半合成极压切削液的研究与应用

半合成极压切削液是一种集乳化液和合成液优点于一体并具有良好极压性能的新一代切削液。按照微乳液调配理论,尤其利用HLB值方法,合理选择乳化剂、极压剂、防锈剂、润滑剂、稳定剂和杀菌防腐剂等多种添加剂并进行科学配伍。对产品进行理化性能测试、四球机承载能力试验、切削阻力试验等实验室评价和实际应用考察,研制了一种新型半合成极压切削液,广泛应用于数控机床、加工中心。     

极压抗磨剂对复合锂钙基润滑脂性能及结构的影响

通过复合锂钙基润滑脂在加入极压抗磨添加剂前后的性能及结构变化,研究了极压抗磨剂对润滑脂的影响。结果表明:在标准实验条件下,极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯(T306)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(T202)、二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸钼(T351)、硫化异丁烯(T321)、硼酸钠(T361)等组合可大幅提高润滑脂的极压抗磨性能,对结构及其它性能无明显影响;在加水10%剪切10万次条件下,含上述极压抗磨剂组合的润滑脂的结构及性能变化比较明显,其复合结构被破坏,滴点大幅下降,含T361的脂极压性下降最多;经过高温后(180℃,24 h)含上述极压抗磨剂组合的润滑脂,能保持或提高原有的极压抗磨性,润滑脂的复合结构没有明显改变,润滑脂的稠化剂纤维结构破坏较大,一般会造成润滑脂的硬化。     

抗磨型油膜轴承油极压抗磨性能的研究

用油膜承载能力及四球机试验等方法极压抗磨性能，以硫磷型极压抗磨剂和油性剂等为主剂进行复配，对油品配方研究及解决极压抗磨性能打下了基础，。产品轻工业现场使用试验证明，极压抗磨性能完全能够满足设备的使用要求。     

水基润滑中一种新型的硫系高性能的极压剂

本文报导一类新型的水溶化化合物,用于以水为主的润滑中,在水中添加少量此化合物（水含量99%以上）,就具有优异的极压润滑性能,此外,本文还探讨了此类化合物的自身特点与性能之间的关系,最后,采用扫描电镜、电子探针能谱等,对此类化合物的极压抗磨机理进行了初步讨论和分析。     

无机盐对水溶性稀土络合物添加剂性能的影响

本文简述了水溶性极压抗磨添加剂存在的问题，合成了水溶性十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯稀土络合物，考察了该类络合物添加剂在水中的极压抗生，提出一套衡量与比较添加剂抗磨和极压性能优劣的参数，并且针对实际应用中水质的不同，研究了阴阳离子对其在水中的摩擦学性能的影响。     

环烷酸铋的极压抗磨协同效应研究

探讨了环烷酸铋的合成方法,利用四球试验机评价了环烷酸铋的极压抗磨性能以及与硫化异丁烯(T321)、ZDDP、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡(T301)、硼酸盐(T361)、MoDDC常用添加剂之间的极压和抗磨协同性能。结果表明,环烷酸铋具有优良的极压抗磨性能,同硫化异丁烯之间有突出的极压协同作用,与ZDDP、MoDDC和氯化石蜡之间也有良好的抗磨协同作用和极压协同作用,可显著提高润滑油的极压性能和改善抗磨性能。     

抗磨添加剂在不同ATF基础油中摩擦学性能研究

选择矿物油、部分合成油、全合成油作为自动变速箱油基础油,将不同的极压抗磨剂T203、T307、T306加入不同的基础油组合中,通过四球机测试不同极压抗磨添加剂在基础油中的摩擦学特性。试验结果表明:在单一基础油中,T203、T307对矿物油的抗磨性能最优,不同添加量T306在不同基础油中抗磨性能较相近;在极压性能方面,T203、T306在全合成油中的极压性感受性最优,T307在各基础油中极压性能差别不大;其中部分合成油中,合成油的比例对摩擦性能的影响也有不同程度差异;与单剂相比,双剂配合没有明显提高基础油抗磨性。     

新型有机铋化合物的极压抗磨性能

利用四球试验机评价合成的环烷酸铋的极压抗磨性能以及与硫化异丁烯(T321)、ZDDP、磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)、氯化石蜡(T301)常用添加剂之间的极压和抗磨协同性能。结果表明,环烷酸铋具有优良的极压抗磨性能,同硫化异丁烯之间有突出的极压协同作用,与ZDDP和氯化石蜡之间也有良好的抗磨协同作用和极压协同作用,可显著提高润滑油的极压性能和改善抗磨性能;但与磷类添加剂(磷酸酯)的协同性较差。     

