Experimental Investigation of Partial Laser Surface Texturing for Piston-Ring Friction Reduction

An experimental study is presented to evaluate the effect of partial laser surface texturing (LST) on friction reduction in piston rings. In a previous study, 30% friction reduction was obtained with full LST where the full width of the piston ring is textured with a very large number of microdimples that act individually as microhydrodynamic bearings. In partial LST, only a portion of the piston-ring width is textured with high dimple density, producing a “collective” effect of the dimples that provides an equivalent converging clearance even with nominally parallel mating surfaces. Experimental results obtained with flat and parallel test specimens with partial LST are presented, confirming a previously published theoretical model and the advantage of partial over full LST. Friction reduction by LST with actual production-crowned piston rings and cylinder liner segments is not straightforward and needs further investigation.     

激光微造型表面摩擦磨损性能研究

采用声光调Q二级管泵浦固体光源（DPSS）Nd：YAG激光器对缸套试件表面进行了，微造型州纹加工。在往复式活塞环-缸套摩擦磨损模拟试验机上进行了激光造型缸套试件与未造型光滑缸套试件的摩擦磨损性能对比试验研究。试验结果表明，在重载高速条件下，激光网纹试件与未造型试件相比，摩擦因数降低23％，磨损量降低66％。说明激光网纹沟槽具有贮油、积屑和动压润滑作用，同时激光加工的网纹淬火效应也有利于提高支承表面的耐磨抗擦伤性能。     

沟槽和圆坑织构抑制摩擦尖叫噪声研究

在列车制动盘试样表面加工出不同宽度的发散型沟槽织构和不同直径与间距的发散型圆坑织构后,将其与光滑表面进行摩擦噪声对比试验,并利用数值分析方法进行模拟分析,研究织构表面对摩擦尖叫噪声特性的影响及作用机理。结果表明,两种织构表面均能降低摩擦系统高频尖叫噪声,且尺寸分布合理的沟槽织构能明显地抑制噪声的产生。利用数值分析方法能较好地揭示织构影响界面摩擦噪声的机理,即对摩材料滑过织构表面并碰击其棱边时,所产生的作用力能起到主动控制界面摩擦噪声的作用,且能抑制某些特定频率的尖叫噪声的产生。     

基于椭圆织构优化的间隙密封液压缸摩擦性能研究

考虑织构参数对零件表面性能影响的多变性和复杂性,以间隙密封液压缸为研究对象,在液压缸的缸筒内壁构造椭圆微织构形貌,采用循环迭代法研究椭圆织构的长短轴比、椭圆率以及面积占有率等多个椭圆形状参数同时变化对缸筒表面动压润滑和摩擦性能的影响;同时在获得最优椭圆织构参数后进一步分析了液压缸与活塞间隙以及活塞运动速度对织构表面摩擦特性的影响。结果表明此种方法可以得到最优椭圆织构参数即优势区间,即当椭圆织构的长、短轴尺寸分别为a∈［0.43,0.46］mm,b∈［0.29,0.32］mm,缸筒表面产生最大动压和最佳润滑特性,且存在一个最佳间隙值(2 μm)使得织构表面油膜承载力最大,而活塞运动速度对缸筒表面的摩擦性能影响较小。     

An Investigation of Hydraulic Motor Efficiency and Tribological Surface Properties

Hydraulic motor efficiency does not depend upon viscosity alone. Under low-speed, high-torque conditions, hydraulic motors operate in the boundary regime and, therefore, surface interactions of lubricant additives can affect friction and efficiency. This article presents an investigation of boundary film formation, friction, and surface topography in benchtop tribometers and hydraulic motors. Fluids investigated included those with varied antiwear packages (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate [ZDDP], ashless) and friction modifiers (with and without) and base oil (Group I, Group III). The mechanical efficiencies of geroler, axial piston, bent-axis, and radial piston motors were measured under low-speed, high-torque conditions. The addition of a friction modifier to an ashless hydraulic fluid increased the efficiency of the motors at low speed. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of motor surfaces after testing revealed the presence of tribochemical films from the hydraulic fluid additives. In benchtop tribometer testing, the friction modifier reduced friction significantly but also increased wear. This could be related to surface competition of the friction modifier and antiwear chemistries, as evidenced by the reduced concentration of phosphorus on the surface. These findings are significant because they provide insights toward the development of fluids that can enhance motor efficiency but also demonstrates the need for a well-balanced additive package so that improved motor efficiency can be achieved without affecting other important properties of the fluid.     

