STUDY ON THE COAL-ROCK INTERFACE RECOGNITION METHOD BASED ON MULTI-SENSOR DATA FUSION TECHNIQUE

The coal-rock interface recognition method based on multi-sensor data fusion technique is put forward because of the localization of single type sensor recognition method. The measuring theory based on multi-sensor data fusion technique is analyzed, and hereby the test platform of recognition system is manufactured. The advantage of data fusion with the fuzzy neural network (FNN) technique has been probed. The two-level FNN is constructed and data fusion is carried out. The experiments show that in various conditions the method can always acquire a much higher recognition rate than normal ones.     

Structural Surface Crack Monitoring Method Based on Electrical Potential Technique and Modern Surface Technology

Crack monitoring plays a great role in modern structural health monitoring, however, most of the conventional crack inspections have disadvantages in terms of the accuracy, expense, reliability, durability and level of instrumentation required. Thus, development of a simple and reliable crack inspection technique that allows continuous monitoring has been desired. In this paper, electrical potential technique and modern surface technology are employed together to develop a new structural surface crack monitoring method. A special crack monitoring coating sensor based on electrical potential technique was deposited on the hot spot of the structure by modern surface technology. The sensor consists of three layers: the isolated layer, the sensing layer and the protective layer. The isolated layer is prepared by anodic oxidation technology, the sensing layer is made of ion plated copper, and the protective layer is made of silicone. The thickness of each layer is at micrometer magnitude. The electrical conductivity of the sensor is very stable, and the fatigue performance of the specimen with or without coating sensor is nearly unchanged. The crack monitoring experiment result shows that there are two sudden rises of the coating sensor electrical potential values, corresponding to different stages of the crack initiation and propagation. Since the width of the surface coating sensor is only 0.5 mm, this crack monitoring sensor can detect the propagation of cracks less than 0.5 mm long. The method proposed takes the simplicity of electrical potential technique and can monitor surface crack of nearly all kinds of structures precisely. The results of this paper may form the basis of a new crack monitoring system.     

Research and Application of MEMS Technique at BSRF

LIGA technique has been developed since 1993 at BSRF, including the fabrication of LIGA mask, deep X-ray lithography, electroplating, the pouring molding and the applications in some fields. The LIGA mask with gold absorbing structures of 20μm thickness and 5μm width and Kapton membrane of around 5μm thickness has been successfully fabricated and applied to the deep X-ray lithography with the PMMA structure of 1mm thickness or above. The beamline from a wiggler is used for the deep X-ray lithography of LIGA station and is open to other institutes researching the deep X-ray lithography. The normal process of LIGA technique with the exception of molding has been established with the PMMA structures of 500μm thickness at BSRF. The largest aspect ratio of PMMA structures can reach about 50 with the height of 500μm and the lateral size of 10μm. The nickel and copper structures with the thickness of 0.5mm and 1mm have been made by using the electroplating technique. The SU8 as a resist material of deep etch lithography with UV light is also developed in the fabrication of LIGA mask and some devices at BSRF. Electromagnetic stepping micro motor, heat exchange, accelerator, structures used in the EDM (electro discharge machining) are being developed for the future applications.     

Development of Evaluation Technique of GMAW Welding Quality Based on Statistical Analysis

Nondestructive techniques for appraising gas metal arc welding（GMAW） faults plays a very important role in on-line quality controllability and prediction of the GMAW process. On-line welding quality controllability and prediction have several disadvantages such as high cost, low efficiency, complication and greatly being affected by the environment. An enhanced, efficient evaluation technique for evaluating welding faults based on Mahalanobis distance（MD） and normal distribution is presented. In addition, a new piece of equipment, designated the weld quality tester（WQT）, is developed based on the proposed evaluation technique. MD is superior to other multidimensional distances such as Euclidean distance because the covariance matrix used for calculating MD takes into account correlations in the data and scaling. The values of MD obtained from welding current and arc voltage are assumed to follow a normal distribution. The normal distribution has two parameters： the meanm and standard deviations of the data. In the proposed evaluation technique used by the WQT, values of MD located in the range from zero tom＋3s are regarded as “good”. Two experiments which involve changing the flow of shielding gas and smearing paint on the surface of the substrate are conducted in order to verify the sensitivity of the proposed evaluation technique and the feasibility of using WQT. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness of the WQT for evaluating welding quality. The proposed technique can be applied to implement the on-line welding quality controllability and prediction, which is of great importance to design some novel equipment for weld quality detection.     

