T槽干气密封低速运转特性的理论研究

研究T槽干气密封低速运转特性。考虑滑移流的影响,利用有限差分方法求解修正的雷诺方程,探讨端面气膜压力分布,分析滑移流效应对工作膜厚、端面开启力和泄漏率的影响,以及端面关键几何参数对端面开启力和气体泄漏率的影响规律。结果表明:气膜密封在低速运转时,由于工作膜厚较小,滑移流对密封性能影响较大;T槽的几何参数和操作参数对密封性能有影响,其中几何参数对密封性能均有较大影响。     

考虑表面粗糙度的干气密封边界膜滑移效应分析

为了研究随机粗糙表面上的滑移流效应,针对符合高斯分布的粗糙度表面,考虑其影响对一阶滑移模型进行修正,建立适用于随机粗糙表面的有效滑移长度模型;建立流体润滑方程,采用数值分析方法对其进行计算,研究粗糙峰间距、粗糙度均方根对滑移流以及螺旋槽干气密封的密封性能的影响。研究结果表明:气体分子平均自由程较小、粗糙峰间距较小或者粗糙度均方根较大的情况下,密封端面更容易发生负滑移现象;在微尺度条件下,负滑移有助于提高密封的端面开启力和运行稳定性;滑移流对气膜刚度的影响最大,气膜承载力次之,泄漏率最小且可以忽略不计。     

径向变深雁形槽干气密封开启性能研究

为进一步提高雁型槽端面干气密封在低速、低压工况下的开启性能,在等深雁型槽的基础上对槽底结构进行变深优化,提出了收敛型锥度、收敛型阶梯、发散型锥度和发散性阶梯4种槽底变深结构。基于气体混合润滑理论,考虑密封端面粗糙度效应和端面间气体滑移流效应,建立了雁型槽端面干气密封动压开启分析模型,数值分析了槽底变深结构干气密封的气膜压力分布,研究了相对变深坡度、环颈深度和密封压力对变深雁型槽端面干气密封的临界开启转速和气膜刚度的影响。结果表明:与等深槽相比,槽底变深结构可提高密封端面间气膜承载能力和稳定性;在相对变深坡度λ=3/8～4/8时,变深结构干气密封的临界开启转速nc取得最小值,且发散型变深结构略优于收敛型变深结构;相对变深坡度取最优值时,发散型结构干气密封的临界开启转速nc与等深槽相比降低了10.2%。     

螺旋槽气体润滑机械密封低速运转特性--理论研究

通过考虑滑移流与不考虑滑移流两种数学模型，采用有限单元法对螺旋槽气体润滑机械密封低速运转特性进行了较为详细的对比分析。结果表明：在考虑气体密封低速运转特性时，滑移流对密封特性有着十分重要的影响，必需对其加以考虑。并探讨了各种结构参数对密封性能的影响规律，对密封的设计、制造及应用具有一定的指导意义。     

干式气体端面密封的研究现状

非接触式干式气体端面密封(DGS)是一种新型机械密封,在旋转机泵的转轴轴端密封装置中已经得到成功应用.对DGS的研究进展进行了总结,着重介绍了密封性能的理论分析与数值计算方法,端面微槽的优化设计方法,试验研究方法以及考虑端面微尺度效应和滑移流效应基础研究等方面的研究现状.指出在高参数条件下DGS端面的热流固耦合与解耦分析,低速或低压条件下密封的启动与停车性能的准确预测及结构优化是DGS技术未来研究的重点,也是进一步拓广DGS应用领域、提高其工作可靠性的关键.     

镶嵌式直线深槽流体动压型机械密封性能研究

以端面开有直线深槽的镶嵌式密封结构为分析对象,建立了密封环与润滑液膜间的流固力耦合模型,采用有限差分和有限元法分别求解润滑方程和变形方程,研究了密封压力和转速对润滑液膜的影响规律,分析了操作参数对密封性能的影响。研究结果表明,由于直线深槽作用,密封端面形成了一定的波度和锥度,波度随着压力的升高而变大,但锥度增幅不是很明显,而对波度的变化影响较大。密封端面的波度和锥度随转速的变化不大。密封压力升高时,密封端面间的泄漏率增大,摩擦系数相应地减小;密封转速增大时,密封端面间的泄漏率变化不是很明显,而摩擦系数相应的增大。     

