长短叶片叶轮双吸离心泵径向力数值仿真

将1200S56型单级双吸离心泵原型叶轮改型为长短叶片复合叶轮,以该改型双吸长短叶片复合叶轮离心泵为研究对象,基于CFD理论对该离心泵内部流场进行数值仿真。通过改变边界条件获得不同工况下叶轮出口与蜗壳耦合面的静压、速度分布。采用叶轮出口压力法分析该离心泵在不同工况下的径向力,并与原型叶轮离心泵径向力分析结果对比。结果表明:采用长短叶片复合叶轮使叶轮出口的静压力及绝对速度变大,增加了离心泵的扬程,有效的提高了泵的整体水力性能;短叶片的增加使该泵径向力的最小值点向大流量偏移,出现在1.2倍额定流量工况,最小值由原型叶轮的5574N减小到1494N;采用长短叶片复合叶轮改善了泵在大流量工况下的径向受力情况。     

不同叶片包角对螺旋形单蜗壳离心泵叶轮径向力特性的影响

为研究叶片包角对螺旋形单蜗壳单级单吸离心泵叶轮径向力特性的影响,应用CFD软件对某模型泵内部流场进行了数值计算,在保证蜗壳和其他叶轮几何参数不变的前提下,设计了3种叶片包角分别为110°、120°、130°的叶轮,模拟得到不同工况下叶轮所受径向力分布特性,并用外特性试验验证了数值模拟的可靠性。结果表明:设计工况下,作用在叶轮上的径向力最小,0.4 Q下的径向力最大,且脉动幅值最大;叶片包角对叶轮所受径向力影响较大,以在额定工况下运行为例,叶片包角取130°时,径向力脉动最为紊乱,叶片包角取110°时,径向力脉动幅值较大;整体来看,叶片包角120°的方案性能最优。该研究可为低振动离心泵的水力优化设计、增强泵的运行稳定性提供参考。     

吸水室隔板对低比转速离心泵非定常特性影响

为了研究离心泵吸水室内置隔板对低比速离心泵内部非定常特性的影响。采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法,基于标准k-ε湍流模型和滑移网格模型,分别对吸水室有无内置隔板的低比转速离心泵进行三维全流场非定常数值计算,得到了不同工况下低比转速离心泵的外特性,并对叶轮径向力和轴向力的瞬态特性以及蜗壳流道内不同位置的压力脉动特性进行了分析。结果表明,采用吸水室内置隔板对外特性的影响不显著;无论吸水室有无内置隔板,低比转速离心泵蜗壳各断面压力和叶轮径向力均呈周期性波动,脉动频率为叶频。此外,径向力大小和方向时刻都在变化,且整体变化趋势基本呈六角星形分布;与无内置隔板相比,吸水室有内置隔板时蜗壳各断面压力脉动幅值均有所减弱,作用在叶轮上的径向力幅值减小,轴向力明显减小。研究结果可为低比转速离心泵的优化设计和稳定运行提供依据。     

叶片仿鲨鱼鳍的导叶式离心泵数值仿真研究

针对导叶式离心泵内部流场流动不稳定的问题,运用仿生学技术和原理对鲨鱼鳍结构做了适当抽象处理,并运用在导叶式离心泵叶轮叶片前缘位置。对叶片仿鲨鱼鳍的导叶式离心泵内部流场进行了数值计算,研究了3个典型工况下离心泵内部流场的流动特性,得到了叶轮和导叶径向力的变化特性,进而分析了离心泵内部流场的湍动能分布规律,并进行了试验验证。研究结果表明:相比原模型,叶片仿鲨鱼鳍的导叶式离心泵改善了泵内流动特性,减小了泵内的湍动能分布;同时降低了叶轮和导叶的径向力,减弱了叶轮与导叶的动静干涉作用;仿鲨鱼鳍叶片减轻了导叶式离心泵内部流动的不稳定,明显提高了泵的扬程和效率等外特性参数。     

多级离心泵扬程预测及内部流场数值模拟

为了研究多级离心泵的性能及其内部流场分布,采用SST k-ε湍流模型对原型泵的首级、第二级及第三级叶轮进行定常和非定常数值模拟计算,分析其外特性、内部流场和压力脉动。研究表明,通过前三级叶轮的扬程能较准确地预测原型泵的扬程。不同流量工况下隔舌处均易出现低压区域,大流量工况蜗壳出口近隔舌处也易出现局部低压区和高压区,隔舌处压力梯度较大。小流量下首级叶轮近隔舌区域的压力脉动不稳定,周期性较差,频域幅值主要集中在低频率区域;对于设计流量和大流量工况,首级叶轮近隔舌区域和远离隔舌区域的压力脉动较为稳定,呈现出较明显的周期性,主频在1倍和2倍叶片通过频率处,频域幅值主要集中在叶片通过频率及其高次谐波频率处。     

诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部空化流动数值分析

为了提高诱导轮离心泵的空化性能和运行稳定性,阐明诱导轮和离心泵叶轮几何参数对空化性能的影响规律,基于空泡可压缩性影响修正的RNG k-ε模型和改进的空化模型,对诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部流场进行空化数值计算。数值结果表明:在小流量工况和额定工况下,空化性能曲线基本一致;在大流量工况下,空化特性曲线波动相对比较严重,空化性能较差。额定流量下泵蜗壳水力损失最小,小流量工况下蜗壳水力损失最大。临界汽蚀余量时,蜗壳水力损失突升。无空化条件下,随着前口环间隙值的增大,诱导轮扬程、效率和前口环间隙泄漏量增大,泵和叶轮的扬程、效率值降低,泵的空化特性曲线的稳定性变差,使诱导轮叶片出口液流角发生偏转,导致诱导轮和离心泵叶轮内部产生周期性的交变空化流。     

不同叶片出口角下离心泵压力脉动及径向力分析

在试验结果和数值模拟吻合良好的基础上,开展叶片出口角对离心泵压力脉动以及径向力影响的研究。本文以两级矿用潜水离心泵为研究对象,建立4组不同叶片出口角叶轮模型,通过数值模拟获得离心泵外特性,叶轮、导叶、蜗壳的压力脉动分布及叶轮径向力特性,并进行对比分析。结果表明:离心泵内压力脉动呈周期性,当β2=16°和20°时叶轮出口压力脉动强度较大。随着叶片出口角增大,导叶和蜗壳内压力脉动均逐渐增强,且导叶内压力脉动强度大于蜗壳,不同叶片出口角下,导叶及蜗壳内脉动主频均为叶频。叶片出口角的改变也会对叶轮径向力矢量分布产生一定影响,随着β2增大,叶轮径向力逐渐增大,且首级叶轮轴向力大于次级叶轮,蜗壳比导叶有更好地改善叶轮轴向力的作用。     

叶片包角对可逆式泵性能影响的数值研究

为了有效利用能源,将泵在透平工况下运行回收高压液体能量,是节能技术的研究方向之一。叶片包角是可逆式泵设计时的主要参数之一。以比转速72的离心泵为研究对象,分别对不同叶片包角的叶轮进行了泵和透平工况的全流场数值研究。研究结果表明:对于可逆式泵,存在最佳叶片包角使泵的效率最高。随着叶片包角的增大,泵工况下的流量扬程曲线更加陡峭,轴功率逐渐减小;透平工况下的扬程、轴功率逐渐增加,流量扬程,流量轴功率特性曲线越来越陡峭。流场分析结果表明,叶片包角的增加,有效的改善了叶轮内部流场分布,使泵内部的流场分布更加均匀,研究结果对于可逆式泵的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

基于CFD的离心泵三维内流场的数值模拟

为了研究离心泵内部流场的流动规律,基于CFD技术,应用雷诺时均N-S方程与标准k-ε湍流模型对不同工况下二级离心泵内部的三维湍流流动进行了数值模拟,并对其内部的流动状态进行了分析,得到了离心泵内部流场的压力分布规律。结果表明:随着出口流量不断增大,泵的整体压力逐渐减小,各级叶轮的压力逐渐减小,叶轮的速度值逐渐增大。在相同条件下,离心泵进口到出口的压力逐渐增大,各级叶轮中的静压值径向逐渐增大,且次级叶轮的压力值比首级叶轮的压力值大。     

叶片交错布置对双吸离心泵外特性的影响

基于RANS方程、修正后的RNG湍流模型和壁面函数法,采用CFX软件分别对交错布置和对称布置叶片的高转速低比转速双吸离心泵进行了流场为三维不可压缩湍流流场的数值模拟,计算得到了各自的性能曲线以及叶片和蜗壳内的压力和速度分布。通过对比分析可知,采用交错布置叶片能有效降低泵的轴功率,且在设计工况和大流量工况提高泵的效率,能明显改善蜗壳内部流动特性,有效减小泵内气蚀的严重程度,增强离心泵的运行稳定性。     