全合成切削液的制备及极压剂与防锈剂的协同效应研究

制备一种水基全合成切削液,考察新型有机钼、有机硼极压剂与三乙醇胺硼酸酯防锈剂的协同作用。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机研究切削液的摩擦学性能;采用一级灰口铸铁进行单片、叠片防锈试验,考察全合成切削液的防锈性能;用激光共聚焦显微镜观察试件表面形貌并测量工件的表面粗糙度,研究极压剂对工件表面质量的影响。结果表明:2种极压剂有协同增效的作用,使用复合极压剂后,极压润滑系数(最大无卡咬载荷与摩擦因数的比值)增大,改善加工工件的表面质量;有机硼极压剂和三乙醇胺硼酸酯防锈剂共同作用可增强切削液的防锈作用;当切削液中添加复合极压剂与防锈剂时,与含有单一添加剂的切削液相比,其极压性能与防锈性能均有提高,表明防锈剂和极压剂在切削液中具有协同作用。     

影响硫磷钼化合物极压抗磨性能的因素

研究了化学结构、使用浓度，工况条件（包括负荷、油温等）对硫磷钼极压抗磨剂的减摩抗磨性能的影响，结果表明：钼的化合价高，烃基小的化合物极压抗磨性能更好，硫磷钼化合物在较高负荷下，减磨效果更明显。温度升高相当于降低了硫磷钼化合物的有效浓度，故极压性能下降。     

超高速磨削中极压添加剂对GCr15轴承钢表面粗糙度的影响

配制含不同极压添加剂(硫系、氯系、磷系)的磨削液,通过超高速磨削试验,运用表面粗糙度仪及超景深显微镜等仪器分析不同极压添加剂对GCr15轴承钢表面粗糙度的影响,并探讨极压添加剂在磨削加工的作用机制。结果表明:研究的含硫系、氯系和磷系磨削液中,含硫化脂肪油的磨削液和含氯化石蜡的磨削液对改善GCr15轴承钢磨削表面质量有明显的效果;含硫化脂肪油的磨削液的润滑性能最好,这是因为在磨削过程中,硫化脂肪油分解出活性硫并与金属磨削表面发生摩擦化学反应,生成有利于减摩抗磨的Fe S或Fe2S3等络合物。     

Antiwear and Extreme Pressure Additives for High-Temperature Lubricants

New aircraft engines require new lubricants that will function under extreme conditions. Synthetic lubricants such as polyphenyl ethers are being explored as functional fluids in this new area. Although the thermal and oxidative properties of polyphenyl ethers are quite good, the lubricity properties are not outstanding. This paper summarizes research done in our laboratory on lubricity additives for polyphenyl ethers. A number of additives have been found to be effective. In general they contained a hetero atom (phosphorus, halogen, sulfur) incorporated into an organic structure. The trichloroacetoxy functional group in an organometallic structure gave compounds with very high extreme pressure (EP) weld points. Although no pattern has been established for antiwear additives, several additives were found that reduced wear. These were not limited to one chemical class. Some additives gave good EP weld points and also reduced wear, but no one compound was extremely effective in both areas.     

纳微米硼酸盐添加剂与硫系添加剂复配的摩擦学性能研究

本文研究了纳微米硼酸盐添加剂（简称MB添加剂，下同）与SO复配体系的协同效应及其作用机理。结果表明：MB添加剂与SO复配体系的极压抗磨性具有协同效应。当WMB=0.40%时，极压抗磨性最好；摩擦改进剂ASBT对上述复配体系的抗磨性有较大改善。当WASBT－0．10－0．15％时，复配体系的抗磨性最好。在MB添加剂与SO复配体系油润滑条件下，摩擦表面生成了含元素C、S、B和N复杂摩擦化学反应膜；摩擦改进剂ASBT的加入，改变了摩擦化学反应膜的化学组成和摩擦表面形貌，提高了以应膜的承载能力和耐磨性。     

Tribological behaviour of antiwear additives used in hydraulic applications: Synergistic or antagonistic with other surface-active additives?

This paper examines the friction and antiwear (AW) properties using SRV (Schwing–Reib–Verschleiss) tribometer and film-forming properties using atomic force microscope (AFM) of one simple model formulation containing solely AW additive and seven oils containing mixture of additives including three zinc-based packages (ZP), ZP with additional AW additives, ZP with extreme pressure (EP) additives, ZP with viscosity index improvers (VII) and one zinc-free ashless package in steel/steel contacts. VII-containing oil show lower boundary and mixed friction coefficients than the other oils. Although all AW additive-containing oils formed tribofilms, AW properties of ZPs appear to be affected antagonistically by EP additives while synergistically by VII. Zn-free additives investigated in this study show higher wear than ZPs.     