螺旋排布微孔端面机械密封的性能研究

端面微孔排布方式对激光加工多孔端面机械密封性能影响显著。通过建立螺旋排布微孔端面机械密封的理论分析模型,运用有限元法和数值模拟工具,获得密封端面液膜压力分布。以液膜刚度、开启力、泄漏量和刚漏比等密封性能参数为评价指标,比较径向直排微孔机械密封和螺旋排布微孔机械密封的性能优劣,分析螺旋排布微孔几何参数(螺旋角、径向开孔比、周向开孔比等)对密封性能的影响规律。结果显示,在同等工况下,螺旋排布微孔机械密封相比径向直排微孔机械密封可以显著提高密封端面的液膜刚度、开启力和刚漏比。进一步的优化分析表明,适当的螺旋角、周向开孔比和径向开孔比可以显著提高密封性能。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的螺旋槽干气密封流固耦合分析

采用Solid Works软件建立螺旋槽干气密封的动环和气膜的三维模型,用ANSYS Workbench对模型进行单向流固耦合分析,得到动环密封端面的应力和应变分布情况,并研究动环转速和介质气体压力对动环密封端面应力和应变的影响。结果表明,动环密封端面应力和应变主要集中在螺旋槽区域,在螺旋槽根部出现应力和应变的最大值,体现出螺旋槽干气密封很好的动压效应;动环转速和介质气体压力对动环密封端面应力和应变均有较大影响,并且动环密封端面最大应力、最小应力及最大应变和最小应变均随着动环转速和介质气体压力的增大而增加。     

表面粗糙度对螺旋槽干式气体密封性能的影响

考虑螺旋槽干式气体端面密封(S-DGS)的表面粗糙度,通过求解可压缩流平均雷诺方程,研究了不同速度条件下密封端面不同区域的各向同性表面粗糙度对密封气膜刚度和泄漏量的影响。结果表明:密封端面各区域表面粗糙度对密封性能的影响规律各不相同,并且转速对表面粗糙度与密封性能的关系产生影响;为满足气体密封具有较高气膜刚度的同时具有较低的泄漏量,同时满足较高的性价比,设计时应选取合适的表面粗糙度值。     

微流道界面剪切对液膜密封空化流场特性的影响研究

针对高转速下液膜密封空化区界面发生强烈波动导致密封失稳的问题,为寻找波动抑制方法,考察了微流道槽底面剪切条件对液膜空化流场特性的影响。选用Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,运用Laminar和转捩SST模型,对比研究了不同转速槽底面无滑移和无剪切条件下的开启力F_o、泄漏率Q、空化占比和空化区速度分布规律。结果表明：流动模型的选择(Laminar和转捩SST模型)对F_o和Q的影响可以忽略,但对空化影响十分显著;液膜空化泡在膜厚方向呈不规则曲面状,在槽区膜厚中部位置的轴截面空化面积占比最大,无滑移时向非开槽端面单侧减小,无剪切时向密封端面双侧减小;可分开判定非槽区和槽区流态,非槽区始终为层流,槽区在11 300 r/min以下为层流,高于11 300 r/min为转捩流,若存在局部区域流动因子9/16<ζ<1或有空化发生,均应采用转捩SST模型;槽底面进行超滑水改性,可显著提高F_o(15 000 r/min时提高51.6%),降低Q(1 000 r/min时降低2.8%),有效降低空化率(15000r/min时...     

On the Dynamic Behavior of Two Gas-Lubricated Two-Lobe Journal Bearing Configurations

A Finite Element model for the noncontacting gas face seal is developed based on the modified Reynolds Equation developed by Fukui and Kaneko (4), (5) that considers the slip flow effects. Numerical studies of a representative spiral groove seal at the slow speed (≤, 500 rpm) and the low pressure (≤ .303 MPa) conditions showed that slip flow can significantly affect the seal performances such as the lift-off speed, leakage rate, load carrying capacities. Without the consideration of the slip flow effect, the lift-off speed and the corresponding leakage rate would be greatly underestimated, especially at near ambient pressure condition. By examining the F-h characteristic curves, it was found that under the parameters presented in the present study the slip flow could be significant for Knudsen number, Kn as small as .05, and the slip flow in effect reduces the viscous pumping resulting in a loss of load carrying capacities.     

