基于干扰观测器的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制方法

为实现更加精准的时滞非线性切换系统滑模控制,应用干扰观测器设计一种新的系统滑模控制方法。构建时滞非线性切换系统模型,针对系统在发生结构变化时会产生复合干扰变化的情况,设计了一种非线性切换干扰观测器,实施系统不连续干扰的估计。通过 Backstepping 方法结合干扰观测器,设计一种切换滑模控制器,依据标量非线性特性打造一个滑模面,通过滑模控制器算法使时滞非线性切换系统能够满足滑模面的实际可达性条件,完成切换滑模控制器设计,实现系统的滑模控制。对设计的滑模控制方法进行测试,实验中选择的时滞非线性切换系统为一种变后掠翼 NSV 。实验结果表明,该设计方法能够实现较为准确地切入信号跟踪,表现出了很好的切换复合干扰估计性能。     

基于滑模观测器的永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制

为解决永磁同步电机（PMSM）控制中机械式位置传感器带来的成本及可靠性等问题,将滑模观测器技术应用到PMSM矢量控制系统中。该系统采用滑模面及滑模等效控制方法,通过选择足够大的滑模增益,在观测电流和实测电流之间的误差上构建滑模面,对电机反电势进行观测以得到转子位置角,并基于Lyapunov稳定性判据对滑模观测器的收敛性进行了分析;建立了应用滑模观测器的PMSM无传感器矢量控制实验系统,设计了位置及速度滑模控制器。进行了1500r／min稳态及正负转速切换的角度估算实验,实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。研究结果表明,基于滑模观测器的无传感器控制策略能准确估计出PMSM的转子位置角,从而得到转子速度,且系统具有较好的动、静态特性。     

基于神经网络干扰观测器的终端滑模飞行控制设计

针对具有不确定的非线性多输入多输出系统,利用径向基神经网络设计非线性干扰观测器,并基于所设计的干扰观测器提出了终端滑模控制方法,同时应用于六自由度无人机的鲁棒飞行控制器设计。仿真结果证明了该控制方案的有效性和鲁棒性。     

汽车电子节气门角度传感器的故障检测与重构

针对具有强非线性的电子节气门角度传感器的故障诊断与重构问题,提出一种基于滑模变结构观测器的角度传感器故障检测与故障重构方法。利用一阶滤波器实现传感器故障与执行器故障的等效变换,利用滑模观测器生成残差,同时根据已发生故障的测量值估计故障量,得到传感器故障信息的精确估计,实现传感器故障的检测与故障重构。通过ds PACE搭建快速控制原型环境对所提出的故障检测与重构方法进行验证,实验结果表明所设计的滑模变结构观测器可有效对传感器故障进行检测与重构。     

基于优化自适应阈值的非线性机电系统传感器 故障检测和主动容错控制

针对具有参数不确定性和传感器故障的非线性机电系统,提出一种基于优化自适应阈值和故障重构策略的主动容错控制方法。首先,利用线性分式变换理论对存在参数不确定性的非线性机电系统进行建模,并提出基于粒子群优化算法的优化自适应阈值以提高参数不确定条件下的故障检测性能。其次,通过解析冗余关系推导出系统的动力学方程,并提出一种基于递归终端滑模的跟踪控制策略,以实现系统健康状态下的负载位置跟踪。当系统发生故障时,构建自适应滑模观测器进行传感器故障重构,根据重构结果设计自适应主动容错控制律,并利用故障检测结果进行控制律的实时切换。实验结果表明,所提出的故障检测和主动容错控制方法能在0.06 s内准确的实现传感器故障检测和容错控制,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于高阶滑模方法的永磁同步电机控制系统研究

设计并实现一种采用定子电流和转子磁链为状态量的高阶滑模观测器,该观测器以四阶状态方程为基础,可以直接输出转子磁链的观测值。为避免因引入低通滤波器而产生的磁链相位变化,提出一种矢量状态方程滤波方法,以电流的观测偏差为滑模面,将等效控制信号直接输入到磁链方程中,通过磁链方程对抖振信号进行滤波。仿真结果表明,在没有对观测值进行精确补偿的情况下,对存在于反电势和转子磁链中的转子信息采集,所设计的扩展滑模观测器能够在较低速运行时准确的估算出转子位置和速度。无传感器矢量控制系统具有鲁棒性强、调速范围宽的特点,且具有更高的可行性和有效性。     

