电主轴电磁力模型,在对具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴电磁力进行解耦后,提出基于内置力执行器的电主轴铣削颤振的主动控制方案,通过仿真分析控制器的主要参数对电主轴铣削稳定性的影响。结果表明采用具有内置力执行器的感应型高速电主轴能够有效地提高电主轴铣削的稳定区域以及在抑制铣削颤振方面具有明显效果。     

基于开放式控制器的铣削颤振在线抑制

为实现在线抑制铣削颤振,对颤振领域常用的传感器监控技术,尤其是三向切削力和振动加速度传感器的各向分量在颤振监控过程中的时域和频域敏感信号特征进行试验研究。针对监控的颤振敏感信号频域特性,研究快速傅里叶变换技术对信号有效信息的在线提取技术。对自激颤振的机理进行分析,建立颤振频率与主轴转速间的关系模型,为实现变主轴转速抑制自激颤振提供理论基础。对集成在线参数采集、反馈控制的全软件型模块化铣削控制器进行设计,将在线抑制颤振的相关变主轴转速算法嵌入开放式控制器中,并设计控制参数数据流在控制器模块间的实现流程。对连续变切削深度铝合金工件进行在线颤振抑制加工试验,试验验证开放式智能铣削控制器在线抑制颤振相关技术的正确性。     

Hybrid model- and signal-based chatter detection in the milling process

Chatter causes machining instability and reduces productivity in the metal cutting process. It has negative effects on the surface finish, dimensional accuracy, tool life and machine life. Chatter identification is therefore necessary to control, prevent, or eliminate chatter and to determine the stable machining condition. Previous studies of chatter detection used either model-based or signal-based methods, and each of them has its drawback. Model-based methods use cutting dynamics to develop stability lobe diagram to predict the occurrence of chatter, but the off-line stability estimation couldn’t detect chatter in real time. Signal-based methods apply mostly Fourier analysis to the cutting or vibration signals to identify chatter, but they are heuristic methods and do not consider the cutting dynamics. In this study, the model-based and signal-based chatter detection methods were thoroughly investigated. As a result, a hybrid model- and signal-based chatter detection method was proposed. By analyzing the residual between the force measurement and the output of the cutting force model, milling chatter could be detected and identified efficiently during the milling process.

     

基于MATLAB的铣削加工颤振稳定域仿真算法及实现

针对国内数控铣削加工工艺参数选择存在的问题,基于动态铣削力建模和颤振稳定域分析计算,以MATLAB为开发工具,实现了铣削加工颤振稳定域仿真算法.通过模态锤击实验获得的频响函数,仿真出了整个加工系统的颤振稳定域图形,为进行铣削加工切削参数选择和优化提供了理论依据.验证实验证实了仿真算法的有效性和准确性,仿真方法在工厂得到了实际应用并取得了良好的应用效果.     

Development of chatter detection in milling processes

The aim of this research is to develop an in-process detection of the chatter for the actual milling processes regardless of any cutting condition within the small data processing time by utilizing the dynamic cutting forces obtained during cutting. The proposed method introduces three parameters, which are calculated and obtained by taking the ratio of the average variances of the dynamic cutting forces of three force components, to identify the chatter. The algorithm was developed and implemented on five-axis computer numerical control machining center to detect the chatter in ball-end milling and end milling processes. The chatter and the nonchatter can be simply detected during the in-process cutting by mapping the obtained values of three parameters in the reference feature spaces regarding the determined threshold values. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be effectively used to detect the chatter during cutting even though the cutting conditions are changed.