空气中微细电火花沉积的工艺规律研究

论述了一种新的电火花加工方法，它通过合理选择工艺条件在空气中将金属材料放电沉积在工件上。对电火花沉积加工的基本原理进行了分析，预测了实现条件，使用通用的电火花成形加工机床和常见的电极材料黄铜，在空气介质中，通过大量实验对微细电火花沉积进行了系统研究，得出各工艺参数的影响规律。在高速钢工件表面沉积出直径为0．19mm、高度为7.35mm的微小圆柱体。对沉积材料的测试表明，沉积材料致密，与基体结合紧密，成分取决于工具电极材料，同时基体硬度得到提高。     

空气中微细电火花沉积与去除可逆加工技术研究

论述了一种新的电火花加工方法。它使用通用的电火花成形加工机床,利用常见的电极材料,在空气介质中,通过脉冲放电在工件表面上沉积生长电极材料,再通过反转极性和适当的轨迹控制对所生成的沉积材料进行有选择的去除加工,进而实现材料的生长与去除可逆加工。通过对电火花加工理论的研究,预测和论证了实现这一新加工方法的可能性和实现条件。通过试验成功地将钢、铜和钨三种电极材料沉积到工件上,形成直径为 100~240 mm、高度为1 000~2 500 mm的微小圆柱体。并对沉积物进行了选择去除,实现了在同一设备上的可逆电火花加工。对沉积材料的致密性、硬度及其与工件的结合强度等进行了系统的分析,表明沉积物组织致密、坚硬,可以满足功能材料的要求。     

钛合金表面硅电极电火花强化及其耐磨性能

用硅电极分别在空气和硅油中对钛合金表面进行了电火花沉积强化改性。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、辉光放电光谱仪分析了改性层的形态、结构和成分分布,采用显微硬度计测试了改性层的硬度分布,通过电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗技术测试评价了改性层的耐蚀性,利用球-盘磨损试验机研究了改性层的耐空气环境磨损与耐NaCl水溶液腐蚀磨损性能。研究结果表明:硅电极在空气中电火花强化Ti6Al4V合金表面,形成约40μm厚合金化改性层,主要物相为Ti5Si3、TiSi2、Si和TiN,硬度达2180HK。硅电极在硅油介质中电火花强化Ti6Al4V合金表面,形成约40μm厚的合金化改性层,主要物相为Ti5Si3、TiSi2和TiC,硬度达1810HK。硅电极电火花强化改性层的组成和硬度沿层深均呈梯度变化。硅电极电火花强化改性层显著提高了钛合金基材的抗空气环境干磨损性能,显著提高了钛合金基材的耐NaCl水溶液腐蚀磨损性能。     

三种纯金属电极脉冲电火花放电熔涂强化试验

在空气和氩气气氛中用工业纯金属铬、钼和钨在45钢基体上进行脉冲电火花放电熔涂强化，对熔涂层的硬度、回火硬度和组织进行了分析，并与工业纯铁基的熔涂层比较。结果表明，熔涂层的硬度在HV600—1000，在表面或接近表面处达到最大，且45钢基熔涂层的硬度高于工业纯铁基的。回火析出的硬质相使熔涂层具有较好的热硬性。对脉冲电火花放电熔涂强化机理进行了分析。     

弱电解质溶液EDM/ECM复合加工机理研究

弱电解质溶液中利用电沉积补偿电极损耗的电火花/电化学复合加工技术可以大幅降低电极损耗,对提高微细电火花加工效率具有重要意义。由于该工艺方法是EDM/ECM复合加工领域一个新的研究方向,研究成果很少。为加深对利用电沉积补偿电极损耗的电火花/电化学复合加工技术的认识,基于实验结果,对弱电解质溶液中的电火花/电化学复合加工的材料去除机理、放电通道形成机理及电极损耗机理进行了初步探索,得到了以下结果:电火花放电蚀除和电化学溶解共同将工件材料去除;大量气泡存在于电极间隙使复合加工放电通道的形成异于电火花放电加工;电沉积作用和电火花放电蚀除共同对工具电极损耗产生影响。     