基于滑模扰动观测器的磁轴承主动振动控制

由于磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺转子的不平衡振动会造成控制力矩陀螺系统的同频扰动,影响卫星姿态控制精度与卫星载荷精度,本文提出了基于滑模变结构扰动观测器的磁轴承主动振动控制方法.首先,对不平衡扰动力和力矩作用下的磁轴承-转子系统进行建模;接着,设计了滑模变结构扰动观测器观测不平衡扰动力和力矩;然后,利用跟踪微分器估计位移传感器输出信号的微分获取速度信号,降低观测器的阶数;最后,将滑模扰动观测器的输出引入磁轴承控制器,对观测得到的同频不平衡扰动力和力矩进行补偿.仿真和试验结果均表明,设计的滑模变结构观测器实现了对不平衡扰动的观测,通过控制器有效地实现了对不平衡扰动的补偿,减少了72％的同频振动.     

基于扩展干扰观测器的主动升沉补偿系统自适应鲁棒控制

针对不确定性及外部干扰下主动升沉补偿系统的非线性控制问题,提出一种基于扩展干扰观测器自适应鲁棒控制器。扩展状态观测器将外部扰动扩张成新的状态变量,利用输出反馈观测扩张的状态。基于反步法构建自适应控制器,结合拓展状态观测器处理系统方程存在的建模误差、外干扰、不确定性及参数不确定性。基于滑模控制方法,设计非线性滑模反馈律,从而提高系统在外部干扰下的鲁棒性能。最后,通过李雅普诺夫函数证明整个闭环系统的稳定性。基于升沉补偿电液伺服系统进行仿真实验,结果表明:所设计控制器在存在不确定性及外部干扰的情况下具有良好的控制精度及鲁棒性。     

基于滑模控制的虚拟NOx传感器建模与仿真

为解决降低汽车尾气排放的对大气有污染的NOx的含量,对NOx的含量进行检测以便转化控制等问题,将滑膜控制理论应用到虚拟NOx传感器的设计中,开展了滑模控制的基本原理分析,建立了滑模控制理论与虚拟NOx传感器设计之间的关系,提出用Matlab的Simulink模块来搭建所设计的虚拟NOx传感器的模型的方法,并进行仿真。最后将仿真结果与理想信号进行了比较试验。研究结果表明,该虚拟NOx传感器的显示信号和理想信号高度吻合,说明该虚拟NOx传感器在理论上是可行的。     

液压作动系统的传感器故障检测设计

针对液压作动系统的传感器故障检测开展研究工作。首先通过一个线性转换将液压系统的初始模型转换成2个子模型,一个模型只含系统的不确定性,而另一个子系统只含传感器故障,从而实现了不确定性和传感器故障的完全解耦。随后针对2个子系统分别设计了滑模观测器和Luenberger观测器,其中滑模观测器用来抑制模型中的不确定性而Luenberger观测器用来保证评估误差为0。最后通过仿真验证了该方法能够有效的检测出液压系统的传感器故障,特别是在多个传感器故障同时发生时。     

Sliding mode observer based incipient sensor fault detection with application to high-speed railway traction device

This paper considers incipient sensor fault detection issue for a class of nonlinear systems with “observer unmatched” uncertainties. A particular fault detection sliding mode observer is designed for the augmented system formed by the original system and incipient sensor faults. The designed parameters are obtained using LMI and line filter techniques to guarantee that the generated residuals are robust to uncertainties and that sliding motion is not destroyed by faults. Then, three levels of novel adaptive thresholds are proposed based on the reduced order sliding mode dynamics, which effectively improve incipient sensor faults detectability. Case study of on the traction system in China Railway High-speed is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed incipient senor faults detection schemes.     

H∞ observer-based event-triggered sliding mode control for a class of discrete-time nonlinear networked systems with quantizations

This paper investigates the problem of H_∞ observer-based event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of uncertain discrete-time Lipschitz nonlinear networked systems with quantizations occurring in both input and output channels. The event-triggered strategy is used to save the limited network bandwidth. Then, based on the zero-order-hold (ZOH) measurement, a state observer is designed to reconstruct the system state, which facilitates the design of the discrete-time sliding surface. Considering the effects of quantizations, networked-induced constraints and event-triggered scheme, the nonlinear state error dynamics and sliding mode dynamics are converted into a unified linear parameter varying (LPV) time-delay system with the aid of a reformulated Lipschitz property. By using the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and free weighting matrix, a new sufficient condition is derived to guarantee the robust asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system with prescribed H_∞ performance. And then the observer gain, event-triggering parameter and sliding mode parameter are co-designed. Furthermore, a novel SMC law is synthesized to force the trajectories of the observer system onto a pre-specified sliding mode region in a finite time. Finally, a single-link flexible joint robot example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Sliding mode control for a two-joint coupling nonlinear system based on extended state observer

A two-joint coupling nonlinear system driven by pneumatic artificial muscles is introduced in this paper. A sliding mode controller with extended state observer is proposed to cope with nonlinearities and disturbances for the two-joint coupling nonlinear system. In addition, convergence of the extended state observer is presented and stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also demonstrated with the sliding mode controller. Lastly, some experiments are carried out to show the reality effectiveness of the proposed method.     