Friction and Wear Properties of Micro Textured DLC Coated Surfaces in Boundary Lubricated Sliding

In the present study, the friction and wear properties of boundary lubricated textured surfaces were investigated. The capability to feed lubricant into the interface of a sliding contact and to isolate wear particles was related to the shape, size and orientation of the texture patterns. Well-defined surface textures of square depressions or parallel grooves of different widths and distributions were produced by lithography and anisotropic etching of silicon wafers. Subsequently the wafers were PVD coated with thin, wear resistant DLC coatings, retaining the substrate texture. The surfaces were evaluated in reciprocating sliding against a ball-bearing-steel ball under starved or amply lubricated boundary lubrication conditions.     

The Synergetic Effects of Surface Texturing and MoDDP Additive Applied to Ball-on-Disk Friction Subject to Both Flooded and Starved Lubrication Conditions

This paper reports a novel work on the synergetic effects of microscale surface texturing and lubricant friction modifier additive of molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP) subject to both flooded and starved lubrication conditions. The experiments were performed on reciprocating ball-on-disk friction in GTL8 base oil with and without MoDDP. In the flooded lubrication condition, the test results demonstrated that the presence of the MoDDP additive contributed to lower friction coefficients and also more pronounced effect of surface textures on friction than in the case of the bare base oil. In the starved lubrication experiments, textured and texture-free surfaces in the oils with and without MoDDP additive were tested until an abrupt rising of friction coefficient was detected. The results showed that the magnitude of friction coefficient before terminating each test was the almost same for various tests, while the endurance time in different test conditions was significantly different. The textured surface exhibited longer endurance time than the texture-free surface, especially when the MoDDP additive was used. The mechanism of the synergetic effects of surface textures and MoDDP additive has been discussed based on the experimental observations in the following sections. This study provides a new idea for the application of surface texture in boundary lubrication when lubricant additive is contained in the lubricating oils.     

水压马达配流副椭圆形织构表面流场分析*

为了探究椭圆形织构化表面对水压马达配流副流体动压润滑性能的影响,构建椭圆形织构配流副表面的全水动压润滑模型,采用CFD的方法分析在不同尺寸、不同面积率条件下,两旋转表面摩擦润滑性能的变化规律。结果表明：不同尺寸的椭圆形织构表面均能产生良好的流体动压润滑性能;不同尺寸椭圆形织构的水膜承载力随面积率的变化呈现出不同的变化规律,但相同尺寸的织构表面随面积率的变化呈现出相同的变化规律,且转速越大,规律性越明显;在相同面积率下,转速越高,织构的水膜承载力越强;不同尺寸椭圆形织构在各自最优面积率下的水膜承载力不同,其中长轴、短轴分别为1.6、0.8 mm的椭圆形织构表现出最优的水膜承载性能。     

Analysis of machinable structures and their wettability of rotary ultrasonic texturing method

Tailored surface textures at the micro- or nanoscale dimensions are widely used to get required functional performances. Rotary ultrasonic texturing (RUT) technique has been proved to be capable of fabricating periodic micro- and nanostructures. In the present study, diamond tools with geometrically defined cutting edges were designed for fabricating different types of tailored surface textures using the RUT method. Surface generation mechanisms and machinable structures of the RUT process are analyzed and simulated with a 3D-CAD program. Textured surfaces generated by using a triangular pyramid cutting tip are constructed. Different textural patterns from several micrometers to several tens of micrometers with few burrs were successfully fabricated, which proved that tools with a proper two-rake-face design are capable of removing cutting chips efficiently along a sinusoidal cutting locus in the RUT process. Technical applications of the textured surfaces are also discussed. Wetting properties of textured aluminum surfaces were evaluated by combining the test of surface roughness features. The results show that the real surface area of the textured aluminum surfaces almost doubled by comparing with that of a flat surface, and anisotropic wetting properties were obtained due to the obvious directional textural features.     

Texture Shape Optimization for Seal-Like Parallel Surfaces: Theory and Experiment

The geometric shape of surface textures has a major influence on the tribological performance of textured surfaces. This study aims to improve the tribological performance of seal-like specimens with a circular ring configuration by introducing novel texture geometries that generate the highest load-carrying capacity (LCC). A numerical optimization approach is presented to determine the optimum texture shapes for a ring geometry with different constraints on the textured area. The results show that the optimum textures of different area ratios (ARs) have similar chevron shapes with flat fronts. Also presented are the tribological test results of the optimum texture shape (AR = 20%) and their comparison with three regular shapes. It is found that the optimum texture shape provides the lowest friction coefficient under different test conditions.