基于灰关联信息熵的SVM决策树轴承故障分类

为提高轴承故障诊断的准确率,以灰色关联理论和信息熵理论为基础,提出了基于灰关联信息熵提取属性特征的支持向量机决策树多故障分类器.该分类器可以实现对轴承的多故障类型的分类,并对轴承的各类故障进行了分类实验.验证结果表明,该方法可有效地进行故障状态识别,达到了准确进行机械系统多故障诊断的目的.     

VMD能量熵与随机森林相结合的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮故障的非线性、非稳定性特点和单个分类器在故障诊断中准确率低的问题,提出了一种基于变分模态分解(VMD)和随机森林(RF)的齿轮故障识别方法。首先,采用变分模态分解将振动信号分解成有限个本征模态函数(IMFs),并与总体平均经验模态分解对比其分解效果;其次,计算各模态函数的能量熵,将能量熵作为评判齿轮状态的标准,构建特征向量;最后,将特征向量输入随机森林进行故障分类。结果表明,与支持向量机(SVM)识别方法对比,该方法具有较强的学习能力以及较高的诊断精度。     

[设备健康管理]基于深度学习多样性特征提取与信息融合的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法

针对行星齿轮箱振动信号噪声干扰大、单一分类器泛化能力不强的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习多样性特征提取与信息融合的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法。利用多目标优化算法优化多个堆栈去噪自动编码器(SDAE)以获得多个性能优异的SDAE,并提取多样性的故障特征;采用多响应线性回归模型集成多样性故障特征实现信息融合,得到多目标集成堆栈去噪自动编码器(MO-ESDAE),最后将其应用于行星齿轮箱故障诊断。实验结果表明：该方法能有效提高故障诊断精度与稳定性,具有较强的泛化能力。     

基于支持向量机的车用燃料电池系统故障诊断

为了提高车用燃料电池系统的安全可靠性和可维护性,考虑到其大量完整的故障样本难以获取,提出了一种基于二叉树多分类器的支持向量机故障诊断方法.首先,以自主研发的60 kW车用燃料电池系统为研究对象,分析了其故障机理和特征;然后,融合15种故障征兆参数并进行归一化预处理作为支持向量机的输入,以14种典型故障作为输出,选取径向基核函数并利用粒子群优化算法对支持向量机的惩罚参数和核函数参数进行优化,利用310组样本数据对其进行训练,通过90组测试样本测试实现了其典型故障的识别;最后,将支持向量机和神经网络分别在不同训练样本数下的故障诊断性能进行了对比.仿真结果表明,支持向量机具有较好的故障正判率和泛化能力,可有效用于车用燃料电池系统的多故障诊断.     

基于XGBoost特征提取的数据驱动故障诊断方法

针对目前用于故障诊断领域的机器学习方法尚不能够充分挖掘数据中隐含故障特征信息，存在逼近精度不足的问题，提出一种基于XGBoost算法的隐含特征信息提取方法。根据故障数据与故障类型自定义XGBoost算法的损失函数，迭代构建故障分裂树；提取样本在故障树中的叶子节点位置索引向量并进行特征编码重构，得到隐含故障信息的智能化表征；基于该表征矩阵，使用SVM等机器学习算法建立故障诊断模型，实现多故障模式的识别诊断；最后，以某驱动器的故障诊断为例对方法进行了验证，结果表明：与原始特征下的故障诊断模型相比，基于XGBoost算法提取隐含特征下的诊断模型准确度更高，鲁棒性更好，同时能给出特征变量的重要性排序。     

Fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing using principal component analysis and support vector machine

To effectively extract the fault feature information of rolling bearings and improve the performance of fault diagnosis, a fault diagnosis method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine was presented, and the rolling bearings signals with different fault states were collected. To address the limitation on effectively dealing with the raw vibration signals by the traditional signal processing technology based on Fourier transform, wavelet packet decomposition was employed to extract the features of bearing faults such as outer ring flaking, inner ring flaking, roller flaking and normal condition. Compared with the previous literature on fault diagnosis using principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM), one-to-one and one-to-many algorithms were taken into account. Additionally, the effect of four kernel functions, such as liner kernel function, polynomial kernel function, radial basis function and hyperbolic tangent kernel function, on the performance of SVM classifier was investigated, and the optimal hype-parameters of SVM classifier model were determined by genetic algorithm optimization. PCA was employed for dimension reduction, so as to reduce the computational complexity. The principal components that reached more than 95 % cumulative contribution rate were extracted by PCA and were input into SVM and BP neural network classifiers for identification. Results show that the fault feature dimensionality of the rolling bearing is reduced from 8-dimensions to 5-dimensions, which can still characterize the bearing status effectively, and the computational complexity is reduced as well. Compared with the raw feature set, PCA has a higher fault diagnosis accuracy (more than 97 %), and a shorter diagnosis time relatively. To better verify the superiority of the proposed method, SVM classification results were compared with the results of BP neural network. It is concluded that SVM classifier achieved a better performance than BP neural network classifier in terms of the classification accuracy and time-cost.     

