瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪

提出了基于瞬时频率估计的齿轮箱升降速信号阶次跟踪的新方法。首先对振动信号进行经验模态分解得到信号的固有模态函数，再求各个固有模态函数的Hilbert变换，得到信号的瞬时频率，从而直接从振动信号得到参考轴的转速信号，然后根据参考轴的转速信号对时域振动信号进行等角度重采样，最后对重采样信号进行阶次分析。通过仿真信号和对齿轮磨损故障实验信号的分析，表明该方法能有效地诊断齿轮的故障。     

Bearing fault detection and diagnosis based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform

The vibration signal of the run-up or run-down process is more complex than that of the stationary process. A novel approach to fault diagnosis of roller bearing under run-up condition based on order tracking and Teager-Huang transform (THT) is presented. This method is based on order tracking, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Teager Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) technique. The nonstationary vibration signals are transformed from the time domain transient signal to angle domain stationary one using order tracking. EMD can adaptively decompose the vibration signal into a series of zero mean amplitude modulation-frequency modulation (AM-FM) intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). TKEO can track the instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of the AM-FM component at any instant. Experimental examples are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results provide strong evidence that the performance of the Teager-Huang transform approach is better to that of the Hilbert-Huang transform approach for bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The Teager-Huang transform has better resolution than that of Hilbert-Huang transform. Teager-Huang transform can effectively diagnose the faults of the bearing, thus providing a viable processing tool for gearbox defect monitoring.     

Hilbert-Huang变换及其在纱线故障诊断中的应用

阐述了Hilbert-Huang 变换的基本原理,以实际的纱线信号为例,通过经验模态分解(EMD)将纱线信号分解成有限个固有模态函数(IMF),并求得纱线信号的Hilbert谱.结合分析纱线信号的波谱图和Hilbert谱图,判断出故障产生的原因.     

应用Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮磨损故障诊断研究

提出了一种基于H ilbert-Huang变换的齿轮磨损故障诊断的新方法。H ilbert-Huang变换是先把时间序列信号,用经验模态分解方法分解成不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数,然后经过H ilbert变换获得频谱的信号处理新方法。介绍了该方法的基本原理,并将H ilbert-Huang变换应用于齿轮箱中齿轮磨损故障诊断的研究,通过选取表征齿轮磨损故障的IM F分量进行边际谱和能量谱分析,就可提取齿轮故障振动信号的特征。齿轮故障实验信号的研究结果表明,H ilbert-Huang变换时频分析方法,能有效地诊断齿轮的磨损故障。     

基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪的研究

本文介绍了希尔伯特-黄变换（HHT）的原理，首先通过经验模态分解（EMD），信号被分解成一系列固有模态函数（IMF），再通过Hilbert变换得到每个IMF的瞬时频率（IF）和瞬时幅值函数，最终得到原始信号的IF分布和Hilbert谱。Hilbert谱是信号的时间-频率-能量分布。为使HHT能有效分析非平稳信号，引入了改进HHT的方法，即在HHT过程中，将小波包变换（WPT）作为预处理器，外加IMF的筛选。采用虚拟仪器开发技术研制了一台基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪。最后以HHT去噪为例，介绍了基于HHT的非平稳信号分析仪的应用。     

Wear detection in gear system using Hilbert-Huang transform

Fourier methods are not generally an appropriate approach in the investigation of faults signals with transient components. This work presents the application of a new signal processing technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform and its marginal spectrum, in analysis of vibration signals and faults diagnosis of gear. The Empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum are introduced. Firstly, the vibration signals are separated into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using EMD. Then the marginal spectrum of each IMF can be obtained. According to the marginal spectrum, the wear fault of the gear can be detected and faults patterns can be identified. The results show that the proposed method may provide not only an increase in the spectral resolution but also reliability for the faults diagnosis of the gear.     

基于经验模态分解的瞬时相位分析方法的应用

提出了基于经验模态分解的瞬时相位分析的新方法。通过对振动信号作经验模态分解得到信号的固有模态函数，再求出各个固有模态函数的Hilbert变换，得到信号的瞬时相位．通过瞬时相位的傅里叶分析就可提取信号特征。介绍了该方法的基本原理，并应用于齿轮箱轴承的故障诊断研究，通过选取表征轴承故障的固有模态函数进行瞬时相位和傅里叶分析，就可提取轴承故障振动信号的特征。通过对轴承故障实验信号的分析．表明该方法能有效地诊断轴承的故障。     

基于支持矢量回归机的Hilbert-Huang变换端点效应问题的处理方法

Hilbert-Huang变换的端点效应表现在两个方面,对信号进行经验模态分解(Empirical mode decomposition, EMD)和对各个内禀模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)进行Hilbert变换时都会产生端点效应。为了克服 Hilbert-Huang变换中的端点效应,采用支持矢量回归机对信号延拓后再进行经验模态分解,该方法可以有效地克服EMD方法的端点效应问题,得到具有物理意义的内禀模态函数;然后再次采用支持矢量回归机对IMF分量进行延拓后进行Hilbert变换,可有效地抑制Hilbert变换中的端点效应,获得准确的瞬时频率和瞬时幅值,从而得到具有物理意义的Hilbert谱。对仿真和实际信号的分析结果表明,基于支持矢量回归机的数据序列延拓方法能有效地解决Hilbert-Huang变换中存在的端点效应问题,而且其效果优于基于神经网络的数据序列延拓方法。     

Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis methods in biomedical signal applications

Hilbert-Huang transformation, wavelet transformation, and Fourier transformation are the principal time-frequency analysis methods. These transformations can be used to discuss the frequency characteristics of linear and stationary signals, the time-frequency features of linear and non-stationary signals, the time-frequency features of non-linear and non-stationary signals, respectively. The Hilbert-Huang transformation is a combination of empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis. The empirical mode decomposition uses the characteristics of signals to adaptively decompose them to several intrinsic mode functions. Hilbert transforms are then used to transform the intrinsic mode functions into instantaneous frequencies, to obtain the signal's time-frequency-energy distributions and features. Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis can be applied to natural physical signals such as earthquake waves, winds, ocean acoustic signals, mechanical diagnosis signals, and biomedical signals. In previous studies, we examined Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis of the electroencephalogram FPI signals of clinical alcoholics, and 'sharp I' wave-based Hilbert-Huang transformation time-frequency features. In this paper, we discuss the application of Hilbert-Huang transformation-based time-frequency analysis to biomedical signals, such as electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram signals, electrogastrogram recordings, and speech signals.     

Hilbert-Huang transform and marginal spectrum for detection and diagnosis of localized defects in roller bearings

This work presents the application of a new signal processing technique, the Hilbert-Huang transform and its marginal spectrum, in analysis of vibration signals and fault diagnosis of roller bearings. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) and marginal spectrum are introduced. First, the vibration signals are separated into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by using EMD. Then the marginal spectrum of each IMF can be obtained. According to the marginal spectrum, the localized fault in a roller bearing can be detected and fault patterns can be identified. The experimental results show that the proposed method may provide not only an increase in the spectral resolution but also reliability for the fault detection and diagnosis of roller bearings. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seong-Wook Hong Hui Li received his B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Hebei Polytechnic University, Hebei, China, in 1991. He received his M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Harbin University of Science and Technology, Hei-longjiang, China, in 1994. He re-ceived his PhD degree from the School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, in 2003. He is currently a professor in mechanical engineering at Shijiazhuang Institute of Railway Technology, China. His research and teaching interests include hybrid driven mechanism, kinematics and dynamics of machinery, mechatronics, CAD/CAPP, signal processing for machine health monitoring, diagnosis and prognosis.