双框架控制力矩陀螺框架系统的扰动观测及抑制

内外框架间的耦合力矩、非线性摩擦和未建模动态是影响双框架控制力矩陀螺框架系统高精度角速率伺服控制的主要因素。为提高框架系统的干扰抑制能力,保证框架系统输出角速率精度,本文提出了一种基于非线性级联扩张状态观测器和滑模控制的复合扰动抑制方法。框架系统中的所有干扰都被认为是集总干扰并由设计的NCESO估计,通过滑模控制可从系统输出通道中消除集总干扰的影响。最后,将本文提出的控制方法与线性级联扩张状态观测器和状态反馈结合的复合控制方法进行了对比仿真实验。仿真和实验结果表明,本文提出的方法具有更好的干扰抑制和动态响应性能,内框架角速度波动从0.5(°)/s减小到0.2(°)/s,外框架角速度波动从0.45(°)/s减小到0.15(°)/s;跟踪正弦参考信号时,速度跟踪误差从1.8(°)/s减小到1.2(°)/s,相位滞后从8°减小到1.3°。     

虚拟轴机床并联机构的自适应动态滑模运动控制

虚拟轴机床系统模型复杂难以准确建立,高速加工时存在强烈干扰且不确定,难以实际实现高性能控制,为此,提出一种新型自适应动态滑模控制方法,用于虚拟轴机床并联机构运动控制。通过构建新型动态切换函数,设计二阶动态滑模控制,以解决采用常规等效控制设计的滑模控制系统,因忽略执行机构快变动力学特性等而导致控制系统品质降低甚至不稳定的问题,同时避免滑模抖振的出现;引入自适应控制对虚拟轴机床加工时的外界干扰等不确定因素进行在线估计,以克服滑模控制性能需依赖于对未知干扰的先验估计的局限,增强虚拟轴机床克服高速加工时的强烈干扰的能力,进一步提高其控制性能。仿真和试验结果表明,采用自适应动态滑模控制方法,可使虚拟轴机床控制系统具有较好的自适应能力,较强的鲁棒性,良好的动态、稳态品质。     

H∞ non-fragile observer-based dynamic event-triggered sliding mode control for nonlinear networked systems with sensor saturation and dead-zone input

This paper considers the problem of robust non-fragile observer-based dynamic event-triggered sliding mode control (SMC) for a class of discrete-time Lipschitz nonlinear networked control systems subject to sensor saturation and dead-zone input nonlinearity. First, an improved dynamic event-triggered scheme (DETS) in consideration of sensor saturation is proposed to reduce the number of data transmission. Next, a non-fragile observer is designed to estimate the system state, which facilitates the construction of the discrete sliding surface. By using a reformulated Lipschitz property, the error dynamics and sliding mode dynamics are modeled as a unified linear parameter varying (LPV) networked system with time-varying delays. Then, based on this model, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the resulting closed-loop system to be asymptotically stable with a given disturbance attenuation level. Furthermore, an observer-based event-triggered SMC law is designed to drive the trajectories of the observer system onto a region near equilibrium point in a finite time in the presence of dead-zone input nonlinearity. Finally, two practical examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Sliding mode output feedback control based on tracking error observer with disturbance estimator

For a class of systems who suffers from disturbances, an original output feedback sliding mode control method is presented based on a novel tracking error observer with disturbance estimator. The mathematical models of the systems are not required to be with high accuracy, and the disturbances can be vanishing or nonvanishing, while the bounds of disturbances are unknown. By constructing a differential sliding surface and employing reaching law approach, a sliding mode controller is obtained. On the basis of an extended disturbance estimator, a creative tracking error observer is produced. By using the observation of tracking error and the estimation of disturbance, the sliding mode controller is implementable. It is proved that the disturbance estimation error and tracking observation error are bounded, the sliding surface is reachable and the closed-loop system is robustly stable. The simulations on a servomotor positioning system and a five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearings system verify the effect of the proposed method.