几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的润滑行为研究

利用四球摩擦磨损试验机,考察了实验室合成的几种羟基脂肪酸在菜籽油中的减摩抗磨和极压性能。试验结果表明：这些含氧添加剂具有一定的减摩抗磨能力,但对菜籽油的极压性能的没有影响。双羟基脂肪酸比单羟基脂肪酸的减摩抗磨效果更为明显;烷基链较长的羟基甘二酸比羟基十八酸的减摩抗磨性能略好。     

Evaluation of Long-Chain Phosphorus Compounds as Lubricity Additives

Two and 5% blends of a series of new long chain phosphates and phosphonates were examined for suitability as lubricity additives in bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate and mineral oil. The most effective anti-wear agents were diethyl stearoxyethyl-, dibutyl lauroxyethyl- and di (2-ethyl-hexyl) lauroxyethylphosphonate and dibutyl lauroxypropyl phosphate, the most promising extreme pressure agents were di(2-ethylhexyl) lauroxyethyl phosphonate, diethyl oleoxyethyl, diethyl oleoxybutyl, and dibutyl lauroxypropyl phosphates. Coefficient of friction measurements using steel on steel varied from that of the base fluid to 0.04. The latter was obtained with dibutyl lauroxypropyl, diethyl oleoxyethyl, and diethyl oleoxybutyl phosphates.

The lubricity properties of the long chain phosphorus additives compare favorably with the values determined on presently used hypoid gear oils.

The phosphorus derivatives also improved the oxidation stability of the diester but there appeared to be no improvement in rust prevention in either the sebacate or mineral oil.     

微乳化切削液作用机制的研究

以自制的添加有磷酸三甲酚酯和含氮甘油硼酸酯极压抗磨剂的大豆油基微乳化切削液为研究对象,通过红外光谱和气相-质谱联用仪考察磨损试验前后微乳化切削液结构和成分的变化,从而推断出微乳化切削液发挥其功能的作用机制,为微乳化切削液作用机制的研究提供了一种新方法。该研究方法证实了微乳化切削液在金属表面起保护作用的主要是由极性较强的极压抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯和含氮甘油硼酸酯构成的吸附膜和摩擦化学反应膜。     

二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑在聚α-烯烃中的摩擦性能及其摩擦化学作用机制的研究

合成了2种二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑,并经红外、核磁对其分子结构予以确认。研究了它们的热稳定性,系统地考察了其在聚α-烯烃（PAO）中不同含量、不同载荷下的摩擦学性能。探讨了二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑的抗磨作用机制。结果表明,二烷基二硫代氨基甲酸锑盐的热分解温度较高,热稳定较好,具有良好的极压抗磨性能。EDS分析表明,2种添加剂存在的润滑条件下,钢球磨斑表面上存在着S、Fe、Sb等元素。XPS分析表明,S元素以硫酸亚铁及少量的FeS形式存在,Sb元素以Sb2O3形式存在,而N元素则以复杂的吸附膜形式存在,这些因素一同起极压抗磨作用。     

Effect of the type and concentration of lubricating additives on the antiwear and extreme pressure properties and rolling fatigue life of a four‐ball tribosystem

Tests were performed on two different four‐ball testers. The first was used to determine antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties at sliding friction. The second was used to assess the surface fatigue (pitting) life at rolling movement. Lubricating oils of various chemical compositions were tested. A base mineral oil was blended with two different commercial packages of lubricating additives of AW and EP types. The AW additives contained ZDDP and were blended with the base oil at 0.2 and 3wt %. The EP additives were organic compounds of sulphur and phosphorus, blended with the base oil at 1 and 10wt %. It is shown that AW additives not only improve AW and EP properties but also — at 0.2% — are beneficial for the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of AW additives leads to an improvement of AW and EP properties but — for one of the packages — reduces the fatigue life. EP additives — at 1% concentration — significantly improve EP properties, and to a lesser extent AW properties. Such a concentration of EP additives has no influence on the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of EP additives leads to a further improvement of EP and AW properties. However, this is accompanied by a considerable decrease in the fatigue life. By using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer for analysis of the worn surface, mechanisms of action of various lubricating additives under different friction conditions were identified. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.