基于压电式压力传感器的冲击波载荷测试系统设计

为了满足对爆炸冲击波载荷精确测量的技术要求,设计了以压电式压力传感器为测试元件的爆炸冲击波载荷测试系统,并对所选压电式压力传感器的固有频率ωn与采样频率ω的关系进行了研究。试验表明,所选压电式压力传感器及设计的测试系统性能稳定、可靠,测试结果符合设计要求。     

冲击波超压测试用压力传感器热冲击特性研究

针对压力传感器前增加隔热层影响动态特性及给使用方便性带来影响的问题,研究了两种典型压电式冲击波超压传感器对热冲击的抑制能力。根据压电式冲击波超压传感器的结构特点分析了热冲击产生响应机理;根据冲击波超压经验公式对冲击波超压传感器使用热冲击幅值及作用时间进行了仿真计算,并对高阻电荷输出型和ICP型的冲击波超压传感器的热冲击响应输出特性进行了实验研究,分别得出了两种传感器在冲击波测试中的适用范围。     

基于多测点环境下的增益可调ICP调理电路设计

冲击波超压随弹药当量和测试半径大小变化显著,近距离与远距离测点的超压峰值可达数倍之差。为准确获取超压值,需在不同测试半径布置测点,且爆炸冲击波具有初值高、衰减快、上升时间短的特点,常用ICP压电式压力传感器来测试冲击波参数。针对现有ICP传感器的单一增益调理电路难以满足多测点的实验要求、在不同测试半径存在测试误差和灵活性差等问题,提出一种基于多测点环境的增益可调的ICP调理电路,实现了8档可调增益,增益精度均在1%以内。电路可靠性、灵活性在多测点冲击波测试中得到了验证,有效减少了由测试半径不同引起的测试误差。     

气固两相流超声过程层析成像系统研究

研究了一种应用于气固两相流过程监测的超声波层析成像系统。为利用少数传感器实现较精确成像,研制了一套测试系统:传感器阵列由8个扇形空气耦合传感器组成,每个传感器均为收发一体式并且发射扇形波束角度可达150°;设计了基于单片机的切换装置以改善系统实时性;发展了改进二值逻辑反投影图像重建算法,通过设置双阈值改善边缘效应提高了图像重建精度。对四氟乙烯棒进行的静态实验与对煤粉进行的动态测试实验中,系统获得了足够多的有效信号数据,实现了气固两相流横断面的二维图像重建。静态实验中重建图像的最小空间成像误差(SIE)为3.2%,表明系统具有较好成像精度,可实现气固两相流流动监测。     

基于可多次触发技术的冲击波超压测试系统设计(英文)

在冲击波测试中,单触发系统具有不可靠性。为此,本文提出了一种基于多次触发技术的冲击波测试系统。它将存储空间分割成多个存储数据段,以实现多次触发的数据采集与存储,提高了测试系统的可靠性。对测试系统在误触发后存在的多个数据段,采用爆炸时刻来提取有用数据段,提高了数据回收效率,适合于多点分布式测试。该系统经动态特性标定后,通过爆炸试验采集了有效数据。结果表明,该测试系统较单触发系统有较高的可靠性。     

参数可配置的瞬态压力存储测试系统设计与实现(英文)

在爆炸场的冲击波超压测试中,弹药的当量、类型以及测试节点到爆心的距离都会影响冲击波信号的特征。为保证不同特征的冲击波信号在靶场测试中都能被完整采集,本文提出了一种参数可配置的瞬态压力存储测试系统。该系统通过无线通信的方式对爆炸场的所有测试节点进行参数设置,满足了不同节点的测试需求。通过爆炸环境的测试实验,验证了测试节点的可靠性。     

压力传感器动态性能分析与动态补偿

在对炮口冲击波测试中，压力传感器的动态性能指标是否满足测量要求至关重要。本文通过GLS(SF)方法建立压力传感器的数学模型，并由数学模型求出动态性能指标。然而该传感器的动态性能指标不能满足测量要求，针对此问题本文采用零极点相消的方法设计出动态补偿滤波器，明显提高了该传感器的动态性能，最终解决了该冲击波的测量问题。     

应用递推神经网络的传感器动态建模研究

根据动态校准实验结果建立传感器的动态数学模型 ,以研究传感器的动态性能 ,是动态测试的一个重要内容。研究了递归神经网络模型在传感器动态建模中的应用。递归神经网络模型采用具有输入层、中间层、输出层的三层网络结构 ,整个网络的特性决定于相邻层间的连接权。采用递推预报误差算法训练神经网络 ,具有收敛速度快、收敛精度高的特点。由于其反馈特征 ,使得递归神经网络模型能获取系统的动态响应特性。该方法特别适用于传感器非线性动态建模 ,而且避免了传感器模型阶次的选择的困难。试验结果表明 ,应用递归神经网络对传感器进行动态建模是一种行之有效的方法     

反滤波方法在冲击波超压测试中的应用

由于测试系统的带宽不能完全覆盖冲击波信号的有效带宽,存在不可忽视的动态误差.本文介绍了反滤波方法消除动态误差的实现方法,并将此方法应用于冲击波超压的测试中,取得了良好效果.     

位移传感器动态测量系统的误差建模研究

为进行动态测试系统的误差溯源研究,以一种差动互感电感式位移传感器动态测试系统为研究对象,分析各部分的动态测试特性,分别建立了各环节的单元传递函数与误差函数,并根据全系统动态测试精度理论,建立了该系统总的传递链函数及误差传递”白化”模型。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.