气体放电加工基础工艺试验研究

采用单因素法进行了基本的工艺参数(电参数、伺服参考电压等)对气体介质放电加工性能影响的试验研究。试验结果表明:气体介质的放电加工适于采用正极性加工。在试验加工的范围内,工件的蚀除速度和表面粗糙度值随脉冲宽度和峰值电流的增加而增加,随脉冲间隔的增加而减小。极间并联合适的电容能够使加工速度和加工表面粗糙度有所改善,并对此现象进行了分析。对于某一确定的加工参数,存在一个较佳的伺服参考电压值,使加工性能较为稳定。工具电极具有较高的旋转速度能够使气体放电加工性能得到提高。使用氧气介质能够实现快速电火花加工,并根据不同气体的物理性能对不同气体介质的加工性能进行了分析。工件表面显微硬度测试结果表明:空气中放电加工的工件的表面硬度比基体硬度高,比煤油中加工的工件表面硬度低。     

电火花表面强化工艺在工模具中的应用

电火花表面强化工艺是一种简便实用的金属表面处理方法 ,它是利用脉冲电路的充、放电原理 ,以硬质合金等导电材料作为工具电极 (一般接电源正极 ) ,在空气或特殊气体中与被强化金属零件 (一般接电源负极 )进行间隙放电及接触加热 ,将工具电极材料转移涂覆到被强化金属零件表面 ,形成表面强化层。利用该工艺可有效改善工模具工作表面的物理、化学性能 ,提高工作面硬度 ,增强耐磨性 ,延长工模具使用寿命 ,并可在保持基体金属原始性能的情况下修复表面破损。　　1　电火花表面强化机理金属电火花表面强化工艺的工作原理如图 1所示。在工具电极…     

一种利用WC电极的电火花表面改性技术

研究了1种在普通电火花加工机床上实现金属工件表面改性的新方法。它是在传统电火花加工方法的基础上，采用WC烧结体电极和普通煤油工作液，在工件表面形成1层硬质陶瓷层，从而达到改善工件表面性能的目的。系统地对放电沉积原理进行了探讨，在大量试验的基础上，总结了放电沉积的工艺方法。通过扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射分析、摩擦磨损等一系列试验手段，对形成的沉积层特性进行了定量和定性的分析。试验与分析表明，用电火花加工的方法进行表面处理是1种极具潜力的改性方法。     

气中高速走丝电火花线切割放电状态的研究

气中电火花线切割加工是电火花线切割精加工的发展趋势.因此对气中电火花放电状态的检测是电火花线切割加工过程中极为重要的一个环节,文中介绍了利用放电状态时不同的电压波形对放电状态进行区分并分析了它们的特点.     

基于电火花加工方法的表面改性技术研究

研究了一种在普通电火花加工机床上实现金属工件表面改性的新方法。它是在传统电火花加工方法的基础上，采用TiC-Co半烧结体电极和普通煤油工作液，在工件表面形成一层硬质陶瓷层，从而达到改善工件表面性能的目的，这种新方法被称之为放电沉积。对放电沉积原理进行了探讨，在大量试验的基础上，总结了放电沉积的工艺方法。通过扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射分析、摩擦磨损等试验，对形成的沉积层特性进行了定量和定性分析。最后利用该方法在普通的高速钢车刀上进行了初步应用。试验与分析表明，该方法是一种极具潜力的金属表面改性方法。     

一种高性能低VOC尼龙6复合材料的研究

通过研究基料、无机填料、增韧剂、润滑剂对尼龙6(PA6)复合材料的物理性能、VOC的影响,得到一种高性能低VOC的PA6复合材料。结果表明:以PA6 IM为基料、滑石粉为无机填料、EPDM 3092M为增韧剂、E525为润滑剂的尼龙6复合材料,具有高性能、低VOC的优点。     

The effect of grain size and hardness of Waspaloy on the wear of cemented carbide tools

The effects of grain size and hardness of Waspaloy on the wear of cemented carbide tools were examined by measuring the actual progression of the tool wear in a specific transverse turning operation. Four different conditions of the material from the same batch were studied: fine-grain material in the solution-annealed condition and in the precipitation-hardened condition, as well as large-grain material for the same two conditions. While flank wear, as expected, correlated strongly with hardness, there was basically no effect on the flank wear by the grain size. Notch wear was significant for the large-grain-size material conditions only and was associated with inhomogeneous deformation and burr formation. The deformed layers in the machined surfaces were deeper for the large-grain-size material, but with no obvious effect of hardness.     

