一种基于磁钉和惯导系统的机器人导航控制算法

智能移动机器人能够通过传感器感知环境和自身状态。针对移动机器人变电站巡检的需求,提出了一种基于磁传感器、低精度惯导系统、编码器的机器人导航控制方法。为了校准惯导系统和编码器的积累误差,并标记机器人移动路径,在路径上每隔一段距离设置一个磁钉。在两个磁钉之间根据惯导系统提供的航向控制机器人直行。在磁钉位置,机器人根据磁钉信息校准惯导航向误差及机器人位置误差,并调整机器人航向。该算法所用传感器成本较低,算法简单易行,在工程上易于实现,提高了变电站巡检机器人导航的实时性和定位精度。     

抗电磁干扰的无人机GPS/INS组合导航方法

无人机应用于电力巡线时,高压电力故障导致的异常放电可能会产生复杂而且强大的电磁场,会严重影响GPS的信号质量和定位精度,影响无人机的正常导航,因此必需考虑电磁环境对GPS信号和无人机导航性能的影响。提出一种根据GPS数据可信度进行加权的自适应卡尔曼滤波导航算法,通过GPS和内部导航系统(INS)的数据偏差幅度反映GPS数据可信度,利用模糊逻辑算法计算加权值,分配GPS在组合导航中的权重,研发出一种结合GPS和INS的模糊组合导航方法。仿真和实验结果显示,该算法在GPS数据受电磁干扰失真的情况下,调整GPS数据在组合导航中的权重,使组合导航输出的位置和速度误差控制在可行范围内,保证了组合导航的精度。     

非差分GPS在移动机器人位点导航中的应用

针对移动机器人定位及导航问题,提出了一种采用低成本非差分GPS获取移动机器人实时位姿信息的方法。介绍了世界大地坐标系转换为空间直角坐标系的具体算法,对GPS模块的单点定位精度进行了分析;实现GPS坐标转换之后通过电子罗盘获取机器人的方向信息,从而确定移动机器人在全局坐标下的初始位姿。针对移动机器人进行的仿真及实验表明该方法有效可行。     

基于改进EKF的室内机器人充电站自主定位方法研究

针对智能机器人自主寻找充电站充电时对充电站位置的定位和自定位问题,采用红外定位模块与里程计定位信息进行数据融合,分析并建立了两轮驱动室内移动机器人的运动模型与观测模型,利用有限差分线性化方法和小循环迭代结构改进了扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,一方面提高了机器人对目标充电站定位和自身定位的精度,同时减小了因增加计算量而造成的时间损失。仿真实验证明,采用改进方法可使机器人的自定位误差均方差减小约20％,对充电站位置定位的误差控制在约4cm。     

两轮驱动移动机器人系统误差分析及校正

在移动机器人的定位中，测距法是广泛使用的方法之一。本文对移动机器人采用测距法定位时的系统误差进行了分析，得出了其系统误差产生的两个主要原因。提出了补偿误差的方法。通过在两轮驱动移动机器人MKⅡ上的实验显示出，该方法简单、实用，校正后的定位精度比校正前提高了10倍左右。     

基于代数神经网络信息融合的侧向定位的实验研究

为提高移动机器人的工位定位精度,通过实验分析了超声波传感器的测量距离d和入射角α对测量精度的影响.基于代数神经网络能实现样本空间的精确映射并具有较好非线性逼近能力,设计了一种移动机器人侧向定位融合模型.经实验比较,该定位融合模型具有较高的精度,使得位置误差小于0.9957mm,角度误差小于0.2966°.将该定位融合模型应用于自主研发的移动机器人的定位实验中,定位位置精度可达到±2.5mm,姿态角精度可达到±0.42°,满足定位要求.     

基于激光测距的机载光电成像系统目标定位

针对小型机载光电平台无法准确获取视轴指向问题,设计了一种基于激光测距的目标定位算法。利用机载光电侦察平台锁定跟踪目标的特性,对同一目标多次测量,采用激光测距装置获取目标与载机间的距离信息。根据WGS-84定义的地球椭球模型建立系统的测量方程。考虑到测量方程的非线性,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波对目标位置进行估计。该定位方法精度只受到GPS接收机定位精度和激光测距机测量精度的影响,目标定位误差与机载光电侦察设备视轴指向测量无关。采用蒙特卡洛法仿真分析载机位置测量误差及激光测距系统位置误差对目标定位的影响,结果显示该算法定位精度较高。采用飞行试验数据验证了该目标定位算法的有效性,在飞行高度8 000 m时,目标定位精度优于8 m。相比于传统定位算法,该方法可将定位精度明显提高。同时此定位方法易于部署,可操作性强,具有较大的应用价值。     

基于代数神经网络信息融合的侧向定位的实验研究

为提高移动机器人的工位定位精度,通过实验分析了超声波传感器的测量距离d和入射角α对测量精度的影响。基于代数神经网络能实现样本空间的精确映射并具有较好非线性逼近能力,设计了一种移动机器人侧向定位融合模型。经实验比较,该定位融合模型具有较高的精度,使得位置误差小于0.9957mm,角度误差小于0.2966°。将该定位融合模型应用于自主研发的移动机器人的定位实验中,定位位置精度可达到±2.5mm,姿态角精度可达到±0.42°,满足定位要求。      

一种轮式移动机器人实时速度估计方法

环境和机器人自身的不确定性影响轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪控制性能,此时仅仅使用里程计往往不能正确表达机器人的状态信息。在无速度传感器的情况下,讨论了使用加速度传感器和位置传感器的输出实时估计轮式移动机器人的速度。首先使用滑模观测器进行里程计信号处理,然后对车体加速度信号进行带通滤波提取车体扰动信息,通过频域融合信号表达轮式移动机器人的速度,并针对正交轮式全方位移动机器人进行了轨迹跟踪控制研究。试验结果表明采用融合数据可以更准确提供机器人的状态信息并得到更好的控制性能。     

