考虑磁场区影响的电控永磁压边方法

电控永磁压边方法具有独立加载、传动链短、节能、易于控制等优点。针对铁磁性板材成形,提出了一种新的成形区和磁场区重合的电控永磁压边方法。以圆筒形件的拉深成形为例,采用新设计的压边装置对不同压边力加载条件下的结构变形进行了磁-力耦合有限元模拟,分析了板坯磁性对磁场和压边力分布的影响。由分析结果可知,新设计的压边力加载装置的刚度明显提高,新压边方法具有更好的压边效果,模具结构更紧凑。根据模拟和理论分析结果设计制作了拉深试验装置。实验结果表明,将成形区和磁场区重合的电控永磁压边方法是完全可行的。     

基于分区压边技术的铝合金方盒形件拉深技术研究

提出了一种适用于盒型件等非轴对称结构的径向分区压边方法，可对法兰不同径向区域独立加载压边力。首先，采用理论方法建立了法兰区皱纹模型，并推导出相对于传统压边方法，新方法只需要更小的压边力即可以抑制起皱，初步验证了径向分区压边方法的理论可行性。然后，采用有限元方法对成形效果进行了数值模拟。结果表明，径向分块压边圈对控制材料的流动更有效，可有效地抑制起皱并且提高成形极限。最后进行了板材拉深成形实验。同样施加5.9 kN的压边力，径向分区压边方法作用下的盒型件具有更好的成形效果，验证了所提出的新压边方法用于板材成形是切实可行的。     

新型电磁压边拉深模具的设计与仿真

提出了一种新型电磁压边薄板拉深模具,压边力由电磁力替代了传统的液压力或机械压力。建立了电磁力与压边力的数学关系,提出了励磁电流的控制方法,为得到电磁压边系统中电磁力的分布情况,运用ANSYS/Multiphysics软件进行了数值模拟。根据电磁压边装置及传统压边装置的压边力特点,建立了3条变压边力曲线,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对筒形件拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟,证明电磁压边拉深模具可以较好地抑制拉深过程中的起皱与减薄。     

汽车横梁拉深成形的有限元分析

建立了汽车横梁拉深的有限元三维模型，对其拉深成形过程进行了数值模拟，并与实验结果对比分析，说明数值模拟方法的可行性。在此基础上讨论了摩擦润滑条件、压边力和凸模的虚拟冲压速度对板料拉深过程的影响。通过有限元模拟分析方法得到最佳压边力数值，然后通过综合分析数值模拟结果和拉深实验结果确定了实际拉深过程中的最佳压边力。结果表明，在实际拉深过程中要尽量减小模具和板料的摩擦；在模拟拉深成形时，当虚拟冲压速度大于一定值时，会使模拟结果严重失真，因此，汽车横梁拉深数值模拟时最大虚拟冲压速度不要大于2000mm／s。     

板料拉深成形数值模拟的关键技术

本文探讨了板料拉深成形数值模拟中的几何建模、单元类型选择、关键算法等几个关键技术问题 ,并介绍了用ANSYS软件进行板料拉深成形过程数值模拟所采用的方法和技巧 ,并提出按优化压力曲线施加压边力来优化板料拉深成形的方法。     

三角冲压件的压边力成形仿真分析

建立了三角冲压件的有限元模型,利用DYNAFORM软件,采用数值模拟的方法研究了三角形冲压件拉深时,压边力随时间及位置变化对成形性能的影响.基于不同的压边力加载模式,对成形极限进行了仿真分析.分析结果表明,对于不同的压边力模式,拉深成形性能完全不同,合理的压边力能改善板材的成形性能.     