Feature extraction using wavelets and classification through decision tree algorithm for fault diagnosis of mono-block centrifugal pump

Monoblock centrifugal pumps are employed in variety of critical engineering applications. Continuous monitoring of such machines becomes essential in order to reduce the unnecessary break downs. Vibration based approaches are widely used to carry out the condition monitoring tasks. Decision tree, fuzzy logic, support vector machine and artificial neural networks are some of the classification algorithms employed for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. In the present study, fault discriminating capability of wavelets in its continuous form with the application of J48 algorithm is analyzed. Vibration signals are extracted from the experimental setup. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is calculated for different families and at different levels which form the feature set. The features are then fed as an input to the classifier (J48 algorithm, a WEKA implementation) and the classification accuracies are calculated. Then, the results are validated to find classification capability of CWT features for monoblock centrifugal pump. The different faults considered for this study are cavitation (CAV), impeller fault, bearing fault (FB) and both bearing and impeller fault.     

改进的布谷鸟算法优化极限学习机的石化轴承故障分类

针对通用的智能故障诊断方法在石化滚动轴承中准确率不理想的问题,提出一种通过改进的布谷鸟算法( CS )优化极限学习机( ELM )使诊断准确率提高的模型。将实测轴承振动信号降噪处理,计算不同嵌入维度下的关联维数作为 ELM 的输入信号;通过改进的布谷鸟算法获取极限学习机最优的隐含层偏置、输入权重,最后输出诊断结果。经过实验证明,该方法可以有效地克服测量信号时的干扰,可以对不同故障下的滚动轴承准确识别,并与多种模型对比,该方法的故障诊断准确率为 97.5% 。     

基于模糊分类的流体管道泄漏故障智能检测方法研究

本文针对基于负压波法管道泄漏实时检测系统误报高和灵敏度低的问题提出一种流体管道泄漏故障智能检测方法,该方法首先给出管道运行参数的确定模型,然后结合模糊算子给出流体管道状态模糊模型,进而利用该模型实现管道故障分类.以这种智能检测方法为核心设计流体管道故泄漏故障智能诊断系统(leak intelligent diagnosis system for fluid pipeline,LIDSFP),通过对某成品油管道实例仿真和在流体管道测试系统上的试验研究,给出了LIDSFP性能指标,进一步分析表明该系统可以有效完成流体管道的泄漏故障诊断.     

Application of higher order spectral features and support vector machines for bearing faults classification

Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings timely and accurately are very important to ensure the reliability of rotating machinery. This paper presents a novel pattern classification approach for bearings diagnostics, which combines the higher order spectra analysis features and support vector machine classifier. The use of non-linear features motivated by the higher order spectra has been reported to be a promising approach to analyze the non-linear and non-Gaussian characteristics of the mechanical vibration signals. The vibration bi-spectrum (third order spectrum) patterns are extracted as the feature vectors presenting different bearing faults. The extracted bi-spectrum features are subjected to principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction. These principal components were fed to support vector machine to distinguish four kinds of bearing faults covering different levels of severity for each fault type, which were measured in the experimental test bench running under different working conditions. In order to find the optimal parameters for the multi-class support vector machine model, a grid-search method in combination with 10-fold cross-validation has been used. Based on the correct classification of bearing patterns in the test set, in each fold the performance measures are computed. The average of these performance measures is computed to report the overall performance of the support vector machine classifier. In addition, in fault detection problems, the performance of a detection algorithm usually depends on the trade-off between robustness and sensitivity. The sensitivity and robustness of the proposed method are explored by running a series of experiments. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve made the results more convincing. The results indicated that the proposed method can reliably identify different fault patterns of rolling element bearings based on vibration signals.