A CFD study of wet gas metering over-reading model under high pressure

The venturi flow meter is increasingly being preferred in multiphase flow measurement because of its shorter upstream and downstream straight sections, less influenced by the flow pattern and relatively small pressure loss. However, when the venturi is used for wet gas measurement, the over-reading phenomenon occurs due to the presence of a small amount of liquid. Many scholars have established over-reading models to correct the measured values of wet gas. Regrettably, the applicability of these over-reading models under actual high pressure operating conditions has not been verified. Therefore, this review focuses on numerical simulation of the flow of wet gas in the venturi tube under high pressure conditions (11MPa/13MPa/15 MPa). The discrete phase model (DPM) and the standard k-ε model was employed in this review. The simulations results reveals the flow characteristics of wet gas in venturi tube, which includes the flow field distributions, droplet concentration distributions and wall pressure profile distributions, and indicates that the over-reading values increases with the increase of Lockhart-Martinelli parameters and gas volume flow rate, but decreases with the increase of pressure. Moreover, the ISO model has the best performance under high pressure conditions.     

Computational study of the unsteady flow characteristics of a micro shock tube

Micro shock tubes are widely employed in many micro instruments which require high speed and high temperature flow field. The small flow dimension introduces additional flow physics such as rarefaction effects, viscous effects etc, which makes the micro shock tube different from conventional macro shock tubes. In the present study, a numerical investigation of the flow physics associated with shock propagation and reflection inside micro shock tubes was carried out using unsteady Navier Stokes equations. Maxwell’s slip boundary conditions were incorporated to simulate the rarefaction effects produced due to low pressure and very small length scale. The effect of initial pressures on the shock propagation was investigated keeping the pressure ratio constant. The dependency of the shock tube diameter on shock propagation was also investigated. The results show that shock strength attenuates drastically in a micro shock tube compared to macro shock tubes. The viscous boundary layer becomes a governing parameter in controlling micro shock tube wave propagations. The implementation of slip velocity to model rarefaction effects increases the shock strength and aids in shock wave propagation. The simulation with slip wall exhibits a wider hot zone (shock-contact distance) compared to no-slip simulation. The contact surface propagation distance reduces under the slip effects. A drastic attenuation in shock propagation distance was observed with reduction in diameter. The shock wave when reflected from the end wall inhibits the rarefaction effects, generally happening at very low pressure micro shock tubes, and the associated slip effect vanishes for the post reflected shock flow field.     

界面滑移对动压气体轴承间隙流动特性的影响*

为揭示转子静子表面流固界面非一致滑移状态下动压气体轴承转静子间隙流动机制以及对轴承性能的影响,建立界面非一致滑移修正雷诺方程,并耦合气膜厚度方程进行超松弛迭代求解,数值分析研究转静侧滑移状态、偏心率、间隙尺寸和耦合弹性箔片对间隙气膜流动特性的影响。结果表明：流固界面滑移状态对转静子间隙流动及其轴承性能具有显著的影响;转子侧滑移发生在压力上升区,这使得高压区压力减小;而静子侧滑移发生在压力下降区,使得高压区压力增大;与无滑移情形相比,局部滑移时间隙气膜压力峰值变化增幅达12%。在研究的参数范围内,随着偏心率减小和间隙高度增大,间隙界面滑移状态逐渐由转子侧滑移占主导向静子侧滑移占主导转变;耦合弹性箔片时,滑移区域增大1~4倍,滑移速度增大2~8倍,间隙气膜压力呈现双峰值分布。     

A V-Cone meter measurement correlation in low pressure wet gas based on Chisholm model

To gain a deeper understanding of the performance of V-Cone meter in low pressure wet gas measurement, the over-reading of the V-Cone meter was experimentally investigated in the present study. The equivalent diameter ratio of the V-Cone meter is 0.55. The experimental fluids were air and tap water. The operating pressure and the gas volume fraction ranged from 0.1 MPa to 0.4 MPa and 97.52%–100%, respectively. The results showed that the existing V-Cone wet gas correlation, which was developed for the medium and high pressure wet gas cannot be well extended to the low pressure conditions. The Chisholm exponent monotonically decreased with the ratio of liquid-to-gas mass flow rate increasing, and was almost not affected by the gas to liquid density ratio and the gas densiometric Froude number in the present test ranges. A measurement correlation dedicated for the low pressure wet gas was developed. In the present cases, the relative deviation of the gas mass flow rate predicted by the new correlation was within ±4.0% and ±3.0% under the 95% and 90% confidence level, respectively; the average relative deviation was 0.046%. Our results provide insights into the measurement performance of V-Cone meter in low pressure wet gas and may help to develop a more comprehensive wet gas correlation.     