ALGORITHM FOR SPHERICITY ERROR AND THE NUMBER OF MEASURED POINTS

The data processing technique and the method determining the optimal number of measured points are studied aiming at the sphericity error measured on a coordinate measurement machine (CMM). The consummate criterion for the minimum zone of spherical surface is analyzed first, and then an approximation technique searching for the minimum sphericity error from the form data is studied. In order to obtain the minimum zone of spherical surface, the radial separation is reduced gradually by moving the center of the concentric spheres along certain directions with certain steps. Therefore the algorithm is precise and efficient. After the appropriate mathematical model for the approximation technique is created, a data processing program is developed accordingly. By processing the metrical data with the developed program, the spherical errors are evaluated when different numbers of measured points are taken from the same sample, and then the corresponding scatter diagram and fit curve for the sample are graphically represented. The optima! number of measured points is determined through regression analysis. Experiment shows that both the data processing technique and the method for determining the optimal number of measured points are effective. On average, the obtained sphericity error is 5.78μm smaller than the least square solution, whose accuracy is increased by 8.63%; The obtained optimal number of measured points is half of the number usually measured.     

PRESSURE FORCE CONTROL FOR FABRICATION OF PLASTIC MICROFLUIDIC CHIPS WITH HOT EMBOSSING METHOD

A pressure force control system for hot embossing of microfluidic chips is designed with a moment motor and a ball bearing lead screw. Based on the numeric PID technique, the algorithm of pulsant integral accelerated PID control is presented and the negative effects of nonlinearity from friction, clearance and saturation are eliminated. In order to improve the quick-response characteristic, independent thread technique is adopted. The method of pressure force control based on pulsant integral accelerated PID control and independent thread technique is applied with satisfactory control performance.     

MODELING AND COMPENSATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE GEOMETRIC ERRORS OF FIVE－AXIS CNC MACHINE TOOLS

One of the important trends in precision machining is the development of real-time error compensation technique. The error compensation for multi-axis CNC machine tools is very difficult and attractive. The modeling for the geometric error of five-axis CNC machine tools based on multi-body systems is proposed. And the key technique of the compensation-identifying geometric error parameters-is developed. The simulation of cutting workpiece to verify the modeling based on the multi-body systems is also considered.     

RESEARCH ＆ DESIGN OF 60 kW SOFT-SWITCHING PLASMA CONVERTER

A novel 60 kW plasma converter with full range soft-switch by utilizing magnetizing inductance, leakage inductance and distributed inductance is introduced. The current injection phase-shifting technique is introduced into the research of soft-switching plasma converter successfully. The magnetic bias of transformer and the protection of switching parts are solved. The tests state that the power supply has excellent characteristics and higher efficiency and can meet the demand of large power plasma process well.     

Effect of Supersonic Fine Particles Bombarding on the Service Life of Thermal Barrier Coating

Thermally Grown Oxide(TGO) is a dominating component in controlling the effectiveness of thermal barrier coating.During the growth of TGO,whether we could homogeneously distribute Al atom on the TGO and the intermediate metal layer will be the key factor in forming TGO with continuous,uniform and single-ingredient(Al2O3).In this experiment,we bombarded particles on to the metallic bound layer.We studied the influence of supersonic particle bombardment on the diffusion of Al.We hope to control the growth of TGO by monitoring the diffusion of Al.Thermal barrier coating(TBC),which consists of a NiCoCrAlY bond coat and a ZrO2-8Y2O3(wt.%) topcoat(TC),is fabricated on the nickel-base superalloy by air plasma spray(APS).NiCoCrAlY bond coat is treated by supersonic fine particles bombarding(SFPB).The morphology,oxidation behavior of TBC and phase are characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectromrter(EDS) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The influence of supersonic fine particles bombarding technique on the service life of thermal barrier coating is studied.The results show that SFPB technique improves the flaw of excessive surface undulation in the as-sprayed bond coat.A continuous,uniform and single-ingredient(Al2O3) TGO can quickly form in the SFPB TBC during high temperature oxidation process.The thickening of TGO is relatively slow.These will effectively suppress the formation of other non-protective oxides.Therefore,SFPB technique reduces the growth stress level generated by the continuous growth of TGO,and also avoids the stress concentration induced by formation of the large particle spinal oxide.Thermal barrier coating still remains well after 350 thermal cycles.The service life of TBC is improved.The proposed research provides theoretical basis and technical references to further improve and enhance the SFPB technique.     

Electro-Mechanical Phase Shifters Based on MEMS Structure

The aim of the study of phase shifter on MEMS （micro-electro-mechanical systems） structures was to minimize the dimensions of the design achievement. Also, the main task was to achieve the reliability and durability of the device. The calculation was based on the optimization technique （step by step） and the modeling of individual parts of the device, namely MEMS-keys that perform the main function--switching. The urgency of this problem is the development and study of one device as a universal, that is, automatically switches from two signals simultaneously. Designs are original and devises are the intellectual property of the authors. The program for modeling phase shifters Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio and its results are presented in the paper.     