一种基于增广EKF的移动机器人SLAM方法

针对移动机器人同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)过程中系统测程法误差累积问题,采用测程法误差模型和车轮速度误差模型的映像关系,结合增广扩展卡尔曼滤波(AEKF)算法结构和实际机器人模型,提出了一种有效提高定位精度的SLAM方法。将机器人速度校正参数附加到卡尔曼滤波算法的向量空间中,以形成增广状态空间,同时预测和更新了SLAM初始状态空间和速度校正参数,笔者在线实时修正机器人的速度和航向角,避免积累航向角误差,从而降低了测程法误差。基于均方根误差和归一化估计方差进行了仿真实验分析,研究结果表明:与EKF-SLAM相比,所提出的方法具有更好的估计性能,使算法保持良好的一致性,大幅度提高了机器人自身定位精度和路标估计准确度。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

交通荷载作用下桥梁结构参数识别方法

应用动力节点加载法,将作用在桥梁上的交通荷载转化为等效节点荷载,再用两步构造法识别结构物理参数.第1步,用Newmark-β方法变换结构运动方程,并用结构的加速度响应求得变换空间内的位移、速度和加速度响应;第2步,基于最小二乘原理,构造出变换空间内求解结构参数的递推式,进行结构物理参数识别.数值模拟结果表明,在交通荷载作用下,该方法能够快速、准确地进行桥梁结构参数识别.     

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection method and comparison in acoustic communication

RLS and LMS blind adaptive multi-user detection algorithm and multi-user detector was proposed to solve the problem of multi-user signal detection problem encountered in underwater acoustic communication networks.In simulation analysis,RLS and the LMS blind adaptive multi-user detector were designed and tested for synchronous and asynchronous multi-user communication process.The results of SIR comparison and MMSE comparison show that,both of the two methods can realize blind adaptive detection when any user change in multi-user communication,during this process,the training communication sequences are not needed.The RLS algorithm has about 5 dB higher in SIR compared with LMS algorithm,and the convergence velocity of RLS algorithm is also higher than LMS algorithm when the communication users change.RLS algorithm has better ability in multi-user detection than that of LMS algorithm,and it has great attraction and guiding significance for solving the problem of multiple access interference(MAI) in multi-user communication.     

Robust Impedance Control of Robots Using an Adaptive Interaction Force Observer

For robot interaction control,the interaction force between the robot and the manipulated object or environment should be monitored.Impedance control is a type ...     

Research on key techniques of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system

This paper analysis the developing of expendable conductivity temperature depth measuring system(XCTD)and introduce its principle of measuring about temperature,salinity and depth of ocean.Some key techniques are put forward.According to the real needs of XCTD,conductivity sensor with high sensitivity is designed by principle of electromagnetic induce,the ocean conductivity from induced electromotive force has been calculated.Adding temperature correction circuit would help to reduce error of conductivity measurement because of sharply changing temperature.Advanced temperature measuring circuit of high precision and the constant current source is used to weaken effect of self-heating of resistance and fluctuation of the source.On respect of remote data transmission,LVDS is a good choice for the purpose of guarantee the quality of data transmitted and the transmission distance is reaching to thousand meters in the seawater.Modular programming method is also brought into this research aimed at improve the stability,reliability and maintainability of the whole measuring system.In February,2015,the trials in South China Sea demonstrate that the developed XCTD realize effective measurement at a speed of 6 knots and detection depth at 800 m.The consistency coefficient of the acquired data is greater than 0.99 and the success rate of probe launching is above 90%.     

CHARACTERISTCS OF FLUID FILM IN OPTIMIZED SPIRAL GROOVE MECHANICAL SEAL

In order to investigate the sealing performance variation resulted from the thermal deformation of the end faces, the equations to calculate the fluid film pressure distribution, the bearing force and the leakage rate are derived, for the fluid film both in parallel gap and in wedgy gap. The geometrical parameters of the sealing members are optimized by means of heat transfer analysis and complex method. The analysis results indicate that the shallow spiral grooves can generate hydrodynamic pressure while the rotating ring rotates and the bearing force of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces is much larger than that in the flat end faces. The deformation increases the bearing force of the fluid film in flat end faces, but it decreases the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid film in spiral groove end faces. The gap dimensions which determine the characteristics of the fluid film is obtained by coupling analysis of the frictional heat and the thermal deformation in consideration of the equilibrium condition of the bearing force and the closing force. For different gap dimensions, the relationship between the closing force and the leakage rate is also investigated, based on which the leakage rate can be controlled by adjusting the closing force.     

OPTIMIZATION METHOD ON IMPELLER MERIDIONAL CONTOUR AND 3D BLADE

An optimization method for 3D blade and meridional contour of centrifugal or mixed-flow impeller based on the 3D viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is proposed. The blade is indirectly parameterized using the angular momentum and calculated by inverse design method. The design variables are separated into two categories: the meridional contour design variables and the blade design variables. Firstly, only the blade is optimized using genetic algorithm with the meridional contour remained constant. The artificial neural network (ANN) techniques with the training sample data schemed according to design of experiment theory are adopted to construct the response relation between the blade design variables and the impeller performance. Then, based on the ANN approximated relation between the meridional contour design variables and impeller performance, the meridional contour is optimized. Fewer design variables and less calculation effort is required in this method that may be widely used in the optimization of three-dimension impellers. An optimized impeller in a mixed-flow pump, where the head and the efficiency are enhanced by 12.9% and 4.5% respectively, confirms the validity of this newly proposed method.     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...