Numerical and experimental investigations on the hydrodynamic radial force of single-channel pumps

In order to clarify the generation mechanism and characteristics of hydrodynamic radial force in single-channel pumps, the transient flow in three single-channel pumps was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The three pumps had the identical impeller but with a spiral volute (model 1), a circular volute (model 2), and a torus (model 3). Experiments on pump performance were performed and high frequency pressure sensors were mounted in the spiral volute to measure pressure distribution in the volute of model 1. It indicates that the numerical results are approximately consistent with the experimental results. The radial force is mainly caused by the pressure acting on the blade. The impeller radial force in model 1 was the largest while the model 3 was the smallest, as it is not affected by rotor stator interaction, and rotor stator interaction plays a vital role in the shock load of pumps. The radial forces of different rotational speed were analyzed and indicated that Reynolds number has little influence on the radial force coefficient C_F. The dominant frequency of the radial force on the impeller is the rotational frequency of impeller for all rotational speeds. Moreover, the amplitude of the radial force fluctuations increased with increasing flow rate in model 2, but the change was not obvious with the increasing of flow rate in model 3, while at lower flow rate the largest amplitude of the radial force fluctuations was presented in models 1.     

Influence of Cross-Sectional Flow Area of Annular Volute Casing on Transient Characteristics of Ceramic Centrifugal Pump

The annular volute is typically used in a slurry pump to reduce the collisions between solid particles and the volute tongue and to achieve a better resistance to blocking. However, only limited studies regarding annular volutes are available, and there is no systematic design method for annular volutes. In this study, the influence of volute casing cross-sectional flow area on the hydraulic loss, pressure pulsations, and radial force under varying working conditions in a centrifugal ceramic pump are discussed in detail. Experimental tests were conducted to validate the numerical results. The results indicated that, when the volute casing flow area increases, the hydraulic performance decreases marginally under the rated working conditions, but increases at the o-design points, specifically under large flow condition. However, the volute casing with a larger flow area has a wider high-e ciency region. In addition, the increase in the volute casing flow area will decrease the pressure pulsations in the volute, regardless of the working condition, and decrease the radial force on the shaft, therefore, providing an improved pump operational stability. It is anticipated that this study will be of benefit during the design of annular volutes.     

Numerical simulation and analysis of flow characteristics in the front chamber of a centrifugal pump

We performed numerical simulations to study the flow characteristic in a centrifugal pump based on the RANS equations and the RNG k-ε turbulent model. The flow field, including the front and back pump chambers, the impeller wear-ring, the impeller passage, the volute casing, the inlet section and outlet section was calculated to obtain accurate numerical results of fluid flow in a centrifugal pump. The flow characteristic was studied from the internal flow structure in pump chambers, the radial velocity at impeller outlet as well as the pressure inside of the pump, the circumferential velocity and the radial velocity in front pump chamber. The variation of flow parameters in internal flow versus flow rate in the centrifugal pump was analyzed. The results show that the overall performance of the pump is in good agreement with the experimental data. The simulation results show that the distribution of flow field in the front pump chamber is axial asymmetry. The energy dissipation at the impeller outlet is larger than other areas. The distribution of the circumferential velocity and that of radial velocity are similar along the axial direction in the front pump chamber, but the distribution of flow is different along the circumferential and the radial directions. It was also found that the vorticity is large at the impeller inlet compared with other areas.     

流体激振力对高速泵转子振动特性的影响研究

对高速泵三维流场进行了非定常计算,分析了高速泵内的压力分布情况。研究了高速泵叶轮上的稳态径向力和脉动径向力,分析了流体激振力对高速泵叶轮系统的振动及其轴心轨迹的影响。计算结果表明:泵内部流场的压力分布合理,稳态作用力的计算符合实际数据;瞬态作用力与叶轮和隔舌的干涉流动有很大关系;在脉动激振力作用下,泵转子振动响应谱图中出现了脉动激振力的频率及其谐波频率。     

航空燃油离心泵内流特性分析

针对航空发动机燃油离心泵内流特性研究,采用雷诺平均方法和滑移网格技术,在多工况下进行数值模拟,得到了内部流场细节和压力流量曲线。结果表明:由于流体绕过叶根时加速,可能出现局部低压区并导致气蚀;随着流量的增大,叶轮中相对速度增大,根据速度合成法可知,叶轮边缘出流速度随之减小,最终导致泵内静压降低;随着转速的提高,泵内速度和静压增大,且叶根附近出现局部高流速低压区并逐渐扩张,此区域也是局部低压区。根据压力流量曲线可知,随着流量的增大,泵输出的压力降低;随转速的提高,泵输出的压力升高;在低转速条件下,大流量运行无法实现。     