Effect of counterface material for abrasive wear of Cercidiphyllum japonicum wood on three-body abrasion

A three-body abrasion test with a loose abrasive grain scattered on a variety of plastic counterface materials is conducted for Cercidiphyllum japonicum wood (katsura wood). The effect of the counterface material in rubbing with the katsura wood is investigated. The results show that a peak wear coefficient exists for the axial, tangential and radial sections of the katsura wood specimen when rubbed with a counterface material. The peak in the wear coefficient is also recognized in the plastic specimen experiments. The peaks in three-body abrasion experiments for both the katsura wood and plastic specimens are closely related to the variable of material yield stress. The peak on katsura wood specimen occurs when the yield stress of the counterface material is approximately twice as large as that of katsura wood, and the peak on the plastic specimen occurs when the yield stress of the counterface material is approximately the same as that of the specimen. The difference in the results between the katsura wood and plastic material could appear to be due to the change in embedding balance of the loose abrasive grain, which is likely affected by the porous wood structure.     

大理石的超声波加工试验研究

本文采用超声波加工技术对大理石的孔加工进行了试验研究,并与陶瓷材料进行了对比试验,研究了各种加工参数对材料材料率和加工精度的影响。试验结果表明：材料去除率与其力学性能有关,在同样的加工条件下,材料的强度和断裂韧性越高,其材料材料率越低,加工精度越高。     

0Cr18Ni9不锈钢本构模型及其对切削力预测影响分析

利用MTS材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)实验装置对经过1100℃固溶处理后的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的静态力学性能和动态力学性能进行了测量,用Johnson-Cook模型拟合了材料的本构关系,用正交切削实验识别了Johnson-Cook模型材料参数。将SHPB实验和切削实验两种方法得到的Johnson-Cook材料模型应用于切削力的预测,分析了不同实验方法得到的材料模型在切削力的预测中的适用性,为不锈钢切削研究中的分析模型和数值计算中的材料流动应力模型选择提供参考。     

Lubrication regimes in lumbar total disc arthroplasty

A number of total disc arthroplasty devices have been developed. Some concern has been expressed that wear may be a potential failure mode for these devices, as has been seen with hip arthroplasty. The aim of this paper was to investigate the lubrication regimes that occur in lumbar total disc arthroplasty devices. The disc arthroplasty was modelled as a ball-and-socket joint. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory was used to calculate the minimum film thickness of the fluid between the bearing surfaces. The lubrication regime was then determined for different material combinations, size of implant, and trunk velocity. Disc arthroplasties with a metal-polymer or metal-metal material combination operate with a boundary lubrication regime. A ceramic-ceramic material combination has the potential to operate with fluid-film lubrication. Disc arthroplasties with a metal-polymer or metal-metal material combination are likely to generate wear debris. In future, it is worth considering a ceramic-ceramic material combination as this is likely to reduce wear.     

Physicochemical wear of abrasive grains during grinding processes

One of the modes of the wear of abrasive grains that occur during grinding is physicochemical wear, which is caused by the intensive interaction between an abrasive material and a material being ground. Despite the short duration of contact between a grain and a blank at high surface temperatures with the friction of the material being ground against the wear site of the abrasive grain, as well as juvenile and subsequently oxidized surfaces, predetermine the physicochemical interaction between the abrasive material and the material being ground. The problem of developing a quantitative characteristic of these processes has not yet been solved. A system of coefficients of the chemical affinity of the abrasive material and the material being ground that characterize the intensity of the physicochemical processes that occur in the zone of contact is proposed.     

试验条件对氧化锌纳米材料形貌的影响

以氧化锌粉为原料,采用化学气相沉积的方法,通过控制沉积温度、生长压强和生长时间等试验条件,获得不同形貌的氧化锌纳米材料。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等仪器进行表征,并对氧化锌纳米材料的生长机制进行进一步探讨。     

Animated visualization of the maximum material requirement

The usage of animation technique applied as a powerful tool to explain the complex concept of the maximum material requirement (MMR) is shown. The concepts of datum system and the maximum material virtual condition envelope, that is located by theoretically exact dimensions are highlighted. The maximum material virtual condition state, that limits the collective effect of the feature maximum material size and the maximum acceptable geometrical deviation for that size is examined. The tolerances of perpendicularity and position with the maximum material modifiers applied in the tolerance frames for the toleranced features or respectively for the datum features are explored. The simplicity of the verification of the conformance with the specification employing the MMR by the gauge that represents the matting counter part is emphasized.     

钢质承压设备用焊接材料技术条件的思考

对正在修订的《承压设备用焊接材料技术条件》标准中各主要观点与主要技术内容进行思考以及所总结的心得体会。主要内容有对目前钢制焊接材料标准的现状进行分析,论证了不能满足承压设备的要求;明确了承压设备用焊接材料技术指标;阐明目前钢制承压设备用焊接材料技术指标有很大的现实性以及我国承压设备用焊接材料标准的存在基础。