基于灰色准则与EEMD的滚刀振动信号降噪方法

工程现场采集的滚刀振动信号掺杂噪声,致使信号特征难以提取。提出一种基于灰色准则与集合经验模态分解(EEMD)的滚刀振动信号降噪方法。首先将原信号进行EEMD分解得到若干个特征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),再根据提出的灰色准则对IMF分量进行极性一致化处理、均值化处理,计算出IMF1与其他IMF分量的灰色关联度,并按照灰色关联度将IMF分量降序排列,然后选择降序排列中前一半IMF分量进行软阈值处理,最终将处理后的IMF分量、未处理的IMF分量及余项进行重构,得到降噪后的信号。通过不同初始信噪比的仿真信号和实际加工中的滚刀振动信号验证了本方法的可行性和有效性,同时与EEMD结合相关系数降噪法、小波软阈值降噪法进行了比较,结果表明本方法的降噪效果更优。     

改进小波去噪Teager算子的齿轮微弱故障提取方法

针对齿轮箱在强噪声背景下齿轮微弱故障振动信号的特征不易被提取的问题,提出将改进小波去噪和Teager能量算子相结合的微弱故障特征提取方法。采用改进小波阈值函数对振动信号进行去噪处理,与形态学滤波和传统小波阈值函数相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行集合经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)得到若干本征模式函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF),计算各IMF分量与原信号的相关系数并结合各IMF分量的频谱剔除虚假分量。对有效的IMF分量计算其Teager能量算子,并重构得到Teager能量谱,对重构信号进行时频分析并将其结果与原信号的希尔伯特黄变换(HilbertHuang transform,简称HHT)得到的边际谱进行对比。实验研究结果表明,本研究方法相比HHT能够对齿轮微弱故障特征进行更为有效地提取,验证了本研究方法在齿轮箱微弱故障诊断中的可行性。     

APEEMD及其在转子碰摩故障诊断中的应用

总体平均经验模态分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)是抑制经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)模态混叠的有效方法,针对EEMD分解效果依赖于添加噪声的大小、筛分次数和总体平均次数等参数的选择及噪声残留大、分解不完备等问题,提出了自适应部分集成经验模态分解。该方法通过成对地向目标信号加入自适应噪声,并对每个内禀模态函数(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)自动选择筛选次数,通过排列熵检测筛分出高频IMF,再对剩余信号进行EMD分解。将提出的方法应用于仿真和转子碰摩故障试验数据分析,结果表明提出的方法能够有效地应用于转子碰摩故障诊断,而且在分量的精确性、完备性和模态混叠的抑制等方面优于EEMD方法。     

形态滤波与平移不变量小波增强EEMD的故障诊断方法

针对集成经验模式分解(Ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD)在轴承故障特征提取中的问题,提出一种混合故障诊断方法。首先,将"形态滤波-平移不变量小波"作为EEMD的前置滤波器,实现对原始信号中窄带脉冲和随机噪声干扰的有效消除;其次,针对本征模式分量(Intrinsic mode functions,IMFs)中真实分量的选取问题,提出一种轴承振动信号EEMD分解的筛选规则,即计算各IMFs和原信号的自相关函数并作归一化处理,然后计算各IMFs自相关函数和原信号自相关函数的相关系数,以最大相关系数的一半作为阈值剔除虚假的IMFs,与此同时保留第1和第2阶IMFs,从而实现对EEMD的改进。仿真和实验轴承故障诊断研究表明了该方法的有效性,方法的优点在于:将"形态滤波-平移不变量小波"作为集成经验模式分解的前置滤波器,可有效去除故障轴承振动信号中的窄带脉冲和随机噪声干扰;本文的筛选规则可有效选取去噪信号EEMD分解后的IMFs中真实分量,从而可靠地获取故障特征频率。本研究为轴承故障诊断提供了一种新的手段。     

基于敏感IMF的再制造发动机振动状态研究

为了提高再制造发动机质量,将总体平均经验模态分解方法分解方法(ensemble empirical mode decomposition,简称EEMD)及敏感IMF选择算法引入再制造发动机性能研究中。在对再制造发动机非稳态振动信号进行EEMD分解的基础上,首先,将相关系数引入到IMF研究中,分析各IMF分量与原始信号的相关性,并计算原始信号各IMF分量的敏感因子;然后,利用敏感IMF进行Hilbert变换,并对再制造发动机的振动状态进行分析。研究结果表明,采用EEMD分解算法及敏感IMF的边际谱能反映再制造发动机不同部位的振动状态,缸壁、缸盖、曲轴三处对振动的敏感频率是存在差异的,通过对发动机各主要部位振动情况的研究,可以有针对性地采用再制造工艺,从而为提高发动机再制造水平提供技术支持。     