非均匀加热条件下微矩形槽道内的滑移流动换热特性

利用正交函数法对定热流密度加热、壁面温度在周向可任意变化条件下,气体在微矩形槽道内的热充分发展滑移流动的换热特性进行理论分析,获得相应条件下的Nu数计算方法及换热特性,并与大尺度槽道的换热特性进行比较,探讨了Kn数、槽道高宽比及不同加热条件对微矩形槽道内滑移流动换热性能的影响。结果表明,在任何加热条件下,微矩形槽道内的平均Nu数均低于相同加热条件下大尺度矩形槽道中的Nu数,且随Kn数的增加而减小。高宽比越小,平均Nu数下降越大。在相同的高宽比和Kn数下,单边加热条件下的换热性能相比相同加热条件的常规大槽道内的换热性能下降最小。     

Development of a nuclear magnetic resonance system for in situ analysis of hydrogen storage materials under high pressures and temperatures

A NMR system for in situ analysis of hydrogen storage materials under high pressure and temperature conditions was developed. The system consists of a gas pressure and flow rate controlling unit, a temperature controller, a high temperature NMR probe tunable for both (1)H and other nuclei, and a sample tube holder. Sample temperature can be controlled up to 623 K by heated N(2) gas flow. Sample tube atmosphere can be substituted by either H(2) or Ar and can be pressurized up to 1 MPa under constant flow rate up to 100 ml/min. During the NMR measurement, the pressure can be adjusted easily by just handle a back pressure valve. On the blank NMR measurement, (1)H background noise was confirmed to be very low. (1)H and (11)B NMR spectrum of LiBH(4) were successfully observed at high temperature for the demonstration of the system. The intensity of the (1)H NMR spectra of H(2) gas was also confirmed to be proportional to the applied pressure.     

界面滑移对圆柱形凹坑织构滑动轴承摩擦力的影响

为研究不同的滑移情况对圆柱形凹坑织构滑动轴承摩擦力的影响,建立含有圆柱形凹坑织构的滑动轴承在不同界面滑移状态下的摩擦力计算模型,探究影响织构化滑动轴承摩擦力的参数,并借助ANSYS分析不同滑移情况下界面滑移对圆柱形凹坑织构滑动轴承摩擦力的影响规律。结果表明:织构化滑动轴承的摩擦力主要是由轴颈线速度、油膜滑移比、轴承的进出油口压力、织构处油膜压力、织构深度、油膜厚度和承载力决定;不同滑移情况下织构模型的摩擦力均小于无织构模型;且在上下表面均滑移时,圆柱形凹坑织构在出口位置时表现出最优的承载和减摩效果;适当地增加圆柱形凹坑织构的深度可以改善模型的摩擦性能,但是过深的凹坑织构并不能发挥出其性能。     

高压叶片泵流量脉动CFD模拟

高压泵是液压系统中的核心设备,流量脉动是影响其输出稳定性的重要参数。针对液压系统双作用高压叶片泵,采用CFD方法对其内部流场进行了三维瞬态模拟,分析了不同工况对出口流量脉动及其性能的影响规律。结果表明：排油初期高压差的作用使得工作腔内会出现明显的回流现象,产生较高的流量脉动;随着叶顶间隙的增大,泵的流量脉动减小,但容积效率明显下降,间隙值为30μm时,容积效率仅为61.1%;流量脉动幅度随叶片数的增多而减小;吸液压力为0.1 MPa时的流量脉动率为0.2 MPa时的4.4倍,容积效率增大了5.6%。因此,提高吸液压力可以有效改善泵的流量脉动和容积效率。     

The influence of the molecular mean free path on spherical thrust gas bearing performance

The performance of a spherical thrust gas bearing under slip flow conditions was investigated and it was shown that as the ratio of the mean free path to the minimum film thickness increased the bearing load-carrying capacity and the lubricant mass flow rate increased while the frictional torque decreased. The effect is more pronounced at lower values of inlet pressure and film thickness.