半球形件拉深压边力数值模拟与优化

针对半球形零件,利用有限元分析软件Dynaform研究了不同恒定压边力对拉深件成形质量的影响,确定了压边力的安全区域。采用6条变压边力控制曲线分别进行模拟。结果表明：采用开口向上的抛物线形变压边力控制曲线,半球形件的质量最好,厚度分布比较均匀,最大增厚率和减薄率分别为22.4%和12.2%。采用数值模拟得到的结果对半球形件拉深的实际生产有一定的指导作用。     

径向分块双压边圈轴对称拉深成形工艺研究

为提高板材拉深成形的成形极限并获得更好的压边效果,提出了轴对称拉深成形工艺的径向分块压边方法。采用理论分析、有限元模拟以及实验研究的方法,对圆筒形零件分别在双压边圈和整体压边圈作用下的拉深成形过程进行了分析研究。研究结果表明,与传统压边方法相比,采用径向分块压边方法可以对径向不同变形质点分别压边,有效提高拉深成形极限,并获得更好的压边效果。     

拉深孔成形的工艺参数优化与实验研究

为了探讨拉深孔成形技术对提高板料成形性能的有效性，以圆筒形件为研究对象，研究了拉深孔成形条件下的成形性能。采用数值模拟、人工神经网络和遗传算法进行板材成形工艺参数优化，得到了最优化的压边力和拉深孔相对密度等拉深工艺参数。根据优化后的结果设计并完成了相关的工艺实验，取得了与有限元模拟相一致的结果，证明了拉深孔成形技术是一种提高板材成形性能的行之有效的方法。     

混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深

为抑制液体内向流动动态充液拉深中凸缘增厚而造成的拉深阻力急剧增长,提出混合压边液体内向流动动态充液拉深新方法。对定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式实质进行分析,采用有限元研究混合压边方式下压边间隙、压边力以及径向压力的变化对成形过程的影响。研究结果表明:定间隙下设定恒定压边力的混合压边充液拉深压边形式的实质是设定压边间隙和设定压边力压边方式的混合;采用混合压边方式可以降低实际最大压边力,降低凸缘区的摩擦阻力,减少第二个谷底点的减薄率;压边力影响零件直壁部分壁厚分布,较大的压边力得到的零件直壁壁厚较薄;压边间隙的变化影响成形零件直壁壁厚分布,较小的压边间隙成形零件直壁较薄,第二个谷底点越接近零件底部。     

MULTIPOINT BLANK HOLDER FORCE CONTROL IN HYDROFORMING OF FUEL TANK

The study of multipoint blank holder force(BHF) control is carried out for hydroforming a complicated shape motorcycle fuel tank. By finite element method (FEM) simulation, the configuration of multipoint blank holder cylinders and the setting of local BHF are optimized, and the influences of the multipoint BHF on the hydromechanical deep drawing and conventional hydroforming processes are studied. The desired fluid pressure and whole BHF are predicted for hydromechanical deep drawing process. Finally, simulation results are testified by forming experiment, and they are in agreement very well.     

Experimental and finite element investigation on wrinkling of circular single layer and two-layer sheet metals in deep drawing process

This paper deals with the comparison of wrinkling behavior of both single and two-layer sheets in the deep drawing process. Unfortunately, due to the significant difference in the material properties of the two layers, it is very challenging for the finite element method to predict the location and relative possibility of wrinkling in the multilayer sheets. Blank holder force (BHF) has a significant effect on the failure mode of sheet metals. By decreasing BHF, wrinkling turns out as the principal failure mode, whereas its increase results in splitting and fracture. Thus, this paper investigates the effect of blank holder forces on wrinkling and fractures in drawing process of single and two layers. Moreover, the effect of material and arrangement of layers on wrinkling, fracture, and required deformation forces in the cylindrical deep drawing will be discussed. Results show that the optimum blank holder force for two-layer sheets is affected by the material and arrangements of lay-ups.     

基于变压边力控制的非轴对称拉深成形数值模拟与优化

在给定合理毛坯形状、拉延筋与凹模渐变圆角条件下,分别在定常、递减、峰形、谷形压边力加载模式下,对汽车车灯反射镜拉深进行了数值模拟。结果表明:谷形压边力加载模式可使工件减薄率小于13.45%,适合该拉深工序;利用数值模拟结果和神经网络方法优化获得最优压边力加载曲线,该曲线可用于拉深中压边力的准确控制。     

圆筒件拉深过程中压边力的研究

利用恒定压边力经验公式计算得到的压边力值进行模拟时,圆筒件质量存在明显的缺陷。采用变压边力优化曲线作为圆筒件拉深成形的压边力加载模式,研究了临界防皱变压边力曲线的确定方法,应用Dynaform软件对恒定压边力、优化压边力下圆筒件的拉深成形进行了数值模拟,得出了成形极限图(FLD)和材料厚度变化图。将模拟结果进行对比分析,发现在后者作用下的圆筒件平面外缘厚度变化较小,筒壁等其他部分的材料厚度变化率也较小,采用优化压边力可有效防止圆筒件起皱、拉裂现象,提高圆筒件成形质量。     