基于SVD-SGWT和IMF能量熵增量的液压故障特征提取

针对随机噪声和虚假分量影响总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)分解质量问题,提出基于奇异值分解(SVD)和第二代小波变换(SGWT)联合降噪预处理和本征模态分量(IMF)能量熵增量剔除虚假分量的改进EEMD方法。该方法首先对原始信号进行第二代小波变换,利用SVD对SGWT得到的高频系数进行降噪处理,克服了软、硬阈值法降噪的缺陷。然后对消噪处理的信号进行EEMD分解,通过IMF能量熵增量去除虚假分量;最后对主IMF分量进行Hilbert谱分析来提取信号的主要特征。仿真和实验结果表明,SVD和SGWT联合降噪故障信号信噪比显著提高,且失真度小,抑制了噪声对EEMD分解精度的干扰,能量熵增量能有效地去除虚假IMF,Hilbert谱中各频率成分清晰不混叠,成功提取了液压系统故障特征频率。     

基于CEEMD的滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪方法

针对滚动轴承故障特征信号容易被噪声掩盖难以提取的问题,提出了基于互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪方法。为了准确判定噪声分量和有用信号分量的分界点,在对振动信号进行CEEMD分解后,设计了依据信噪分量自相关函数的单边波峰宽度特性自适应地判定分界点的方法。为了保证重构信号的完整性,利用改进的小波阈值降噪方法提取低频IMF分量中的高频有效信息。实验分析表明,结合改进阈值函数的CEEMD自适应降噪方法能够有效地去除故障振动信号中夹杂的噪声,并且很好地保留了滚动轴承振动信号的突变细节,达到了不错的降噪效果。     

基于流行-IMF奇异值熵的转子故障特征提取方法

针对转子振动信号的非平稳性以及微弱故障特征难以提取的问题，提出一种基于集合经验模式分解(ensemble empirical mode decomposition，简称EEMD)的奇异值熵和流形学习算法相结合的故障特征提取方法。首先，对原始振动信号进行EEMD分解，得到若干本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function，简称IMF)分量，根据峭度 欧式距离评价指标选取故障信息丰富的敏感分量，组成初始特征向量，求其奇异值熵；其次，利用近邻概率距离拉普拉斯特征映射算法（nearby probability distance Laplacian eigenmap,简称NPDLE）对奇异值熵组成的特征矩阵进行降维处理；最后，将得到的低维特征子集输入到K-近邻(K-nearest neighbor，简称KNN)中进行模式辨识。用一个双跨度转子实验台数据集和Iris仿真数据集对所提方法进行了验证，结果表明，IMF奇异值熵和NPDLE相结合的方法可以有效地实现转子故障特征提取，提高了故障辨识的准确性。     

基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮箱振动信号易受噪声影响以及齿轮箱振动信号比较复杂的特点,提出基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先对经过EEMD分解的IMF分量中的高频分量进行改进小波阈值降噪处理,重构信号后得到降噪信号。实验结果表明应用该方法可以较为准确地识别齿轮故障。     

侵彻弹体频率特性分析及过载信号处理

为解决硬目标侵彻过载信号降噪问题,提出融合总体经验模态分解(EEMD)和小波变换(WT)的联合滤波方法。首先对实测信号进行总体经验模态分解,获得信号的本征模态函数(IMF)分量,然后计算各分量功率谱并与原信号比较,得出信号的有效分解尺度和弹体的过载响应频率,接着对高频IMF分量采用小波阈值降噪,最后将降噪后的高频分量与分解后的低频分量组合重构获得侵彻特征信号。实验证明,这一方法可以有效提取弹体响应频率,消除侵彻过程中弹体的高频振动信号和外部噪声,且处理后的加速度曲线具有更高的信噪比,积分所得速度和位移时程曲线也与实验结果相近。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

5083H111轧制铝合金的低周疲劳行为

在室温下对5083H111轧制铝合金板三个典型方向——轧制方向(RD方向)、与轧制方向成45°角方向(MD方向)、垂直于轧制方向(TD方向)的试样进行了单轴对称应变控制的低调疲劳试验,研究了不同方向试样的循环变形行为和疲劳寿命差异。结果表明:铝合金板在三个方向上都表现出了明显的循环硬化特性,即在恒定的应变幅下,三个方向的响应应力幅均随着循环次数的增加而增大,并且外加应变幅越大,响应应力幅也越大;三个方向的低周疲劳ε-Nf曲线差别不明显;三参数幂函数寿命模型可以很好地预测5083H111铝合金的低周疲劳寿命。