质谱检测技术及其一些最新进展

质谱作为一种重要的分析技术,被广泛应用于物理、化学、材料学、生物学、医学等领域.质谱技术包括：离子化技术、离子的质量分析技术、离子检测技术.相对于离子化技术和质量分析技术,科研工作者对离子检测技术关注较少,本文拟对离子检测技术近年来取得的进展进行评述,以便引起相关工作者对离子检测技术的重视.     

微波无损检测技术及应用

微波无损检测技术宾些年来发展迅速，应用范围越来越广，但在火力发电厂的应用为数不多。文中介绍了微波无损检测的原理、特点、方法。通过与超声波无损检测技术，核辐射无损检测技术的比，指出了微波无损检测技术的独到之处。介绍了微波无损检测技术的应用场合，并对其在火电厂中的应用情况举例加以说明。最后阐述了微波无损检测技术的现状及发展趋势。     

虚拟装配技术研究概述

虚拟装配(Virtual Assembly，VA)技术是CAD领域研究的关键技术之一。虚拟装配技术是以信息和知识集成为基础的一种新的虚拟制造理论。本文就其研究状况、概念、方法及关键技术作了简要介绍。     

A new 2D error separation technique for performance tests of CNC machine tools

The error separation technique is widely adopted for many machine tool performance tests. The most common applications include roughness measurement, straightness measurement and spindle measurement. In this paper, two error-separation technologies, the straightness reversal technique and the semi-reversal technique, are developed. The straightness reversal technique can be adopted for the straightness measurement of a linear axis. The semi-reversal technique can be adopted for setting error separation in a contouring test and in the spindle error measurement. In this paper, mathematical models have been developed. In order to verify the possibility of the semi-reversal technique, related experimental work has been carried out.     

微分析系统微光信号处理技术

介绍了微分析系统微光信号最常用的五种微信号处理技术,包括:傅立叶变换技术,小波变换技术,哈达玛变换技术,互相关技术和锁相放大技术.综述了这些技术在微分析领域中的应用及发展.     

利用Automation技术开发CAD系统

Automation技术是在COM技术基础上发展而来的 ,是微软公司重要技术之一。在介绍COM技术的基础上 ,讨论了Automation技术的基本定义、优点及实现机制 ;阐述了利用Automation技术对AutoCAD2 0 0 0进行二次开发的一般过程。最后以开发专利产品———双螺旋减速器装置CAD系统为例 ,从实例编程的角度说明了利用Automation技术进行大型工程辅助设计系统开发的思路     

汽车变速器齿轮故障诊断方法综述

对汽车变速器齿轮在不解体的情况下进行故障检测诊断技术进行了介绍,阐述了磨损残余物分析技术、振动监测技术、声发射技术、光纤传感技术以及人工神经网络诊断等各种方法的特点及优缺点,以及对故障诊断的进一步发展进行了展望。     

The use of gold markers in immunocytochemical studies of microbiological organisms: a review

Colloidal gold probes have revolutionized electron immunocytochemistry and are now used extensively for microbiological studies. The gold probes can be applied in one of several methods to gain valuable information from the sample. The pre-embedding technique, the post-embedding technique, the immunonegative stain technique, the immunoreplica technique and the immunofreeze-fracture technique, are each described and their applications in microbiology, for diagnosis, for the detection of the site of antigen synthesis in host cells, for vaccine production and for genetic engineering are reported.     

基于Pro/E的虚拟设计与制造环境的研究与开发

虚拟制造技术是多个学科领域知识的综合集成与应用，计算机仿真，建模和优化技术是虚拟制造的核心与关键技术。依据虚拟制造的思想，结合成熟的CAD/CAM产品和虚拟现实技术，构建了一个集成的虚拟设计与制造环境，讨论了各模块的功能以及系统开发的关键技术和开发环境。创建了原型系统，对虚拟制造技术的应用进行了初步探索。     

Enhancement of autoregressive model based gear tooth fault detection technique by the use of minimum entropy deconvolution filter

This paper proposes the use of the minimum entropy deconvolution (MED) technique to enhance the ability of the existing autoregressive (AR) model based filtering technique to detect localised faults in gears. The AR filter technique has been proven superior for detecting localised gear tooth faults than the traditionally used residual analysis technique. The AR filter technique is based on subtracting a regular gearmesh signal, as represented by the toothmesh harmonics and immediately adjacent sidebands, from the spectrum of a signal from one gear obtained by the synchronous signal averaging technique (SSAT). The existing AR filter technique performs well but is based on autocorrelation measurements and is thus insensitive to phase relationships which can be used to differentiate noise from impulses. The MED technique can make a use of the phase information by means of the higher-order statistical (HOS) characteristics of the signal, in particular the kurtosis, to enhance the ability to detect emerging gear tooth faults. The experimental results presented in this paper validate the superior performance of the combined AR and MED filtering techniques in detecting spalls and tooth fillet cracks in gears.