数值模拟的双层金属板拉深成形工艺研究

某轿车排气歧管保护罩采用双层镀铝钢板同步拉深工艺制成,为获得最佳成形工艺参数,避免拉深时产生严重减薄及起皱现象,采用Dynaform软件对双层金属板同步拉深成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟,分析了压边力对拉深成形过程的影响,获得了不同压边力下保护罩内、外层板的壁厚减薄与增厚分布规律。结果表明,与单层板拉深成形相似,对于复杂型面双层金属板拉深件而言,单纯增加压边力并不能完全避免拉深过程中的起皱现象;采用压边力及合理布置拉深筋,可以保证内、外层板材料塑性流动均匀,有效抑制起皱、拉裂等缺陷。根据数值模拟结果进行了产品试制,获得了质量合格的拉深件。     

A closed-loop type algorithm for determination of variable blank holder force trajectory and its application to square cup deep drawing

In deep drawing, a low blank holder force (BHF) can cause wrinkling, while a high BHF can lead to tearing. Thus, it is important to determine the appropriate BHF to be utilized in the forming process. In this study, a variable blank holder force (VBHF) approach to deep drawing is employed, and a simple closed-loop type algorithm is developed to obtain the VBHF trajectory. The proposed algorithm is divided into two phases. The objective of the first phase is to check wrinkling and tearing. In this phase, a low BHF, which is the cause of wrinkling, is used as the initial BHF; it is then increased to prevent wrinkling. The algorithm is terminated when tearing occurs. In a numerical simulation, the distance between the die and the blank holder is used to measure wrinkling. On the other hand, the thickness of the blank is used to determine the tearing. Next, in the second phase, the deviations in thickness are examined. Wrinkles are also checked in the second phase. By iterating the above two phases, the VBHF trajectory can be obtained. One of the advantages of the VBHF is that it reduces the forming energy. The validity of the proposed algorithm is examined through both a numerical simulation and experiment.     

圆锥形件拉深过程中变压边力的研究

起皱和断裂是板料成形过程的主要失效模式，合理控制成形过程中的压边力，可以消除这些缺陷，提高成形性能。本文以圆锥形件的成形为例，采用Dynaform软件对变压边力控制的成形工艺进行了数值模拟计算，得到了最佳压边力变化曲线。本文还对模拟结果进行了实验验证。结果表明，变压边力拉深工艺能够极大提高板料的极限拉深高度。     

A hybrid NN-FE approach to adjust blank holder gap over punch stroke in deep drawing process

In deep drawing process, the blank holder plays a key role in adjustment of metal flow into the die cavity. Moreover, the quality of drawn parts is extremely affected by this flow. There are two methods of treating the blank holder in deep drawing and its simulation. One is blank holder force (BHF) and the other is blank holder gap (BHG), defined as the fixed distance between the blank holder and the die surface. In previous studies, a large number of experimental techniques have been used to study BHF; however, the amount of theoretical and numerical simulation work to study BHG is insufficient. In the present study, the concept of BHG profile, i.e., variation of BHG over punch stroke is introduced and it is shown that a properly selected BHG profile can improve the section thickness of formed part and result in the drawing of deeper parts. Here, two methods for the optimization of BHG profile are devised, i.e., the local optimization and the global optimization methods. In the first approach, the best BHG in each punch step is determined and finally, the local optimized BHG profile is achieved. In the second method, however, the empirical model for the prediction of final minimum section thickness in terms of BHG profile is obtained using design of experiments and neural networks. In the next stage, the proposed model is implanted into a simulated annealing optimization procedure to identify a proper BHG profile that can produce the desired blank thickness. Afterward, the BHG profile approach is applied to a variety of initial thicknesses, blank diameters, and materials in order to examine the robustness of method. In this paper, ABAQUS finite element package is used to gather finite element (FE) data and several experiments are performed to verify the FE results.