Investigation on Reduction of Pressure Fluctuation for a Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump

Double-suction centrifugal pumps have been applied extensively in many areas,and the significance of pressure fluctuations inside these pumps with large power is becoming increasingly important.In this study,a double-suction centrifugal pump with a high-demand for vibration and noise was redesigned by increasing the flow uniformity at the impeller discharge,implemented by combinations of more than two parameters.First,increasing the number of the impeller blades was intended to enhance the bounding effect that the blades imposed on the fluid.Subsequently,increasing the radial gap between the impeller and volute was applied to reduce the rotor-stator interaction.Finally,the staggered arrangement was optimized to weaken the efficacy of the interference superposition.Based on numerical simulation,the steady and unsteady characteristics of the pump models were calculated.From the fluctuation analysis in the frequency domain,the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics,located on the monitoring points in the redesigned pumps(both with larger radial gap)are reduced a lot.Further,in the volute of the model with new impellers staggered at 12°,the average value for the dimensionless pressure fluctuation amplitude decreases to 6% of that in prototype pump.The dimensionless rootmean-square pressure contour on the mid-span of the impeller tends to be more uniform in the redesigned models(both with larger radial gap);similarly,the pressure contour on the mid-section of the volute presents good uniformity in these models,which in turn demonstrating a reduction in the pressure fluctuation intensity.The results reveal the mechanism of pressure fluctuation reduction in a double-suction centrifugal pump,and the results of this study could provide a reference for pressure fluctuation reduction and vibration performance reinforcement of doublesuction centrifugal pumps and other pumps.     

Exit flow measurements of a centrifugal pump impeller

Discharge flows from a centrifugal pump impeller with a specific speed of 150 [rpm, m³/min, m] were experimentally investigated. A large axisymmetric collector instead of a volute casing was installed to obtain circumferentially uniform flow, i.e. without interaction of the impeller and the volute. The unsteady flow was measured at the impeller exit and vaneless diffuser using a hot film probe and a pressure transducer. The flow at impeller exit showed pronounced jet-wake flow patterns. The wake, which was on the suction/hub side at high flow rate, became enlarged pitchwisely on both the hub and the shroud side as the flow rate decreases. The pitchwise non-uniformity of the flow rapidly decreased along the downstream and the nonuniformity almost disappeared at radius ratio of 1.18 for medium flow rate. The mean vaneless diffuser flow was reasonably predicted using a one dimensional analysis when an empirical constant was used to specify the skin friction coefficient. The data can be used for a centrifugal pump impeller design and validation of CFD codes and flow modeling.     

低比转数离心泵驼峰现象的CFD分析

为揭示低比转数离心泵性能曲线产生驼峰现象的内流机理,采用RANS方法算法对一低比转数离心泵2个方案(有驼峰和无驼峰)下的内部进行了全流场CFD计算,重点分析了驼峰现象产生时2个方案内部流动结构的差异。结果表明:性能曲线出现驼峰时,2个方案的靠近蜗壳隔舌的叶轮流道内的流动结构差异最为明显;该流道内叶片压力面的低速区会明显增大并伴有漩涡流动;该流道进口也会出现明显的漩涡流动引起进口冲击损失增加;同时该流道出口的"射流-尾迹"现象也会突变,引起出口(混合)水力损失增加。因此这些损失的增大是引起驼峰现象的重要原因。     

计算离心泵面积比和蜗壳面积的方法

依据离心泵的面积比原理,推导得出了计算离心泵面积比的计算公式,公式体现了面积比值和叶轮、蜗壳的水力参数关系。提出建立在面积比原理基础上、低比转速离心泵在加大流量设计后的面积比、蜗壳第八断面面积的计算方法及公式,面积比及蜗壳的第八断面面积和泵的流量加大系数、比转速加大系数得到了联系,也和叶轮、蜗壳的水力参数有关。解决泵行业一直依据经验统计值确定面积比而不能使低比转速离心泵在设计点效率最高这一问题。实例表明:提出的计算方法能够提高低比转速离心泵的效率,充实低比转速离心泵的设计理论。